透红外冷反射镜的研制

本文介绍一种透红外冷反射镜反光杯（碗）的光学设计、光学薄膜膜系设计和镀制工艺，特别介绍了镀制工艺中膜层的均匀性、冷光膜的重复性、牢固性等影响因素和解决办法。透红外冷反射镜采用复杂的多层膜系，具有极为有用的光学性质，对可见光高反射，对红外光则有７５％以上的透射，因而得到了实际应用。     

可见光宽带四层增透膜

前言用本技术镀制可见光宽带四层增透膜,实测样品的光谱低反射率曲线是从4000至7000A,P_λ<0.5%;从4100至6900A,R_λ<0.3%。由于在膜系设计和镀制工艺中采用了Ta_2O_5薄膜作为高折射率膜层,所以,镀制工艺比较稳定。     

中波红外3 μm～5 μm宽带通滤光片的研制

 中波红外宽带通滤光膜通常膜系层数多,膜层总厚度非常大（厚度达到10 μm左右）,膜层的镀制工艺难度较大。通过分析红外带通滤光片几种设计方法的特点,并结合实际镀制工艺技术,采用了长波通与短波通及非规整薄膜设计技术相结合的方法,设计了以锗材料为基底的中波3 μm～５ μm宽带通滤光膜。该设计大幅度降低了膜层的总厚度（约为8.65 μm）,缩短了膜层的镀制周期,提高了膜层的牢固度;在膜层的镀制工艺过程中,通过改变薄膜材料的蒸发速率、修正蒸发硫化锌材料时电子枪的扫描方式、调整蒸发材料在坩埚中的装载方法,使膜层获得了优异的光谱性能,其通带平均透过率大于96%,截止区域的平均透过率小于1%。     

一种红外双半波滤光片的设计和制造方法

针对唐晋发、郑权老师在《应用薄膜光学》一书中介绍的采用低折射率材料做间隔层，用16个λ/4层完成红外双半波滤光片的设计方法制作的薄膜易发生断裂，该文给出该膜系另一种设计计算方法，即采用高折射率材料做间隔层，用12个λ/4完成膜系设计。与前者相比，该方法节省了材料和时间。同时给出了镀制该膜系的工艺要点，并对镀膜过程中的初始真空度、蒸镀温度和2种材料的蒸发速率做了说明。指出在该工艺实施过程中，首先使用离子源对基底进行活化轰击，然后在蒸镀硫化锌和锗的过程中用离子源进行辅助蒸镀，可得到非常牢固的膜层。     

高损伤阈值激光薄膜的制备方法

近年来,随着大功率、高能量激光系统的不断发展,光学薄膜的抗激光能力成为制约激光系统高质量发展的瓶颈之一。基于不同的制备方法及工艺参数会对薄膜的损伤阈值产生重要的影响,就薄膜镀制前、镀制中以及镀制后三个方面对提高损伤阈值的方法进行综述,其中包括膜料优选、膜系设计、溶剂清洗、离子束清理、制备方法、离子束后处理、激光后处理等内容。     

绿色薄膜的膜系结构

本文设计的高级次膜系结构Ｇ５Ｍ５Ｈ６Ｌ的特性是：膜层的光学厚度为绿色光谱中央波长５λ／４与６λ／４的叠加厚度；其光谱反射特性对绿色光谱人有高反射率，在绿色光谱中央波长λ两 ４个极小反射率波长；对绿色光谱两个紫、蓝、青和黄、橙、红等６个光谱均具有低反射率的效果，欲求绿色的不同深浅程度，可选用ｎｍ、ｎｋ、ｎｌ的不同值进行组合，本文给出不同深浅绿色膜系结构的实例和镀制工艺程序。     

光学平板偏振分光镜对称膜系的优化设计

 提出一种新算法,用于优化设计对称膜系光学偏振膜。所设计膜系能保证在较宽的工作带宽内有高的消光比(>1000); 而且膜系结构简单,设计灵活,镀制该偏振膜容易实现。     

中红外光参变振荡器在高反射率测量中的应用

根据光腔衰荡光谱技术(CRDS)原理,使用中红外光参变振荡器(OPO)为光源建立了直腔与折叠腔相结合的中红外波段3.6 μm 反射率测量实验装置,用于研究中红外波段的高反射膜反射率,测试精度为10-4。使用直型衰荡光腔测试了三对不同薄膜材料设计镀制的高反射腔镜的反射率,并选择了一对腔镜用于实验装置中。采用该装置精确测试了不同薄膜材料镀制的高反射膜的反射率,包括YbF3/ZnS,YbF3 /ZnSe多层膜,以及由银加保护膜镀制的反射镜。研究表明,中红外波段介质膜的反射率可达到R>0.9990,其中由YbF3/ZnSe镀制在硅基底上的多层介质膜3.6 μm反射率可达到99.96％。     

一种基于光电极值法的光学膜厚监控系统的改进设计

介绍目前通用的基于光电极值法的光学膜厚监控系统的特点，针对其缺点进行改进设计，新系统的稳定性有较大提高，可满足镀制多层介质薄膜器件的要求。     

波长渐变滤光片的镀制

采用常规的真空蒸发镀膜技术,利用自行设计制作的膜厚修正挡板机构,分别在1cm×3cm的条形K9玻璃基底和Si基底上镀制出了波长渐变滤光片。滤光片的波段范围从可见光区直至中红外区。阐述了波长渐变滤光片的镀制工艺及其结果,分析了在实际镀制中膜厚偏差产生的原因,提出了修正系统偏差的可行性方法。     

GaN薄膜的蓝光和红光发射机理研究

由于生长工艺的不完善，非掺杂GaN薄膜中通常存在未知的杂质和缺陷，产生与这些未知杂质和缺陷能级相关的发光。报道了非掺杂GaN薄膜的692nm红色发光．并研究了非掺杂GaN薄膜的蓝、红色发光的发射机理；利用作者提出的吸收归一化光致发光激发光谱，直接测量出了非掺杂GaN薄膜的蓝、红色发光的初始态能级，确定蓝色发光为施主-价带跃迁复合，而红色发光为施主-受主跃迁复合；给出了黄、蓝、红光的发射模型。所取得的结果对于确定未知杂质和缺陷的种类具有重要的参考价值。     

转光农膜的光谱特性研究

通过太阳光谱以及菊花、番茄作用光谱的测试分析 ,讨论了植物生长与太阳光谱的关系 ,表明太阳光谱中 2 80～ 380nm的紫外光 ,5 0 0～ 6 0 0nm的绿黄光及 72 0nm以上近红外光植物利用率较低 ,4 30～ 4 80nm的蓝紫光和 6 30～ 6 90nm的红光有利于增强光合作用。依据植物光合作用和太阳光谱特征 ,设计出CaS∶Cu ,Cl-蓝光膜 ,利用CaS∶Eu2 ,Mn2 ,Cl-,设计出绿光转红光的红光膜。讨论了红蓝复合双峰增益膜及紫外光转红光的稀土有机配合物的光谱特性。农用光能转换剂研制面临新的突破 ,利用反Stocks位移技术研制开发近红外光转红光膜值得关注     

人血红细胞在纳米银膜上的表面增强拉曼光谱研究

将硝酸银和聚乙烯醇加入去离子水中混合后作为电解液,以紫外光激发,用银棒电解得到纳米银膜。用扫描电镜观测纳米银的形貌,发现银膜上的颗粒是紧靠在一起的。以该纳米银膜为基底,用便携式拉曼光谱仪对4个正常人和7个白血病人的血红细胞样品进行了表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)光谱的检测。实验中发现,该纳米银膜对人血红细胞的拉曼散射光谱具有较好的增强的效果和较好的重复性。比较正常人与白血病人血红细胞的SERS谱,存在明显的差别,7个白血病人血红细胞样品在1385 cm-1(吡咯四分之一环伸缩振动)处SERS峰消失,在1425 cm-1处的谱线(CαCm的对称伸缩振动)变宽和变强,对可能的原因进行了分析。     

Investigation of the influence of photobleaching process on the thermo-optic coefficient of disperse red 1/poly(methl methacrylate) film

The influence of photobleaching process on the thermo-optic coefficient (dn/dT) of disperse red 1/poly(methl methacrylate) film is investigated by using the attenuated total reflection technique. Experimental results show that the absolute values of the thermo-optic coefficient of fully bleached disperse red 1/poly(methl methacrylate) film are smaller than those of unbleached film. Moreover, the absolute value of anisotropy of the thermo-optic coefficient (dn_TE/dn_TM/dT) also decreases after the disperse red 1/poly(methl methacrylate) film that is fully bleached.     

Design and Numerical Simulation of a Bandpass Filter Nano-film

A bandpass filtering nano-film based on high refractive index materials is designed in this paper, it shows high transmittance for red light and high reflectance for visible light. The structure of the nano-filtration membrane is simple, which is composed of three nano-films with the overall thickness no more than 100 nm. At normal incidence, the red light (620-760nm) transmittance of the filter film is above 0.6, and the reflectance is below 0.05. At oblique incidence from 0 to 45 degree, the red light transmittance of the filter film under both TM and TE wave mode are all above 0.5, which achieve the transmission of red light in a wide range of incident angles. The light transmittance of the nano-filtration membrane was calculated by transfer matrix method (TMM), it is verified by finite-difference frequency-domain (FDFD) method, and the field distribution of the typical wavelength in the film was calculated. The thickness variation of each layer effects the transmittance of light wave in nano-film was studied. The passband of this filter is easy to be modulated, the bandwidth and waveband of the transmitted light can be modulated as long as changing the thickness of the film, which can be applied to medical or scientific research fields that requires specific light waveband.     

Introduction of ice protective film for 3D microscale analysis of biological sample

It is urgently necessary for secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analysis to overcome influence on the compositional distribution of the sample in vacuum chamber. In this study, we investigated the handling of the ice protective film in techniques such as the gallium focused ion beam (Ga FIB) etching. Here we demonstrate the technique with frozen Hymenochirus boettgeri red blood cell. The red blood cells covered with an ice protective film were cross-sectioned by using Ga FIB, and the two-dimensional SIMS mapping over the cross-section was carried out. The distributions of Na and K were observed on the cross-section and surface of red blood cell with ice protective film. This result agrees qualitatively with physiological intracellular and extracellular concentrations of vital cells. The technique used for SIMS was proved to be a reliable method, preserving the cells in their living state.     

Phase modulation by polarization recording in bacteriorhodopsin: application to phase-shifting interferometry

A novel phase-control method with application to phase-shifting interferometry is presented. The linear polarization state of an external (green) light beam is recorded on a bacteriorhodopsin film, and this polarization state is read by a circular polarized (red) laser beam. By reading the bacteriorhodopsin film, the original (red) wave reverses its circularity and becomes phase shifted by an amount that is dependent on the polarization of the external (green) beam. This method of phase control can be applied in a two-beam interferometer in which the test and reference waves are orthogonally polarized, which allows one to obtain phase modulation without moving parts inside the interferometer.     

Effective removal of adhering cells via ultrashort laser pulses

A technique for accurately and effectively removing adhering red blood cells in a blood plasma thin film via a picosecond pulsed laser was developed. The laser beam was focused to the surface of the film to generate plasma-mediated ablation and an automated stage was employed for raster scan. The SEM images showed that the red blood cells distributed in the ablation scanned area were removed neatly, leaving the surroundings and the film base intact. For cells across the boundary between the ablated and untreated areas, a trim cutting interface was observed. Complete ablation of red blood cells in the target area is achieved without visible thermal and collateral damage in the remaining structure. The removal method is very effective because it is not necessary to selectively focus a laser beam on individual target cells and remove cells one by one. The ablation is scanned over a certain size of area, enabling practical cell killing or microbial decontamination in clinical/industrial scale.     

Sn-C60薄膜的紫外吸收光谱和X-射线衍射谱分析

对Sn-C60薄膜进行紫外可见光吸收，X-射线衍射和扫描电镜的测定结果显示，薄膜样品紫外可见光吸收的两个短波段吸收峰比纯C60薄膜的吸收峰显著下降，说明Sn-C60薄膜的电子光吸收跃迁为间接跃迁，能带中有杂质能级的存在；样品的X射线衍射峰则对应于面心立方结构；扫描电镜结果显示薄膜为纳米级颗粒组成。     

Light Amplification in a New Light Transducer Combining an Organic Electroluminescent Diode with Photoresponsive Organic Pigment Film

Light amplification was successfully demonstrated in an all-organic light transducer based on hybridization of an organic electroluminescent diode and a perylene pigment film as an electron photoinjecting electrode. Amplification gain of photon conversion from red to red light reached 25 with the assistance of effective electron photoinjection due to large photocurrent multiplication in a perylene film. Optical switching behavior caused by feedback of output-light to the photoconductive layer was observed.