甘氨酸离子液体[C3mim][Gly]和[C4mim][Gly]水溶液的表面张力

本文用中和法合成了基于烷基咪唑的甘氨酸离子液体[C3mim][Gly]（1-丙基-3-甲基咪唑甘氨酸离子液体）和[c4miml[Gly]（1-丁基-3．甲基咪唑甘氨酸离子液体）,在298．15K下,0．0400-0．5000molkg^-1浓度范围内测定了不同浓度[C4mim][Oly]和[c3mim][Gly]离子液体水溶液的密度和表面张力,得到了溶液等张比容的实验值,提出了预测不同浓度溶液等张比容的经验方程,利用这个经验方程和李以圭等人提出的溶液表面张力模型,分别估算了这两种离子液体水溶液的表面张力,其估算值和实验值在误差范围内很好地吻合．     

微波法合成离子液体[AMIM]Cl及其对纤维素的预处理

利用微波法合成了离子液体1-烯丙基,3-甲基咪唑氯盐[AMIM]Cl,并利用合成的离子液体分别对微晶纤维素、麦草秸杆和玉米芯进行预处理,得到了再生纤维素。考察了纤维素在离子液体中的溶解过程,并通过FT-IR、SEM和酶解对其预处理效果进行了表征。结果表明:微波法可以大大减少反应时间,合成的离子液体[AMIM]Cl可以有效降低纤维素的结晶度,增加其表面粗糙度,提高纤维素酶的可及性及底物的利用率。     

利用等张比容估算乳酸离子液体同系物[C_nmim][Lact](n=2,3,4,5,6)的热力学性质

合成了基于烷基咪唑的乳酸离子液体[C4mim][Lact](1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑乳酸盐),并用1HNMR和DSC作了表征.由于乳酸离子液体和水易形成氢键,用通常的办法很难除去乳酸离子液体中的杂质水.为了排除杂质水的干扰,应用了标准加入法,配制一系列含有已知微量水的乳酸离子液体样品,在308.15～343.15K温度范围,用重量法测定了这些样品的密度,用最大气泡法测定了表面张力,用折光率确定了摩尔极化度,然后外推得到无水离子液体数据.在这些实验数据基础上,利用等张比容的加和性,估算了乳酸离子液体同系物[Cnmim][Lact](n=2,3,4,5,6)的表面张力、折射率、摩尔极化度、汽化焓和热膨胀系数,与实验数据相比有较好的一致性.     

氨基酸离子液体及应用

日本东京农业及技术大学的H.Ohno和他的助手认为,新型室温氨基酸离子液体用作多肽合成中间体和在药物化学、工业化学中的应用前景非常广阔。把1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑氢氧化物([emim][OH])的水溶液加到丙氨酸[Ala]和19种其他天然氨基酸的水溶液中就可以得到这类化合物。在除去水后,用元素分析和NMR光谱可以确定这类离子液体的结构。这种透明的、几乎无色的离子液体能够和多种有机溶剂相混溶。Ohno认为,这类氨基酸离子液体在研究阳离子结构和离子液体的物理和化学性质的关系时,是一类很好的模型物。离子液体[emim][Ala]的玻璃化温度、离子电导…     

H_3PW_(12)O_(40)在离子液体中催化β-萘甲醚乙酰化反应

利用吡啶和正溴丁烷合成离子液体中间体[BPy]Br,再由[BPy]Br和NaBF4合成了离子液体[BPy]BF4,对其进行了FT-IR,1 H NMR和TG-DTA表征.将合成的离子液体作为溶剂,磷钨酸为催化剂,催化β-萘甲醚(MM)和乙酸酐(AA)的乙酰化反应.结果表明,该反应的主要产物是2-甲氧基-1-萘乙酮.反应的较佳工艺条件为:β-萘甲醚0.01mol,β-萘甲醚与乙酸酐的摩尔比为1∶1.5,磷钨酸0.05g,100℃下反应4h,反应物β-萘甲醚的转化率达到57.04%,最高选择性可达99.04%.通过萃取分离实现回收磷钨酸-离子液体的催化体系,并可循环使用5次,催化活性无下降.     

室温离子液体中催化合成肉桂酸苄酯

研究离子液体中肉桂酸钾和氯化苄经缩合合成肉桂酸苄酯的新方法,并对多种离子液体的作用性能进行了考察.研究结果表明,离子液体中BMImBF4的催化性能最佳,但是肉桂酸苄酯的收率仍不高,只有当相转移催化剂四丁基氯化铵存在时,肉桂酸钾与溶于离子液体中的氯化苄在温和的反应条件下才可高效率地得到肉桂酸苄酯,收率可达96.5%.产物分离简单,离子液体和相转移催化剂形成的双催化体系可以稳定地循环使用5次以上.     

功能化离子液体液化木粉及其酚醛复合材料

合成了氯代1-(2-羟乙基)-3-甲基咪唑离子液体[He MIM]Cl、溴代1-乙胺基-3-甲基咪唑离子液体[Ae MIM]Br和氯代1-羧乙基-3-甲基咪唑离子液体[Ce MIM]Cl 3种功能化咪唑离子液体,并分别进行了红外与氢核磁结构表征.然后用3种离子液体液化木粉,液化3 h后向体系直接加入苯酚、甲醛和氢氧化钠,制备酚醛复合材料,并采用FTIR、XRD、DSC和SEM对酚醛复合材料进行结构、性能与形貌测试,研究离子液体种类对木粉液化率及酚醛树脂性能的影响.结果表明,离子液体及其液化木粉产物制备的酚醛复合材料性能得到明显改善.[Ce MIM]Cl液化效果最好,90℃液化率高达24.6%,当[Ce MIM]Cl与木粉质量比为10∶1时,制备的酚醛复合材料的游离醛释放量由原来的3.64%降低到0.92%.离子液体[Ae MIM]Br能将酚醛复合材料的冲击强度由原来的0.93 k J/m2提高到6.96 k J/m2,而[Ae MIM]Br及其液化的木粉产物制备的酚醛复合材料拉伸强度从原来的3.28 MPa提高到9.70 MPa.     

咪唑根碱性离子液体在水介质Knoevenagel反应中的催化作用

报道了咪唑根1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑([Bmim]Im)碱性离子液体的合成与表征,该离子液体具有强碱性和较好的热稳定性.碱性离子液体[Bmim]Im用于催化水介质中Knoevenagel反应,发挥了碱催化剂与相转移催化剂双重作用.此外,离子液体[Bmim]Im及其水溶液还具有良好的循环使用性能.水介质、低催化剂用量、室温...     

手性胍盐离子液体的合成

离子液体作溶剂、催化剂进行有机合成反应是近几年来各国化学家关注的热点之一[1].究其原因主要是离子液体具有低熔点、不挥发、不易燃易爆等特点,使其能代替传统有机合成与工业催化工程中的易挥发性溶剂(VOCs).再就是离子液体作为一种离子溶剂,可能存在1018种二元离子液体,而现在实际应用中的分子溶剂大概600种,离子液体的多样性使得在实际应用中可以通过调节离子液体的结构来调节离子液体的性质,从而为反应提供合适的溶剂环境,从而提高反应的产率、选择性以及立体选择性等[2].手性离子液体的合成和离子液体中的不对称催化一直都是离子液体研究的一个重要方面.Wasserscheid等[3,4]最近报道了从"手性池"(Chiral pool)衍生的新手性离子液体的合成和特性.最近我们报道一类简单的胍盐室温离子液体的合成及性质[5,6],新型胍盐离子液体由于其独特的性质得到了大家的关注[7-8].而手性胍盐离子液体还未见文献报道,因此我们从简单易得的手性胺出发合成了一系列的手性胍盐离子液体(Scheme 1),以新的手性胍盐离子液体作为不对称性催化反应新体系的工作正在进行.     

新型碱性离子液体催化酯交换合成生物柴油

两步法合成了吗啉阴离子型碱性离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基吗啉盐[Hnmm]Im,经1 H-NMR和FT-IR分析确认了离子液体中间体的结构,并通过阴离子交换得到碱性离子液体,对该离子液体在酯交换制备生物柴油反应中的催化性能进行了研究。结果表明,该碱性离子液体[Hnmm]Im具有较高的酯交换催化活性,在60℃、催化剂用量为3%、醇油物质的量比为6.5∶1.0、反应2 h的条件下,产物脂肪酸甲酯(FAME)含量可达95.80%。而且该离子液体的催化稳定性较好,重复使用5次后仍有较高的催化活性。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.