Chemical composition and pharmacological properties of plants of the genusStachys

This review gives information of the distribution of alkaloids, carbohydrates, lipids, essential oils, diterpenoids, iridoids, flavonoids, and pigments in plants of the genusStachys L. (fam. Lamiaceae). It has been shown that the genusStachys is of interest for researchers as a source of biologically active substances of various classes which are responsible for the broad spectrum of pharmaceutical-therapeutic action of plants of this genus and drugs prepared from them. Characteristic for these plants is a low content of saturated fatty acids in the seed lipids and, in the epigeal part, of essential oils, an accumulation of iridoids of the aucubin type, and the fact that all the flavone derivatives present have a large number of substituents in ring A of the flavone nucleus. This indicates the antiquity and phylogenetic primitiveness of theStachys genus. The results of chemical and pharmacological-therapeutic studies of plants of theStachys genus growing on the territory of the former USSR are given. Literature sources up to and including 1991 have been used.     

Lipids of two species of brown algae of the genusLaminaria

The compositions of the neutral lipids, glycolipids, phospholipids and fatty acids of the brown algaeLaminaria japonica andLaminaria cichoriodes have been studied. It has been found that the glycolipids are the main lipid classes in these algae. Palmitic, oleic, and polyunsaturated acids with 18 and 20 carbon atoms form the group of main acids. The lipids of both species of theLaminaria genus have a complex composition but they differ by the ratios of their fatty acids.Institute of Marine Biology, Far-eastern Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, fax (4232) 310900, e-mail: lipid@biom.marine.su. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 22–26, January–February, 1999.     

Chromatographic study of the composition of the essential oil ofZiziphora clinopodioides, a vicarious form ofOriganum vulgare

The chemical composition of the essential oil ofZiziphora clinopodioides has been studied by GLC. A similarity of the qualitative compositions of the terpenoids of the essential oils ofZ. clinopodioides and other species of this genus has been shown.Institute of Phytochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Karaganda, fax (3212) 51 10 23. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 66–68, January–February, 1999.     

Phytoecdysteroids of plants of theSilene genus and the dynamics of their accumulation

The ecdysteroids of four species of the genusSilene L. have been studied. Six ecdysteroids have been isolated and identified, and the dynamics of the accumulation of the ecdysteroids in relation to the phases of development of the plants have been determined.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 40 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 718–723, September–October, 1997.     

Phytoecdysteroids of plants of the genusSilene

Ecdysteroids produced by plants of the genusSilene are considered. The discussion covers 17 species of plants, from which 45 ecdysteroids have been isolated. It has been shown that ecdysterone is the most characteristic representative of the biosynthesis of ecdysteroids in theSilene series.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 627–635, September–October, 1993.     

Lipids ofMentha spicata

The levels of lipids, pigments, and essential oil and the lipid and fatty acid compositions of individual organs of freshly gatheredMentha spicata plants have been established. It has been found that the organs studied have a complex qualitative composition of the extractive substances but differ in their levels of individual groups of substances and components.Insitute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 40 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 803–805, November–December, 1997.     

GC-MS Analysis of the essential oils of some plants of the Asteraceae Dumort family

An investigation has been made of the chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) of plants of the familyAsteraceae Dumort: Achillea filipendulinaLam., Artemisia persicaBoiss., Artemisia leucodesSchrenk, and Artemisia lehmannianaBunge.It has been shown that the composition of the EOs. of plants of one and the same species depends on the conditions and growth sites.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan [IKhRV AN RUz]. Tashkent, fax (3712) 89 14 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 568–572, July–August, 1995. Original article submitted November 14, 1994.     

Insect pheromones and their analogs LIX. A new method for the synthesis of components of the sex pheromones of insects of the genusMalacosoma

A new method has been developed for the synthesis of the main components of the sex pheromones of insects of theMalacasoma genus that is based on the selective transformation of the product of the partial ozonolysis of cyclohexa-1,4-diene — methyl 6-oxohex-4E-enoate.Institute of Organic Chemistry, Urals Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, fax (3472) 35 60 66. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 398–401, May–June, 1999.     

Influence of cycloartanes from plants of the genusAstragalus and their synthetic analogs on the contractive function of the myocardium and the activity of Na,K-ATPase

An evaluation has been mde of the cardiotonic activities of cycloartane methylsteroids isolated from plants of the genusAstragalus and their synthetic analogs. It has been established that the compounds investigated exhibit a positive inotropic effect expressed to different degrees. The mechanism of the realization of the positive inotropic action of cycloartane glycosides differs from that of cardiosteroid drugs.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 89 14 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 510–514, July–August, 1994.     

Polar lipids and alkaloids ofRuta graveolens grownin vivo andin vitro

We have studied the polar lipids and alkaloids of the biomass ofRuta graveolens L. (ram. Rutaceae) grownin vivo andin vitro and have determined the quantitative compositions of the classes of glyco- and phospholipids, the fatty-acid compositions of their individual acyl-containing components, and their alkaloid contents. The lipids of the biomass of thein vitro culture contained smaller amounts of phosphatidylcholine, of linolenic acid in all classes of acylglycerols, and of hexadec-trans,3-enoic acid in the phosphatidylgtycerol than those of thein vivo culture. Graveoline was found among the total alkaloids of both thein vivo andin vitro cultures and it was isolated from thein vivo culture.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 89 14 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 215–219, March–April, 1995. Original article submitted November 14, 1994.     

Oils of the seeds of nine species of the genusCrambe

Summary The physicochemical properties of the oils of nine species of the genusCrambe have been studied and their fatty-acid compositions have been determined. The fatty acids of the oils contain not less than 20% of erucic acid. Its highest amounts are found in the oils ofC. abyssinica andC. pinnatifida — 57.01 and 47.37%, respectively.Zaporozh'e Medical Institute. Ukrainian Branch of the All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of the Oil and Fats Industry, Zaporozh'e. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 18–20, January–February, 1977.     

Comparative investigation of the composition of the protease inhibitors of wilt-resistant and wilt-susceptible varieties of cotton

The amounts and the group, class, and fatty-acid compositions of the feebly-and the strongly-bound lipids of the total protein fraction of cotton seeds that inhibits the growth of the pathogenic fungusVerticillium dahliae Kleb. have been determined. The main differences of the indices for the seeds of healthy and infected plants of two varieties contrasted by their degrees of susceptibility to verticillium wilt have been established.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 89 14 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 474–480, July–August, 1994.     

Lipids ofZiziphora pedicellata

The amounts and compositions of the lipids, pigments, and fatty acids in the inflorescences, leaves, and stems and the total air-dry biomass ofZiziphora pedicellata Pazij. et Vved. have been established. The essential oil content of the biomass has been determined. A similarity of the qualitative composition of the lipids and pigments, an increase in the amount of unsaponifiable substances, and a substantial fall in the level of chlorophylls on the natural drying of the biomass have been found.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 40 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 806–809, November–December, 1997.     

Composition of the lipids and carbohydrates of the seeds ofAmaranthus caudatus

The chemical composition of the seed lipids ofAmaranthus caudatus L. has been investigated. The fatty acid compositions of the neutral lipids and of the phospho- and glycolipids have been determined. The hydrocarbon components ofA. caudatus have been identified and its alcohol-soluble carbohydrates, water-soluble polysaccharides, and pectin substances have been characterized.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 40 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 797–799, November–December, 1997.     

Composition of the floral waxes ofRosa gallica, Jasminum grandiflorumm, andViola odorata

The chemical compositions of the waxes of the flowers ofRosa gallica L., Jasminum grandiflorum L., andViola odorata L. have been characterized. The waxes of these plants mainly contained hydrocarbons and fatty and cyclic alcohols and their esters with fatty acids. The highest level of free fatty acids (12.4%) was found in theJ. grandiflorum wax. Depending on the plant species, the above-mentioned groups of substances differed in composition and amount, but hydrocarbons predominated.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (371) 120 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 327–333, May–June, 1999.     

Chemical composition of the essential oil ofArtemisia glabella

The results are given of the gas-chromatographic analysis in a nonpolar capillary column, after preliminary separation by means of adsorption chromatography on alumina, of samples of the essential oils of three populations of the endemic speciesArtemisia glabella Kar. et Kir. (Asteraceae) of Kazakhstan. The complex component composition of the samples of essential oils was practically independent of the conditions of the growth site. The results obtained witness a chemosystematic difference betweenA. glabella andA. obtusiloba.Institute of Phytochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Karaganda, fax (3212) 433144, e-mail: arglabin@phyto.karaganda.su. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 193–196, March–April, 1999.     

Composition of the essential oils ofArtemisia radicans andA. frigida

The results are given of the GLC analysis on a capillary column of the essential oils of two species of wormwood close in morphological characteristics growing in Kazakhstan:Artemisia radicans A. Kuprijanov andA. frigida Willd., fam. Asteraceae.Institute of Phytochemistry, Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Republic of Kazakhstan, Karaganda, fax (3212) 43 37 73. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp.478–480, July–August, 1999.     

Effect of infection withVerticillium dahliae on the bound and strongly bound lipids of cotton seeds of varieties with contrasting resistance

The lipids of the kernels of ripe cotton seeds of varieties resistant and susceptible to verticillium wilt have been determined. Intra- and intervariety changes in these indices for the infected plants have been revealed. Different directions of the post-infection changes in the lipids according to the degree of resistance of the variety to wilt have been shown. Differences have been observed both in healthy and in infected plants.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 89 14 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 609–612, September–October, 1994.     

Alkaloids of four species of Argemone

The alkaloid compositions of four species of plants of the genusArgemone (A. mexicana L.,A. alba L.,A. platyceras Link et Otto., andA. hybrida) collected in the flowering phase in the Tashkent Botanical Garden have been studied. They have yielded 16 alkaloids. Corydine and isocorydine have been detected in plants of this genus for the first time, and O-methyl-platycerine has been found in nature for the first time.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 204–206, March–April, 1986.     

Chemical modification of britanin and of inuchenolide C

Analogs of helenalin possessing a broad spectrum of biological activity have been synthesized from the readily available sesquiterpene lactones britanin and inuchenolide C. Conditions for the hydrolysis, oxidative transformations, and skeletal rearrangements of the pseudoguaianolides that are characteristic for plants of the genus hula have been studied.Institute of Phytochemistry, Karaganda, fax (3212) 51 10 23. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 712–722, September–October, 1996. Original article submitted April 1, 1996.