微通道板防离子反馈膜新工艺

微通道板防离子反馈膜在三代象管中起到延长寿命的作用.本文叙述了微通道板防离子反馈膜的传统工艺和传统工艺对微通道板电性能的影响,提出了一种制备微通道板防离子反馈膜的新工艺.结果表明,新工艺没有给微通道板通道内表面带来碳污染,不影响微通道板电性能.     

微通道板防离子反馈膜阈值电压特性研究

微通道板(Microchannel-plate,MCP)防离子反馈膜是负电子亲和势光电阴极微光像增强器的特有标志,其主要作用是有效阻止反馈正离子轰击阴极以提高器件工作寿命。微通道板防离子反馈膜的厚度决定了其对电子透过、离子阻挡能力的大小,电子透过能力直接影响图像的对比度和信噪比。根据微通道板防离子反馈膜阈值电压定义和测试原理,对微通道板不同厚度防离子反馈膜、不同工作电压条件下的阈值电压特性进行了测试研究。结果表明:防离子反馈膜的阈值电压随着膜层厚度的增加而增加,两者之间遵循正比的线性关系:Y=3.98X+50;在微通道板线性工作电压范围内,防离子反馈膜的阈值电压随微通道板工作电压的增加而降低,两者之间遵循反比关系。该研究对提高微通道板在负电子亲和势光电阴极微光像增强器中的使用性能具有重要意义。     

SiO2防离子反馈膜的制备及其性能

防离子反馈膜是一种覆盖在微通道板输入端的Al2O3或SiO2连续超薄膜,该膜对延长微光像管的使用寿命具有重要的作用。首先采用射频磁控溅射方法在0.5～1μm的有机载膜上制备Si薄膜,然后在4～6Pa氧气下放电使其贴敷到微通道板上,同时使Si膜氧化和有机载膜分解,最后在微通道板输入面上形成满足设计要求的SiO2防离子反馈膜。该制膜方法工艺稳定,重复性好,成品率超过90%。给出了有、无薄膜时微通道板的电子透过特性曲线和膜层厚度与死电压间关系曲线。对相同厚度为5nm的SiO2和Al2O3防离子反馈膜的电子透过特性进行了分析和比较,得出了SiO2比Al2O3薄膜对电子透过稍好,相应的死电压分别为220V和255V的结论。结合对膜层电子透过和离子阻止特性的综合分析可以看出,SiO2也是制作微通道板防离子反馈膜较为理想的材料之一。为了定量表征微通道板防离子反馈膜的离子阻止能力,最后指出了防离子反馈膜离子透过率的测量是今后该项研究工作的当务之急。     

微通道板防离子反馈膜运转的有效性

介绍微通道板Ａｌ２Ｏ３防离子反馈膜的离子透过特性试验方法及结果，给出描述离子反馈膜运转有效性的理论表达式。     

防离子反馈膜缺陷对像增强器视场的影响

防离子反馈膜是三代微光像增强器的重要组成部分,其质量对像增强器的寿命和视场起着至关重要的作用。研究了防离子反馈膜质量对像增强器视场的影响。选取具有典型缺陷的防离子反馈微通道板（micro-channel plate,MCP）,对防离子反馈微通道板在工作时的视场和防离子反馈膜质量进行分析,获得了防离子反馈膜的缺陷对微光像增强器工作时视场的影响。分析得到防离子反馈膜制备过程中缺陷产生的原因,并初步提出缺陷的解决方案,对后续制备出高质量防离子反馈膜有着非常积极的作用。     

三代像增强器用微通道板的改进与发展

简要说明了三代像增强器的特点，分析了微通道板的离子反馈形成机理，给出有效抑制离子反馈对光阴极造成伤害的2种方法，即一种是减少和清除微通道板的吸附气体，另一种是阻止反馈离子反馈到光阴极上。介绍了国外最新的三代像增强器，以及使用优化改进的高性能微通道板显著减薄甚至彻底去除微通道板离子反馈膜的方法，该方法能维持砷化镓光阴极足够长的工作寿命，还介绍了最新发展的体导电微通道板和硅微通道板。指出高可靠性无膜选通砷化镓像增强器技术的实现，不仅需要微通道板在抑制离子反馈方面取得突破，还需要砷化镓光阴极在耐受离子反馈能力上进一步提高，同时还要结合和拓展选通电源的应用。     

微通道板防离子反馈膜调制传递函数的研究

研究电子与薄膜的相互作用，给出电子通过薄膜后的角度分布表达式。利用弹性散射电子在薄膜中的空间几率分布密度表达式计算微通道板防离子反馈膜的调制传递函数。     

低磁控溅射率MCP防离子反馈膜工艺研究

为消除反馈正离子对三代微光夜视器件光阴极的有害轰击,提高微光像增强器的工作寿命,开展了低磁控溅射率法沉积微通道板（MCP）Al₂O₃防离子反馈膜的工艺研究。通过优化制备工艺,获得了制备MCP防离子反馈膜的最佳沉积条件：溅射电压1000V,溅射气压(4～5)×10^-2 Pa,沉积速率0.5nm/min等。研究结果表明：在此工艺条件下,能够制备出均匀、致密且通孔满足质量要求的MCP防离子反馈膜。如果偏离这一最佳工艺条件,制备出的MCP防离子反馈膜膜层疏松、不连续,且通孔不能满足要求。     

微通道板离子阻挡膜

微通道板离子阻挡膜在第三代微光像增强器中起着重要作用，本文在分析离子阻挡膜形成原理的基础上，给出实验方案，最后，测量和分析了带膜微通道板的性能。     

电子束蒸镀ＭＣＰ超薄防离子反馈膜及膜层特性分析

为了进行ＭＣＰ超薄防离子反馈膜的性能评价研究,并使这种膜层具有良好离子阻挡能力,利用电子束蒸发方法,在微通道板（ＭＣＰ）输入面上制备一种超薄Ａｌ２Ｏ３防离子反馈膜,其膜层厚度为２ ｎｍ时仍连续致密。通过对Ａｌ２Ｏ３防离子反馈膜的电子透过特性测试,给出２ ｎｍ及４ ｎｍ厚防离子反馈膜对应的死区电压分别约为１５０ Ｖ及２００ Ｖ;利用Ｍｏｎｔｅ-Ｃａｒｌｏ法模拟分析了Ａｌ２Ｏ３防离子反馈膜的离子阻挡特性,２ ｎｍ及４ ｎｍ厚Ａｌ２Ｏ３防离子反馈膜对碳离子等的阻挡率分别高于４０％及８６％,另外对有无膜的ＭＣＰ电特性进行测试,可以看出镀２ ｎｍ及４ ｎｍ厚的膜后,ＭＣＰ电子增益分别降低了５１％及８１％。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.     

Fiber Modal Index Measurements Based on Fiber Gratings

A novel method based on fiber gratings for measuring the effective indices of fiber modes is proposed. The effective index difference between the core mode and a cladding mode was obtained by analyzing the interference fringe of a pair of cascaded long-period fiber gratings. In order to extract the core mode index from the measured index difference, an index matching oil immersion method is proposed. By analyzing the interaction between the cladding mode and the oil applied on the cladding surface, the mode order and the effective index of the involved cladding mode might be calculated. Experimental results about the interference fringe shifts induced by the oil index and the oil-applied length are also presented.     

Optical Pulse Compression Schemes That Use Nonlinear Bragg Gratings

Nonlinear optical pulse compression of picosecond pulses typically requires long lengths of optical fiber and multiple components. Periodic structures, such as fiber Bragg gratings, are highly dispersive at wavelengths outside of the photonic bandgap. This implies that such gratings can be used as very short all-fiber compressors. In this paper a number of such compression schemes are reviewed involving uniform and nonuniform fiber Bragg gratings, relying on both soliton and nonsoliton compression principles. Experimental results supporting the corresponding underlying theory are also presented. Finally, an extension of one of the compression schemes is shown, which allows the generation of adjustable high-repetition rate soliton trains.