Calibration of centre-of-mass energies at LEP 2for a precise measurement of the W boson mass

The determination of the centre-of-mass energies for all LEP 2 running is presented. Accurate knowledge of these energies is of primary importance to set the absolute energy scale for the measurement of the W boson mass. The beam energy between 80 and 104 GeV is derived from continuous measurements of the magnetic bending field by 16 NMR probes situated in a number of the LEP dipoles. The relationship between the fields measured by the probes and the beam energy is defined in the NMR model, which is calibrated against precise measurements of the average beam energy between 41 and 61 GeV made using the resonant depolarisation technique. The validity of the NMR model is verified by three independent methods: the flux-loop, which is sensitive to the bending field of all the dipoles of LEP; the spectrometer, which determines the energy through measurements of the deflection of the beam in a magnet of known integrated field; and an analysis of the variation of the synchrotron tune with the total RF voltage. To obtain the centre-of-mass energies, corrections are then applied to account for sources of bending field external to the dipoles, and variations in the local beam energy at each interaction point. The relative error on the centre-of-mass energy determination for the majority of LEP 2 running is 1.2 x 10^-4, which is sufficiently precise so as not to introduce a dominant uncertainty on the W mass measurement. Received: 4 August 2004, Revised: 15 December 2004, Published online: 21 January 2005     

Optimum Q-values for the 58Ni(160O,12C) reaction well above the Coulomb barrier

The reaction ⁵⁸Ni(¹⁶O, ¹²C) has been studied at three incident energies, 60, 72 and 81 MeV, for a wide range of scattering angles. The angular and energy dependence of the optimum Q-value has been determined from the data. A simple optimum Q-value model which combines the recoil model of Siemens et al. with a concept of nuclear friction is proposed.     

On the J-dependence of excitation energies in fp-shell nuclei

More than twenty nuclei with A = 52?60 are successfully described by the shell model. The excitation energies show a systematic dependence on the spin J, i.e. when they are plotted versus the spin J a parabola-shaped curve results. This shape can be well explained with statistical assumptions as a consequence of the J-dependence of the dimensions of the configuration space and the J-dependence of the T = 1 part of the two-body interaction.     

Direct measurement of moment mobility and a moment excitation system

Over the years, a number of investigators have tried to solve the problems in the direct measurement of moment mobility. However, no one has found a moment excitation system that can produce a pure and sufficiently powerful moment. In the past, most investigators tried to solve the problem of impurity in moment by tackling the problem in unmatched shakers in a moment exciter. Su and Gibbs (Su J, Gibbs BM. Measurement of point moment mobility in the presence of non-zero cross mobility. Applied Acoustics 1998;54(1):9-26) have indicated theoretically that compromise between the purity and the power of a moment generated by the moment exciter is greatly affected by the output force impedance of the moment excitation system. In this paper, experiments have been conducted to investigate the effect of output force impedance on direct measurement of moment mobility from which theory of Su and Gibbs has been verified. Methods of improvements of the moment exciter have been proposed in order that the moment exciter can generate a pure and sufficiently powerful moment.     

Photoproduction of Φ-mesons at small t-values

The reaction γ + p → Φ + p has been measured using a spark chamber spectrometer and a tagged photon beam in the energy range from 4.6 to 6.7 GeV. Approximately 3500 photoproduced elastic Φ-events have been collected in the t-range between t_min and t = ?0.4 (GeV/c)². Cross sections and t-distributions are presented.     

High-resolution measurement of NMR-ON for191PtFe

NMR-ON measurements on¹⁹¹PtFe were repeated to look for a reported quadrupole splitting effect: a sample annealed at 850°C and measured at 15.1(6) mK gives a spectrum with a single gaussian peak with a line width of 0.39(4) MHz, the narrowest ever observed. The spectrum obtained with another sample annealed at 650°C and measured at 8.3(4) mK resembles one with a quadrupole splitting, but the ratio of the second sub-resonance to the first is inconsisten with the estimation from a model which takes account of a quadrupole splitting and fast relaxation limit. The present study shows the quadrupole splitting ofv _Q (¹⁹¹PtFe)≤0.86 MHz.     

On the Q-condition for fermion N-representability

It is shown that if a 2-particle fermion density operator satisfies the Q-condition for N-representability, then its 1-particle contraction is N-representable. This is an extension of Coleman's theorem to the infinite rank case.     

高精度的光纤衰减系数测试系统的设计

利用常规仪器设备，设计了一套集光、机、电为一体的光纤衰减测量,实现了数字化监测显示，并可与微机接口；采用双光路法，消除了由于光源光强不稳定产生的误差。     

COIL腔镜高反射率精密测量系统的可靠性分析

 利用光腔衰荡光谱技术，建立了氧碘化学激光器腔镜高反射率的精密测量系统。对用直型衰荡光腔时可能影响测量系统精度的各种因素进行了系统的实验研究。采用直型和折叠型衰荡光腔，检测了氧碘化学激光器高反腔镜在1.315μm的反射率。实验测得COIL凹面高反腔镜反射率为99.770％；平面高反镜反射率为99.917%，测量精度约为10^-5。结果表明，该系统可以精密测量氧碘化学激光器腔镜的高反射率，测量结果精确可靠。     

基于超声波飞行时间的温度测量系统实验研究

超声波测量技术具有速度快、成本低、测量范围广等优点,广泛应用于多种工业领域。为满足工业中对温度测量的需求,本文提出了超声波温度测量系统。本系统基于超声波的传播速度与环境温度的关系,以STC12单片机作为系统硬件电路控制核心,采用幅度和相位调制的矩形波作为发射波,实现在恒温箱空气介质中固定距离下的超声波飞行时间的测量,以此确定介质的平均温度。测量数据由单片机传输到上位机进行处理和显示,并与恒温箱热电偶测得的温度对照,验证实验结果。实验结果证明本系统可以准确测量温度,温度范围约在35℃—90℃。     

Automatic system for dynamic control of resonance in high power and high Q ultrasonic transducers

This paper describes the fundamentals, design criteria and electronic structure of a new frequency control system to keep permanently at resonance high Q ultrasonic transducers whose mechanical resonance band may vary within wide limits under normal operating conditions. The procedure developed is based on keeping constant at its zero value the phase of the motional admittance of the transducer by automatically and instantaneously adjusting the frequency of the driving signal provided by a voltage controlled oscillator. The characteristics of this system, especially the fact that the transducer is not an integral part of the feed-back loop of the oscillatory circuit and the frequency tracking mechanism does not depend directly on the magnitude of the motional variables of the transducer, offer some advantages in construction and performance with respect to the conventional motional positive feed-back systems.     

High-resolution time-average electronic holography for vibration measurement

Time-average electronic holography (also known as TV holography) is a widespread technique used in real-time, non-contact, whole-field vibration measurement. The quantitative interpretation of time-averaged fringe patterns is difficult because of speckle noise and of the decreasing visibility of higher-order Bessel fringes. Speckle noise may only be reduced during image acquisition, by multiple-frame averaging.The objective of this paper is to present two new methods allowing to obtain time-averaged fringe patterns presenting a high resolution and a high contrast between dark and bright fringes, as well as the associated quantitative interpretation. They are based on the elimination of the random phase component and on the reduction of the random intensity component of the time-averaged fringe pattern. The fringe patterns obtained by this method may be efficiently filtered in order to provide the precise locations of the Bessel-type fringes associated with the object vibration. The methods rely on the use of the simplest standard equipment, without any need for modulators or stroboscopic devices. Quantitative fringe interpretation is straightforward and based on the method of fringe skeletonizing and indexing. Fringe contrast is so high that skeletonizing may be done by simple thresholding.     

钡原子6s~2、5d~2、6p~2组合的电子相关效应及其组合相互作用

用模型势方法和斯莱特-高登(Slater-Condon)理论计算了钡原子偶宇称6s~2,5d~2,6p~2电子组合、角动量J=0,1,2的双激发能级的激发能和组合相互作用(configuration interaction)。结果表明,6s~2,5d~2和6p~2组合在~1S_0态中强烈地混合,使常规能级标识符号失去意义。另外,我们的结果也从理论上证明了曾引起争议的6p~(21)S_0能级是位于第一电离势之上的自由离能级。     

The g-values of defects in hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon

The anisotropic g-values of defects in hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon prepared by hot-wire chemical vapour deposition have been measured as a function of crystalline volume fraction at room temperature. The defect has been identified as a silicon-dangling bond existing on the surface of crystalline grain. Their anisotropic g-values are discussed in the light of theoretical calculations by Ishii et al. and Ishii and Shimizu. The defect density is also discussed as a function of crystalline volume fraction.     

Neutron binding and excitation energies of some Pb isotopes

The intrinsic quadrupole moment of¹⁷⁶Lu has been determined by Coulomb excitation with α-particles to be 6.98±0.10 b. Evidence for a new level at approximately 578 keV with presumably collective structure is presented.     

Shell effects in a paired nucleus for finite excitation energies

Shell effects are considered as functions of the excitation energy of the nucleus. The effects of pairing are included and studied in the BCS approximation. Some numerical results, based on the single-particle spectrum of a Woods-Saxon potential, are given. In the limit of zero excitation the shell correction to the energy is compared with the results obtained by the Strutinsky method.     

System for precise measurement in inverse Raman spectroscopy

A system for precise measurement was developed for inverse Raman spectroscopy, using a cw argon laser and a pulsed dye laser pumped by a YAG laser. The frequency accuracy was assured by monitoring the frequency of both of the lasers with an iodine fluorescence cell or a Fabry-Perot etalon dynamically calibrated by a stabilized HeNe laser. The spectrometer system employed a digitally controlled mechanism to handle the complicated measurement procedure and hence to reduce the overall measurement time. The performance of the system was tested by measuring the CH₄ v₁ lines and the H₂ Q(1) line.     

High-resolution confocal microscopy by saturated excitation of fluorescence

We demonstrate the use of saturated excitation in confocal fluorescence microscopy to improve the spatial resolution. In the proposed technique, we modulate the excitation intensity temporally and detect the harmonic modulation of the fluorescence signal which is caused by the saturated excitation in the center of the laser focus. Theoretical and experimental investigations show that the demodulated fluorescence signal is nonlinearly proportional to the excitation intensity and contributes to improve the spatial resolution in three dimensions beyond the diffraction limit of light.