Concentric-ring structures in an atmospheric pressure helium dielectric barrier discharge

This paper performs a numerical simulation of concentric-ring discharge structures within the scope of a two-dimensional diffusion--drift model at atmospheric pressure between two parallel circular electrodes covered with thin dielectric layers. With a relative high frequency the discharge structures present different appearances of ring structures within different radii in time due to the evolvement of the filaments. The spontaneous electron density distributions help understanding the formation and development of self-organized discharge structures. During a cycle the electron avalanches are triggered by the electric field strengthened by the feeding voltage and the residual charged particles on the barrier surface deposited in the previous discharges. The accumulation of charges is shown to play a dominant role in the generation and annihilation of the discharge structures. Besides, the rings split and unify to bring and annihilate rings which form a new discharge structure.     

Asymmetry of spontaneous helium radiation in retarded excitation in an electric discharge

The dynamics of formation of optical radiation in spectral lines in a longitudinal nanosecond helium discharge under conditions of wave breakdown is investigated. A discharge tube with a diameter of 0.4 cm and a length of 50 cm was placed in a metallic shield 1 cm in diameter. The gas pressure was varied within 1–60 torr for an amplitude of the voltage pulses of up to 50 kV. Asymmetry of spontaneous radiation recorded from different ends of the discharge tube is detected. This is shown to be a consequence of nonuniform distribution of the functions of the primary brightness of the flux and the absorption coefficient along the tube length. Dagestan State University, 43a, M. Gadzhiev Str., Makhachkala, 367025, Russia. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 66, No. 3, pp. 415–420, May–June, 1999.     

Determination of the concentration of metastable helium atoms in an atmospheric-pressure glow discharge

The spatial distribution of the concentration of metastable helium atoms in the cathode region of an atmospheric-pressure glow discharge in helium is measured by the method of atomic-absorption spectroscopy. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 67, No. 4, pp. 530–533, July–August, 2000.     

Low-current helium discharge at low pressures

On the basis of good knowledge of the energy distribution function of electrons corresponding to the conditions of low-current discharge the electrons as well as the excited helium atoms are balanced. A model of helium atom possessing four excitation levels (2³S, 2¹S, 2³P, 2¹P) is assumed. The calculated volt-ampere characteristic is compared with an experiment and the relative densities of excited atoms are given. For these quantities approximate formulae are derived. The laws of similarity, ionization mechanism and energy balance of the electron gas are discussed.The authors gratefully acknowledge many valuable discussions with Dr. L. Pekárek, Mr. E. Vokatý and Mr. K. Rohlena. We wish to express our thanks to Mr. J. Moudrý for his help in the computation.     

Laser induced excitation transfer in helium glow discharge

Some experimental results on the temporal decay of the fluorescence induced by a resonant laser pulse excitation focused onto a helium gas discharge are presented. In particular, excitation transfer between singlet-singlet and singlet- triplet sub-levels has been studied when 2¹ S → 3¹ P and 2¹ P → 4¹ D transitions of He I are optically pumped.     

Emission properties of an atmospheric-pressure helium plasma jet generated by a barrier discharge

The emission properties of an atmospheric-pressure helium plasma jet generated by a barrier discharge in a capillary blown with helium are studied. The spectral composition of the radiation of the studied plasma jet and the spatial-spectral distribution of its intensity are investigated in detail. It is shown that the emission spectrum of the generated plasma jet outside the capillary consists mainly of electronic-vibrational transitions of the first negative system of ionized nitrogen molecules N ₂ ⁺ (B ²Σ _u ⁺ → X ²Σ _g ⁺ ) and the second positive system of neutral nitrogen molecules N₂(C ³Π _u → B ³Π _g ).     

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采用另加偏压的单阴极弧氦放电直线等离子体装置对氦等离子体的基本特性进行了研究.对氦轴向输运规律做了描述并与光谱测量数据做了定性地比较.实验结果表明,氦等离子体的电子温度与电子密度均随放电电流、约束磁场的增加而增加.氦原子与氦离子的辐射光谱随放电电流、偏压、磁场的变化规律进行了测量分析,同时氦离子对钨靶积分辐照效应进行了观察.这些结果不但提供了氦等离子体的基本特性,对于研究氦离子与面向等离子材料相互作用导致产生气泡、肿胀、脆化损伤等的评估,特别是对将来伴有(n,α)反应时具有一定的参考价值.     

级联弧放电氦等离子体特性研究

采用另加偏压的单阴极弧氦放电直线等离子体装置对氦等离子体的基本特性进行了研究。对氦轴向输运规律做了描述并与光谱测量数据做了定性地比较。实验结果表明,氦等离子体的电子温度与电子密度均随放电电流、约束磁场的增加而增加。氦原子与氦离子的辐射光谱随放电电流、偏压、磁场的变化规律进行了测量分析,同时氦离子对钨靶积分辐照效应进行了观察。这些结果不但提供了氦等离子体的基本特性,对于研究氦离子与面向等离子材料相互作用导致产生气泡、肿胀、脆化损伤等的评估,特别是对将来伴有(n, α)反应时具有一定的参考价值。     

New synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes using an arc discharge technique under organic molecular atmospheres

We have synthesized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) using a DC arc discharge method under organic molecular atmospheres. This method allows us to synthesize about five times more MWNTs than are synthesized using the usual arc discharge method, using discharge conditions of 100 A and 20 V. We have examined the synthetic yield of MWNTs at various pressures under different organic atmospheres. The yield of MWNTs increases with the number of carbon atoms in the organic molecule. Received: 21 September 2000 / Accepted: 18 December 2000 / Published online: 26 April 2001     

Characterizing uniform discharge in atmospheric helium by numerical modelling

One-dimensional fluid model of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in helium at atmospheric pressure was established and the discharge was numerically simulated. It was found that not only the spatial distributions of the internal parameters such as the electric field, the electron density and ion density are similar to those in a low-pressure glow discharge, but also the visually apparent attribute (light emission) is exactly the same as the observable feature of a low-pressure glow discharge. This confirms that the uniform DBD in atmospheric helium is a glow type discharge. The fact that the thickness of the cathode fall layer is about 0.5mm, much longer than that of a normal glow discharge in helium at atmospheric pressure, indicates the discharge being a sub-normal glow discharge close to normal one. The multipulse phenomenon was reproduced in the simulation and a much less complicated explanation for this phenomenon was given.     

Spatio-temporal dynamics of plasma spots in helium surface barrier discharge

The experimental study of plasma spots formation in planar surface barrier discharge system at atmospheric pressure in helium gas is presented. Spatio-temporal patterns of plasma spots are followed by varying the applied voltage and operating gas pressure. These spots melt together at high applied voltage and results in uniform glow discharge. Reduction in operating pressure also results in similar effect. Dynamics of these patterns are discussed in detail.     

氦气空心阴极放电动力学过程的模拟研究

利用流体模型模拟研究了氦气空心阴极放电的时空动力学过程,计算得到了不同放电时刻电子和亚稳态氦原子密度、电势、电场、基态电离速率和分步电离速率等的时空分布特性。特别是讨论了亚稳态原子和分步电离对于放电的影响。结果表明,随着电流的增长,放电处于五个不同的放电模式：第一阶段电流上升非常缓慢,为汤生放电模式,带电粒子密度、亚稳态原子密度和径向电场均很弱;第二阶段电流迅速上升,放电模式由汤生放电向空心阴极放电过渡,带电粒子密度、亚稳态原子密度和径向电场迅速增强;第三阶段达到准稳态阶段,放电电流增长速度变缓,形成了明显的阴极鞘层结构;第四阶段为空心阴极效应形成阶段,向稳态阶段过渡;第五阶段为稳态放电阶段。研究结果同时表明,亚稳态氦原子和分步电离在放电的初始阶段对于放电的发展作用较弱,在前三阶段中,电子的产生以基态电离为主。随着放电的发展,由亚稳态原子引起的分步电离对新的电子产生的作用逐渐接近并超过基态电离,对总电离的贡献率越来越高。     

大气压氦气介质阻挡放电中的周期一不对称放电实验研究

大气压介质阻挡放电不仅具有对称周期一的放电形式, 还会在一定参数下呈现不对称周期一(AP1)放电. 本文采用具有平行电极结构的介质阻挡放电装置, 分别在气隙宽度1 mm, 3 mm, 7 mm和10 mm下的大气压氦气中进行了一系列放电实验, 研究了气隙宽度和外施电压频率对周期一放电对称性的影响. 实验结果表明: 在较宽的气隙宽度和外施电压频率参数区间内可以观察到显著的AP1放电; 气隙宽度越大越容易产生AP1放电, 同一气隙宽度下外施电压频率较高时则相对更容易观察到AP1放电; 随着气隙宽度增加, 首次击穿即呈现AP1 放电的外施电压频率临界值逐渐减小. 本文的研究初步验证了之前关于气隙宽度对AP1放电影响的数值仿真结果, 由此可以推测AP1放电并不只是由系统参数的不对称引起的, 也很可能是一种在一定的气隙宽度和外施电压频率下系统固有的、内在的高频不稳定放电行为. 关键词： 介质阻挡放电 不对称放电