Zeeman photoluminescence spectroscopy of isoelectronic beryllium pairs in silicon

Isoelectronic beryllium (Be) pair centers in silicon have been studied by photoluminescence spectroscopy under a magnetic field. The photoluminescence of the bound-exciton recombination at this center shows that the number of Zeeman split peaks is the smallest for the magnetic field applied along a $〈100〉$ direction. This result provides direct evidence that the Be pairs orient themselves in $〈111〉$ directions. The $g$ values of the hole and electron in this bound exciton determined by fitting of the Zeeman diagrams support the shallow acceptor character of this isoelectronic center.     

Comments on the study of the Zeeman effect in SmI

Some recent results on the Zeeman effect in SmI byHeilig et al. are discussed. Using a theoretical analysis of the spectrum of SmI byRacah andGaniel, it is found that some changes in the level assignments are justified.     

Gravitational analog of the Zeeman effect

An equation is obtained for calculating the spin-gravitational interaction analogous to the Zeeman effect.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, Vol. 16, No. 9, pp. 30–33, September, 1973.     

The Zeeman effect in astrophysics

George E. Hale discovered the Zeeman effect in sunspot spectra in 1908, and derived the laws of sunspot polarity. Recent observations of the much weaker (1 to 50 gauss) magnetic fields of the solar photosphere, made with the solar magnetograph, are described. The bearing of these results on circulation in the sun and their consequences for the topology of the sun's magnetic field are mentioned, with reference to the solar cycle and to reversal of the sun's polar field.The problem of measuring the magnetic field of stars is outlined, with reference to instrumental requirements. Spectrographs and crystals are described, together with techniques of measurement of magnetic fields in sharp-line stellar spectra. Results of a systematic program of observations with the 100-inch and 200-inch telescopes are reviewed. All stellar magnetic fields are variable; some are periodic. The strongest yet measured is 34 000 gauss. The magnetic variations are usually related to variations in light, color, line width, and line intensity. Chemical abundance anomalies are common in magnetic stars, and this has led to much work on nuclear reactions in stellar atmospheres, but the phenomena have not been satisfactorily explained. The possible importance of element concentration through paramagnetic migration in strong magnetic field gradients, enhanced by optical pumping, is pointed out.     

Analysis of the Zeeman effect on the energy spectrum in graphenes

An analysis of the Zeeman effect with a strong external magnetic field on the energy spectrum in graphene is presented. In general, the Hamiltonian of graphene in applied electric and magnetic fields is not of SO(1, 2) invariance even in the nearest-neighbor approximation because of the Zeeman coupling. But an approximate SO(1, 2) invariance can be obtained when the applied magnetic field is very strong. This approximate invariance can be used to relate the energy structure of graphene in the presence of both electric and magnetic fields to that when there is only magnetic field. Therefore, it can help explain the recently found quantum Hall conductance (4q ²/h)L for L = 0.1.     

Zeeman effect in the polarization spectroscopy of Na

The Doppler-free polarization spectrum of the D₁ line has been studied in fields of about 50 G and in zero field. Although the principal Zeeman resonances are resolved, the signals are confusing because of the very large number of cross-over resonances. Cross-over resonances also seriously distort well-resolved resonances in zero field. An interpretation is given, based on combining a first-order theory of optical pumping with the theory of Faraday rotation and dischroism.     

Oxidation of silicon: New electron spectroscopy results

New X-ray photoemission spectroscopy data and high resolution electron scattering spectroscopy data are presented which indicate that a peroxide-like model of the oxygen chemisorption on silicon surface is correct. These results are discussed in light of a recent double-bonded oxygen atom model due to Ludeke and Koma.     

基于普通汞灯光源的横向塞曼效应背景校正大气汞检测方法研究

精确的背景校正决定着冷原子吸收法检测痕量汞的检测下限,研究了基于普通汞灯光源的横向塞曼效应背景校正大气汞检测方法.汞灯光源253.65 nm共振谱线在磁场中垂直于磁场方向产生σ-,σ+和π三个线偏振光.利用超高分辨率光谱仪获取不同磁场强度下汞样品池对σ-,σ+和π线偏振光的吸光度,分析横向塞曼效应背景校正方法所需的最小磁场强度;在1.78 T强磁场强度下,分析了窄带吸收气体苯、宽带吸收气体丙酮对横向塞曼效应背景校正大气汞检测方法可能存在的干扰;利用σ-,σ+作为背景光,π线偏振光作为吸收光,对不同长度的饱和汞蒸气样品池测量,精确背景校正后,吸光度拟合曲线R值达到0.99.实验结果表明基于普通汞灯光源的横向塞曼效应背景校正大气汞检测方法可以实现精确背景校正,能够应用于大气环境痕量汞检测.     

Relativistic shift of the linear Zeeman effect

The efficiency with which a magnetic field acts on sublevels of the first and second doublets of a hydrogen-like atom is shown to vary because of relativistic effects by a factor of 1 ? 2γ(l + 1)/(2l + 3) and 1 ? 2γl/(2l ? 1), respectively, where γ is the ratio of the electron binding energy to the rest energy and l is the quantum number of the orbital angular momentum.     

Zeeman effect in dynamic Jahn-Teller impurities

Numerical computations show that Ham's reduction factor q varies between the narrow limits $\text{0.484 <}\text{q}\text{<}\text{1}\text{2}$, for strongly coupled E-states. This means that anisotropic parts of the g-factor and hyperfine splitting depend negligibly on warping of the adiabatic potential.     

塞曼效应实验系统评述

对塞曼效应实验系统各环节的作用、要求和关键作了分析和评述，指出了安排实验中应注意的问题，提出了观察不同谱线塞曼效应的建议．     

Bender-Wu formulas for the Zeeman effect in hydrogen

We review the Bender-Wu theory of the Rayleigh-Schrödinger series in large order and derive the leading term in the Bender-Wu formulas for the perturbation coefficients for the hydrogen Zeeman Hamiltonian.     

Nonlinear interference effect in the Zeeman ion laser

A narrow interference resonance in the power of a single-mode ion laser as a function of the magnetic field is recorded and investigated. The nonlinear interference effect in the Zeeman laser is calculated taking account of Coulomb diffusion in velocity space. The two-photon resonance is found to differ substantially from the diffusion-free case. Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 64, No. 4, 241–246 (25 August 1996)     

Low-temperature diffusion of phosphorus in silicon

Nontrivial mechanisms of low-temperature diffusion of impurities in solids have been discovered recently. We studied accelerated diffusion of phosphorus in a single crystal of silicon, which takes place during decomposition of an over-saturated inhomogeneous solid solution. A thin (1.5–2 m) doped layer was formed by low-temperature diffusion from the gas phase. The distribution profile, which was determined by the method of differential conductivity, shows that heat treatment at 550°C leads to a decrease in the donor concentration in the subsurface region and to the impurity movement into the bulk of the sample. The diffusion coefficient has been calculated on the computer using experimental data, and in the range between 400°C and 700°C has been represented by the Arrhenius equation. The value of the frequency term is equal to 3.7·10^–6 cm²/sec, and the value of the activation energy is 1.81 eV. The presented results have been analyzed, as well as the data obtained from the measurements on carrier mobility (using the Hall effect) and the parameters of the crystal lattice (using the method of asymmetric double crystal x-ray spectrometer). A physical model for the dissociation diffusion is proposed, which is controlled by the decay, and analytical expressions are obtained which describe the main characteristics of the process.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 9, pp. 56–60, September, 1988.     

Zeeman effect in the luminescence spectra of terbium-yttrium-aluminum garnet

The Zeeman effect is investigated in the green luminescence band corresponding to the 4f→4f radiative transition ⁵D₄ → ⁷F₅ of Tb ³⁺ ions in Tb _0.2 Y _2.8 A _l5 O ₁₂ terbium-yttrium-aluminum garnet at the temperature T = 85 K. It is demonstrated that an external field causes not only the Zeeman shifts of the resonant frequencies of radiative transitions in the luminescence spectra but also changes in the emission line intensities caused by modification of the optical transition probabilities in the σ₋ and σ₊ opposite circular polarization states. Special features of field dependences of the Zeeman effect for the emission lines are qualitatively explained based on the results of numerical energy spectrum calculations for the ⁵D₄ and ⁷F₅ multiplets of the Tb ³⁺ ion in yttrium-aluminum garnet in the geometry of the longitudinal and transverse Zeeman effects. The possibility of nonequilibrium population of sublevels of the (Γ₁, Γ₄) quasi-doublet state of the ⁵D₄ multiplet with energy of ∼20585 cm⁻¹ is demonstrated in an external magnetic field. __________ Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 6, pp. 38–45, June, 2008.