共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 500 毫秒
1.
The fabrication and characterization of gallium-diffused planar waveguides in sapphire are reported. Waveguides were fabricated by diffusion of 60-200-nm-thick films of gallium oxide into c -cut sapphire at 1600 degrees C for times ranging from 6 to 16 h. Near-field intensity profiles of the guided modes were measured at wavelengths from 488 to 850 nm, and the surface-index elevation was estimated to be up to (0.6+/-0.02)x10(-2) . Potential applications for low-threshold Ti:sapphire waveguide lasers and for optical integrated circuits with passive and active elements in sapphire are discussed. 相似文献
2.
Sonia Grego Kristin H. Gilchrist Ja-Yeon Kim Min-Ki Kwon M. Saif Islam 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2011,105(2):311-316
We demonstrate bridged nanowires on a non-single-crystal substrate as a versatile fabrication approach to combine active and
passive photonic functionalities on silicon platforms. Silicon nanowires are grown on vertical non-single-crystal surfaces
by a vapor-liquid-solid process and bridge a microtrench obtained by etching an amorphous optical rib waveguide. A pair of
phosphorous-doped polysilicon electrodes is deposited on the walls of the waveguide microtrench for seeding the nanowire synthesis
and for electrical interfacing. The bridged nanowires act as photoconductors and their photoresponse to edge-illumination
from waveguided light is characterized. Taking advantage of crystalline nanowire growth on non-single-crystal substrates may
ultimately lead to substrate-independent integration of best-of-breed semiconductor nanodevices for applications such as photonic
integrated circuits. 相似文献
3.
《Current Applied Physics》2009,9(3):577-580
A simplified process for the bus electrodes of low resistance in passive matrix OLEDs using cathode separators is presented. The cathode separators are patterned both in a peripheral area and in an active area so that the bus electrodes can be formed out of a cathode metal of low resistance when the cathode metal is deposited. Using this simplified process, a single and bi-layer of aluminum and copper were tried out to form the bus and cathode electrodes and the results were analyzed. This method reduces the fabrication processes and lowers the power consumption. 相似文献
4.
Rand Ismaeel Timothy Lee Ming Ding Mohammed Belal Gilberto Brambilla 《Laser \u0026amp; Photonics Reviews》2013,7(3):350-384
Optical microfiber waveguides with diameters close to the wavelength of light possess an intriguing combination of properties, such a tight modal confinement, tailorable dispersion, and high nonlinearity, which have been utilized in many passive applications. Here, the key fabrication techniques and optical properties of microfibers are introduced, followed by a discussion of the various passive microfiber devices and sensors. Applications exploiting their strong confinement are reviewed, including harmonic generation, supercontinuum sources, gratings, tips for optical trapping and intracellular sensing and subwavelength light sources, as well as devices based on large evanescent fields such as couplers, interferometers, optical manipulators, sensors, and resonators. Furthermore, the properties and practical intricacies of manufacturing various microfiber resonators are evaluated, with a focus on their applications in sensing ranging from temperature monitoring to current, pressure, refractive index and chemicals detection. 相似文献
5.
Martijn J. R. Heck Jared F. Bauters Michael L. Davenport Daryl T. Spencer John E. Bowers 《Laser \u0026amp; Photonics Reviews》2014,8(5):667-686
Planar waveguides with ultra‐low optical propagation loss enable a plethora of passive photonic integrated circuits, such as splitters and combiners, filters, delay lines, and components for advanced modulation formats. An overview is presented of the status of the field of ultra‐low loss waveguides and circuits, including the design, the trade‐off between bend radius and loss, and fabrication rationale. The characterization methods to accurately measure such waveguides are discussed. Some typical examples of device and circuit applications are presented. An even wider range of applications becomes possible with the integration of active devices, such as lasers, amplifiers, modulators and photodetectors, on such an ultra‐low loss waveguide platform. A summary of efforts to integrate silicon nitride and silica‐based low‐loss waveguides with silicon and III/V based photonics, either hybridly or heterogeneously, will be presented. The approach to combine these integration technologies heterogeneously on a single silicon substrate is discussed and an application example of a high‐bandwidth receiver is shown. 相似文献
6.
Masao Kawachi 《Optical and Quantum Electronics》1990,22(5):391-416
A marriage of optical fibre fabrication technology and LSI microfabrication technology gave birth to fibre-matched silica waveguides on silicon: thick glass layers of high-silica-content glass are deposited on silicon by flame hydrolysis, a method originally developed for fibre preform fabrication. Silica channel waveguides are then formed by photolithographic pattern definition processes followed by reactive ion etching. This high silica (HiS) technology offers the possibility of integrating a number of passive functions on a single silicon chip, as well as the possibility of the hybrid integration of both active and passive devices on silicon. This paper reviews the NTT HiS technology and its application to integrated-optic components such as optical beam splitters, optical switches, wavelength-division multi/demultiplexers and optical frequency-division multi/demultiplexers. The clear and simple waveguide structures produced by the HiS technology make it possible to design and fabricate these components with high precision and excellent reproducibility. 相似文献
7.
《Waves in Random and Complex Media》2013,23(4):682-707
We develop a new theory of the optical theorem for scalar fields in nonhomogeneous media which can be bounded or unbounded. It applies to arbitrary lossless backgrounds and quite general probing fields. The derived formulation holds for arbitrary passive scatterers, which can be dissipative, as well as for the more general class of active scatterers which are composed of a (passive) scatterer component and an active, radiating (antenna) component. The generalization of the optical theorem to active scatterers is relevant to many applications such as surveillance of active targets including certain cloaks and invisible scatterers and wireless communications. The derived theoretical framework includes the familiar real power optical theorem describing power extinction due to both dissipation and scattering as well as a novel reactive optical theorem related to the reactive power changes. The developed approach naturally leads to three optical theorem indicators or statistics which can be used to detect changes or targets in unknown complex media. The paper includes numerical simulation results that illustrate the application of the derived optical theorem results to change detection in complex and random media. 相似文献
8.
Structural noise and vibrations control can be achieved
using two strategies: active - with feed-forward controller, a sensor and an
actuator [1-3] or passive, by piezoelectric shunt damping [4-8], when a piezoelectric transducer will act as a sensor
and an actuator. Potential applications of these structures are
investigated. Two numerical (FEM) models based on the active and passive
damping strategies are compared. The numerical solutions were confirmed
experimentally. 相似文献
9.
10.
The parabolic similariton pulse formation by alternate arrangements of passive and active dispersion compensating fibers (DCFs) is presented here. These combinations of passive and active DCFs with constant core radii and constant nonlinearities are suggested as equivalent profiles of a dispersion tailored fiber amplifier in normal dispersion regime. The dispersion tailored fibers, usually known as dispersion decreasing fibers (DDFs) in normal dispersion regime, are capable of producing linearly chirped parabolic self-similar pulses. The DDF is designed and optimized with proper choice of fiber parameters so that considerable variation of nonlinearity can be achieved, which in turn enhances the effective gain coefficient of the fiber. Inclusion of this nonlinear variation along the DDF amplifier length leads to obtain the simulated output pulses with very small misfit parameters with respect to perfect parabolic pulse at sufficiently reduced optimum length. At the same time to avoid the fabrication difficulties of the DDF, the alternately arranged passive and active DCFs are suggested as suitable alternatives of the DDF. The performances of the cascaded systems for generation of self-similar parabolic pulses are compared with that of the DDF amplifier as well as combined systems consisting of DCFs with equal gain. The results show that the proposed alternately arranged cascaded system with less pumping requirements, are efficient enough to produce similar parabolic pulses as compared to the previously designed DDF, even when considerable amount of splice loss at each joint is included. 相似文献
11.
P. M. W. French 《Contemporary Physics》2013,54(4):283-301
This article is intended to provide an introduction to ultrafast laser development for scientists new to the field and to provide a snapshot of the current state-of-the-art. In the first section, the main issues concerning ultrashort pulse generation are discussed and then the basic techniques of mode-locking are reviewed at a tutorial level. These include active mode-locking, passive mode-locking with real, resonant, saturable absorbers and passive mode-locking with the optical Ken effect. Emphasis is placed on practical ultrafast solid-state lasers for real-world applications. 相似文献
12.
Microbolometers are extensively used for uncooled infrared imaging applications. These imaging units generally employ vanadium oxide or amorphous silicon as the active layer and silicon nitride as the absorber layer. However, using different materials for active and absorber layers increases the fabrication and integration complexity of the pixel structure. In order to reduce fabrication steps and therefore increase the yield and reduce the cost of the imaging arrays, a single layer can be employed both as the absorber and the active material. In this paper, we propose an all-ZnO microbolometer, where atomic layer deposition grown zinc oxide is employed both as the absorber and the active material. Optical constants of ZnO are measured and fed into finite-difference-time-domain simulations where absorption performances of microbolometers with different gap size and ZnO film thicknesses are extracted. Using the results of these optical simulations, thermal simulations are conducted using finite-element-method in order to extract the noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD) and thermal time constant values of several bolometer structures with different gap sizes, arm and film thicknesses. It is shown that the maximum performance of 171 mK can be achieved with a body thickness of 1.1 μm and arm thickness of 50 nm, while the fastest response with a time constant of 0.32 ms can be achieved with a ZnO thickness of 150 nm both in arms and body. 相似文献
13.
Serially grafted polymer optical waveguides were fabricated by the light-induced self-written (LISW) waveguide technique for the first time to our knowledge. To realize functional waveguide cores by the LISW technique, transparent materials at the writing wavelength were selected. By inserting thin transparent partitions, a serial-graft structure consisting of passive and active waveguides without any misalignment was realized automatically. This technique is advantageous for its extremely easy process over conventional fabrication techniques. 相似文献
14.
We report in this Letter fabrication of whispering-gallery-mode microdisk lasers by femtosecond laser direct writing of dye-doped resins. Not only is well-defined disk shape upheld on an inverted cone-shaped supporter, but the disk also exhibits significant lasing actions characteristic of an abrupt increase of light output and the significant narrowing of the spectral lines when the threshold is approached. This work shows that the laser micronanofabrication technology is not only applicable to passive micro-optical components, but also it may play an important role in fabrication of active optoelectronic devices and their integrated photonic circuits. 相似文献
15.
A printed Z-shaped electric meta-atom is presented as an alternative design to the conventional electric-LC (ELC) resonator.
We propose an easy way to redesign the ELC resonator pattern to get a compact and a low cost electric resonator exhibiting
a strong electric response. Our approach involves, in the effective medium regime, redressing the resonator shape to accommodate
higher inductance and lead to a lower resonance frequency without being limited by fabrication tolerances. The electromagnetic
behaviour of the meta-atom has been investigated through both simulations and experiments in the microwave regime. Our results
show that the Z meta-atom exhibits an electric response to normally incident radiation and can be used very effectively in
producing materials with negative permittivity. The proposed planar meta-atom can find various applications in high frequency
passive circuits which are designed in planar technology. Moreover, the proposed structure can be scaled to much higher frequencies
via appropriate lithographic scaling. 相似文献
16.
D. SUNL. TONG 《Journal of sound and vibration》2002,252(3):493-507
A detailed model for the beams with partially debonded active constraining damping (ACLD) treatment is presented. In this model, the transverse displacement of the constraining layer is considered to be non-identical to that of the host structure. In the perfect bonding region, the viscoelastic core is modelled to carry both peel and shear stresses, while in the debonding area, it is assumed that no peel and shear stresses be transferred between the host beam and the constraining layer. The adhesive layer between the piezoelectric sensor and the host beam is also considered in this model. In active control, the positive position feedback control is employed to control the first mode of the beam. Based on this model, the incompatibility of the transverse displacements of the active constraining layer and the host beam is investigated. The passive and active damping behaviors of the ACLD patch with different thicknesses, locations and lengths are examined. Moreover, the effects of debonding of the damping layer on both passive and active control are examined via a simulation example. The results show that the incompatibility of the transverse displacements is remarkable in the regions near the ends of the ACLD patch especially for the high order vibration modes. It is found that a thinner damping layer may lead to larger shear strain and consequently results in a larger passive and active damping. In addition to the thickness of the damping layer, its length and location are also key factors to the hybrid control. The numerical results unveil that edge debonding can lead to a reduction of both passive and active damping, and the hybrid damping may be more sensitive to the debonding of the damping layer than the passive damping. 相似文献
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20.
Andreas Wieczorek Brendan Roycroft Frank H. Peters Brian Corbett 《Optical and Quantum Electronics》2011,42(8):521-529
The film mode matching method was used to analyze the inter waveguide coupling losses in a passive asymmetric twin waveguide
caused by waveguide width and refractive index variation for both resonant and adiabatic coupling at a wavelength of 1,550 nm.
The reasons for power losses are shown. It is demonstrated that tapering the mode beating section of the resonant coupler
can increase the fabrication tolerance of resonant coupling without increasing the coupling length. 相似文献