Coriolis intensity perturbations in the SO2 molecule: Experimental determination of the relative signs of (∂μ∂Qi)

The Coriolis interactions between ν₁ and ν₃, and between ν₂ and ν₃ in SO₂ have been analyzed to obtain the signs of the products $\text{ζ}{}_{3.1}{}^{\mathrm{c}}\text{(}\text{?μ}{}^{\mathrm{a}}\text{?Q}{}_3\text{)(}\text{?μ}{}^{\mathrm{b}}\text{?Q}{}_1\text{)}$ and $\text{ζ}{}_{3.2}{}^{\mathrm{c}}\text{(}\text{?μ}{}^{\mathrm{a}}\text{?Q}{}_3\text{)(}\text{?μ}{}^{\mathrm{b}}\text{?Q}{}_2\text{)}$. It has been found that both of the signs of these products are positive. Then, relative signs of ($\text{?μ}\text{?Q}{}_1$) have been determined using the calculated values of the Coriolis zeta constants for the present definition of the normal coordinates. The obtained sign combination of ($\text{?μ}\text{?Q}{}_{\mathrm{i}}$) is ±(+?+), which agrees with the one predicted by the molecular orbital calculations. Using the sign combination (+?+), the polar tensors of S and O atoms were also calculated.     

Nuclear magnetic moment of the 9.7 h 12− isomer 196mAu

The magnetic hyperfine splitting v_M=|gμ_NB_HF/h| of ^196mAu (j^π=12^?; configuration ¦(π$\text{11}\text{2}$($\text{v}\text{13}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{)〉}{}_{12}{}^{\mathrm{?}}$; $\text{T}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{= 9.7}\text{h}\text{)}$ as dilute impurity in Ni has been determined with nuclear magnetic resonance on oriented nuclei as 96.0(2) MHz. With the known hyperfine field B_HF = ?264.4(3.9) kG corrected for hyperfine anomalies the g-factor and magnetic moment of ^196mAu are deduced to be |g| = 0.476(7) and |μ| = 5.72(8) μ_N. Taking into account the known magnetic properties of $\text{π}\text{1}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{?}}$ and $\text{v}\text{13}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{+}}$ isomeric states in the neighbouring odd Pt, Au and Hg nuclei the structure of the 12^? state is discussed.     

Study of the photon spectrum in the decay KS0→π+π−γ

The branching ratio $\text{Λ(}\text{K}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>S</mtext>}}{}^0\text{→π}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{π}{}^{\mathrm{?}}\text{γ)}\text{Λ(}\text{K}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>S</mtext>}}{}^0\text{→π}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{π}{}^{\mathrm{?}}\text{)}$ has been determined to be (2.68±0.15)×10^?3 for photon energies $\text{E}{}_{\mathrm{\gamma }}{}^1$ greater than 50 MeV in the K_S⁰ rest frame. The decay K_S⁰→π⁺π^?γ is found to be dominated by the internal bremsstrahlung transition. The branching rato of a possible direct transition is found to be less than 0.06 × 10^?3 at 90% confidence level for $\text{E}{}_{\mathrm{\gamma }}{}^1\text{> 50}\text{MeV}$.     

Determination of the spectroscopic quadrupole moments of 131Cs, 132Cs and 136Cs

Nuclear spectroscopic quadrupole moments of the radioactive isotopes ¹³¹Cs, ¹³²Cs, and ¹³⁶Cs have been determined from the hyperfine structure of the $\text{6}{}^2\text{P}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}$ state by the level crossing method. The results including a Sternheimer correction are: $\text{Q}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>s</mtext>}}\text{(}{}^{131}\text{Cs}\text{) = ?0.625(6)}\text{b}$, $\text{Q}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>s</mtext>}}\text{(}{}^{132}\text{Cs}\text{) = +0.508(7)}\text{b}$, $\text{Q}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>s</mtext>}}\text{(}{}^{136}\text{Cs}\text{) = +0.225(10)}\text{b}$. The quadrupole moments of all the Cs isotopes from A = 131 to A = 137 are recalculated. It is shown, that nuclear quadrupole moments of a specific isotope obtained from different atomic P-states only agree within the limits of error after application of the Sternheimer correction. The increase of Q_s with decreasing neutron number conforms with other observations and theoretical calculations stating that for elements around Z = 55 nuclear deformation develops below N = 82. The staggering of the sign of Q_s may be interpreted as consequence of an oblate-prolate degeneracy of the nuclear energy surface. Some magnetic moments have been slightly improved: $\text{μ}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>I</mtext>}}\text{(}{}^{132}\text{Cs}\text{) = 2.219(7) μ}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>N</mtext>}}$, $\text{μ}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>I</mtext>}}\text{(}{}^{136}\text{Cs}\text{) = 3.705(15)μ}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>N</mtext>}}$ (corrected for diamagnetism).     

Magnetic moment of the 72+[404] ground state of 10.5 h 175Ta

The magnetic hyperfine splitting ν_M = |gμ_NB_HF/h| of ${}^{175}\text{Ta}\text{(J}{}^{\mathrm{\pi }}\text{=}\text{7}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{+}}$; $\text{T}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{= 10.5}\text{h}\text{)}$ in Fe has been measured with the technique of nuclear magnetic resonance on oriented nuclei as 320.4(1) MHz. With the known hyperfine field $\text{B}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>HF</mtext>}}\text{(}\text{Ta}\text{Fe}\text{) = ?648(13)}\text{kG}$ the magnetic moment of the $\text{7}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{[404]}$ ground state of ¹⁷⁵Ta is deduced to be $\text{¦μ¦ = 2.27(5)μ}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>N</mtext>}}$.     

Signatures of neutral heavy leptons in neutrino-induced dilepton events

The tentative indication in some experiments of μ^?e⁺ or π^?μ⁺ events with unusual characteristics revives the speculation that neutrino-induced dileptons may contain a weak signal of neutral heavy lepton (L⁰) production. We study the characteristics of dileptons expected from the production of an L⁰ through a current of the form $\text{L}{}^0\text{γ}{}_{\mathrm{\alpha }}\text{(1+γ}{}_5\text{)ν}{}_{\mathrm{\mu }}$. Both quasi-elastic and deep inelastic excitation are investigated and a comparison is made with dileptons of charm origin. As an illustration of a model with a ν_μ→L⁰ transition, we discuss the 2-2 version of the SU(2) × U(1) model and comment on the role of the Higgs particle in such transitions.     

Measurement of the νμ and νμ nucleon charged-current total cross sections,and the ratio of νμ neutron to νμ proton charged-current total cross sections

The total ν_μ and $\text{ν}{}_{\mathrm{\mu }}$ nucleon charged-current cross sections have been measured in BEBC filled with deuterium and exposed to the wide-band neutrino and antineutrino beams at the CERN-SPS. Assuming a linear energy dependence for the cross sections, σ = aE(?_ν, we obtained the coefficients , where the quoted error is mainly systematic. The ratio of the cross sections is $\text{σ}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>\nu </mtext><mtext>N</mtext>}}\text{/σ}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>\nu </mtext><mtext>N</mtext>}}\text{= 0.53 ± 0.03}$.We also determined the ratio of the charged-current cross section for neutrino interactions on neutrons and protons R = σ_νn/σ_νp = 2.10 ± 0.08 (statistical) ±0.22 (sysetmatic). The dependence of R on the variables x, y and E_ν is discussed.     

Dual parton model and the photoproduction of pseudoscalar and vector mesons in the high energy region

On the basis of the dynamical dual model of strong interactions followed from the parton model of hadrons as discussed in an earlier paper, we study here the photo-production of pseudoscalar and vector mesons in the high energy region. To incorporate the concept of duality, it is taken that any two spin $\text{1}\text{2}$ pointlike constituents (partons) can form a π-meson cluster in the structure of a nucleon and the basic interaction involved in MB scattering is the interaction of the incident meson with the π meson in the structure of the nucleon. In this scheme, the amplitudes for the photoproduction of mesons such as γN → Nπ, γN → N?, and γN → Nω in the high energy region can be related with the amplitudes for the process γπ → ππ, γπ → π?, and γπ → πω, respectively. To calculate the amplitudes for the relevant process we also consider a factor corresponding to the structural rearrangement of partons involved in duality diagrams. To obtain the cross sections, we take into account the photon-vector meson analogy, though the naive form of the vector dominance model (VDM) has not been considered here. From a knowledge of the coupling constants $\text{γ?}{}^2\text{4π}$, $\text{γω}{}^2\text{?π}$, , and we obtain the differential cross sections which are in excellent agreement with experimental results. Also we obtain a good fit for the scattering process γN → Nπ at backward angles. For the vector meson production processes, we have contributions from the diffraction mechanism also apart from the amplitudes considered here. In the region where the contribution from the diffraction part is negligible, we obtain the relation

which is in nice agreement with experiments. Finally, it is shown that, though the vector meson dominance is not considered here, the universality of the vector meson coupling with hadrons follows directly from the present model.     

The irreducible Raman scattering tensor operator for the 32 crystallographic point groups and its application to the resonance and electronic Raman effect

The irreducible components of the Raman scattering tensor operator $\text{α}\text{?}{}_{\mathrm{\gamma }}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>\Gamma </mtext>}}\text{(}\text{Γ}{}_{\mathrm{ks}}\text{Γ}{}_{\mathrm{k\prime s\prime }}\text{)}$ under the symmetry of a general point group are calculated. The unitary transformations U(Γ_γΓ_ksΓ_k′s′, ρσ) from the Cartesian $\text{α}\text{?}{}_{\mathrm{\rho \sigma }}$ and spherical $\text{α}\text{?}{}_{\mathrm{Q}}{}^{\mathrm{K}}$ components, respectively, to the irreducible components $\text{α}\text{?}{}_{\mathrm{\gamma }}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>\Gamma </mtext>}}\text{(}\text{Γ}{}_{\mathrm{ks}}\text{Γ}{}_{\mathrm{k\prime s\prime }}\text{)}$ for the 32 crystallographic point groups are collected in tables. As an example the unitary transformation U(Γ_γΓ_ksΓ_k′s′, ρσ) is used to discuss the behavior of the scattering tensor in a resonance Raman experiment. With the help of the general formalism the scattering tensor for electronic Raman transitions of transition metal ions is calculated. As an example the scattering tensors of electronic Raman transitions within the ⁵T₂ state of the high-spin trigonal distorted octahedral Fe²⁺ are calculated and the refinement of the selection rules is discussed.     

Valence band parameters and free exciton reduced mass of zinc telluride derived from free exciton magnetoreflectance

Reflectance spectra were measured on ZnTe in magnetic fields up to 18 T for B ? [100] and B ? [110]. The experiments yield renormalized valence band parameters $\text{γ}{}^1{}_2\text{= 0.83 ± 0.08}$ and $\text{γ}{}^1{}_3\text{= 1.30 ± 0.12}$, corresponding to bare parameters γ₂ = 0.95 ± 0.09 and γ₃ = 1.48 ± 0.14. From the free exciton Rydberg energy $\text{R}{}^1{}_0\text{= 12.8}\text{meV}$ we derive a reduced exciton polaron mass m₀ 0.080 ± 0.005 and a bare reduced mass m₀ 0.074 ± 0.005, corresponding to $\text{γ}{}^1{}_1\text{= 3.9 ± 0.7}$ and γ₁ = 4.4 ± 0.7 for an electron effective polaron mass $\text{m}{}^1{}_{\mathrm{e}}\text{= 0.116 m}{}_0$. We further calculate the exciton diamagnetic shift rate according to existing low-field theories modified by a variational calculation taking into account polaron effects and valid up to γ ? 1. The difference between experiment and theory is 10% and the agreement is considered satisfactory.     

Determination of molecular constants of nitric oxide from (1-0), (2-0), (3-0) bands of the 15N16O and 15N18O isotopic species

The (1-0), (2-0), and (3-0) transitions of ¹⁵N¹⁶O and ¹⁵N¹⁸O are investigated. The wavenumbers of the rotation-vibration lines are reported for the overtone bands and the ${}^2\text{Π}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{-}{}^2\text{Π}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}$ (1-0) subband. It is shown that in the data reduction it is advantageous to calculate first merged spectroscopic constants ignoring the Λ-type doubling. The vibrational constants ω_e, ω_ex_e, ω_ey_e and the vibrational dependence of the rotational constants are determined. The study of ¹⁵N¹⁸O allows the determination of the equilibrium values of the centrifugal distortion correction A_De to the spin-orbit constant and of the spin-rotation constant γ_e from the isotopic invariance of the ratios $\text{A}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>De</mtext>}}\text{B}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>e</mtext>}}$ and $\text{γ}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>e</mtext>}}\text{B}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>e</mtext>}}$. It is found that $\text{A}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>De</mtext>}}\text{B}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>e</mtext>}}\text{= (?3.9 ± 1.3) × 10}{}^{\mathrm{?6}}$ and $\text{γ}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>e</mtext>}}\text{B}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>e</mtext>}}\text{= (?4.00 ± 0.05) × 10}{}^{\mathrm{?3}}$.     

Experimental limits on the mass and decay lifetime of νμ

The nonobservation of photon-induced e⁺e^? pairs pointing in the neutrino beam direction in large bubble chambers would allow one to set an upper limit on the product m_νμλ^CM for muon-type neutrinos, where m_νμ is the mass and λ^CM is the intrinsic partial decay width in sec^?1 for ν_μ→γ+X. In the theory of Eliezer and Ross where , this implies an upper limit on m_νμ considerably smaller than the present upper limit, and a large lower limit on the lifetime τ_νμ.     

Quasiclassical mobility for extrinsic semiconductors

A quasiclassical formulation for mobility in extrinsic semiconductors is presented based on scattering from ionized impurity atoms. Quantum theory enters the otherwise classical Chapman-Enskog expansion of the Boltzmann equation through incorporation of the Thomas-Fermi interaction potential together with the Bom approximation for evaluation of scattering integrals. The following expression results for mobility μ_i, (cgs):

$\text{μ}{}_{\mathrm{i}}\text{3}\text{2}\text{?}{}^2\text{n}{}_{\mathrm{s}}\text{e}{}^3\text{m}{}^1\text{2}\text{2}\text{k}{}_{\mathrm{B}}\text{T}\text{2φ}\text{3}\text{2}\text{1}\text{f(γ)}$

,

$\text{f(γ)=[(1+γ)e}{}^{\mathrm{\gamma }}\text{E}{}_1\text{(γ)?1]}$

, where n_s is impurity concentration, m¹ is effective mass, E₁(γ) is the exponential integral, ? is dielectric constant and γ is dimensionless Thomas-Fermi energy. The structure of the dimensional factor in the preceding expression for μ_i agrees with previous expressions for this parameter.     

Multiplicity distributions and double-scattering effects in π−d interactions at 360 GeV/c

Double-scattering effects are studied in π^?d interactions at 360 GeV/c. The partial cross sections $\text{σ}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>N</mtext>}}\text{(π}{}^{\mathrm{?}}\text{d}\text{), σ}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>N</mtext>}}\text{(“π}{}^{\mathrm{?}}\text{p}\text{”)}\text{and}\text{σ}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>N</mtext>}}\text{(“π}{}^{\mathrm{?}}\text{n}\text{”)}$ are presented. The double-scattering probability per πd collision is found to be $\text{? = 0.15 ± 0.02}$. We have extracted the partial cross section X_N of the double-scattering plus interference contributions, and find that X_N obeys KNO scaling. The data are compared with various theoretical predictions.     

Gravitational collapse in quantum mechanics with relativistic kinetic energy

It is proved that the quantum mechanical Hamiltonian $\text{H = Σ}{}_{\mathrm{i=1}}{}^{\mathrm{N}}\text{(p}{}^2\text{+ m}{}^2\text{)}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{? κ Σ}{}_{\mathrm{i>j}}\text{|x}{}_{\mathrm{i}}\text{? x}{}_{\mathrm{j}}\text{|}{}^{\mathrm{?1}}$ for bosons (resp, fermions) is bounded from below if N ≤ c_bκ^?1 (resp. $\text{N ≤ c}{}_{\mathrm{f}}\text{κ}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>?3</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}$). H is unbounded from below if N ≥ c_b^lκ^?1 (resp. $\text{N ≥ c}{}_{\mathrm{f}}{}^{\mathrm{l}}\text{κ}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>?3</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}$). The constants c_b and c_b^l (resp. c_f and c_f^l) differ by about a factor 2 (resp. 4).     

Magnetic order induced birefringence and critical behaviour of the long range order parameter in NiO

The optical linear magnetic birefringence of single-domain NiO crystals was measured at temperatures above and below the antiferromagnetic phase transition. The analysis of the experimental data yield a Néel temperature of T_N = (523.7 ± 0.2)K and a critical exponent β = 0.325^+0.01_-0.02 which determines the temperature behaviour of the magnetic long range order parameter $\text{S}\text{?}\text{～ (}\text{1?T}\text{T}{}_{\mathrm{N}}\text{)}{}^{\mathrm{\beta }}$. This critical behaviour of S? is found to be continued to temperatures well below T_N.     

Nuclear magnetic moment of the 3.9 s112− isomer 193mAu

The magnetic hyperfine splitting ν_M = |gμ_NB_HF/h| of ${}^{\mathrm{<mtext>193</mtext><mtext>m</mtext>}}\text{Au}\text{(j}{}^{\mathrm{\pi }}\text{=}\text{11}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{?}}\text{, E = 290}\text{keV}$; $\text{T}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{= 3.9}\text{s}\text{)}$ as a dilute impurity in Ni has been measured with nuclear magnetic resonance on oriented nuclei as 226.4(2) MHz. With the known hyperfine field B_HF = ?264.4(3.9) kG corrected for hyperfine anomalies the g-factor and magnetic moment of ^193mAu are deduced to be |g| = 1.123(17) and |μ| = 6.18(9) μ_N.     

Measurement of the parameter η&#x0304; in the radiative decay of the muon as a test of the v-a structure of the weak interaction

The parameter η&#x0304; of muon decay has been measured in the radiative decay $\text{μ}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{→}\text{e}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{ν}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>e</mtext>}}\text{ν}\text{?}{}_{\mathrm{\mu }}\text{γ}$ of unpolarized positive muons. The result $\text{η}\text{?}\text{?0.083}$ (68% confidence) or $\text{η}\text{?}\text{= ?0.03±0.10}$ with ρ fixed at $\text{3}\text{4}$ yields an improvement of the previous value by more than a factor of two. An analysis of all data on muon decay that are presently available slightly improves the constraints on the weak coupling constants to: g_s?0.29g_v, g_p?0.27g_v, g_T?0.23g_v and 0.92g_v?g_A?1.2g_v     

Supersymmetric regulators and supercurrent anomalies

The supercurrent anomalies of the supercurrent $\text{S}$_μ of the supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory in Wess-Zumino gauge are computed using the supersymmetric dimensional regulator of Siegel. It is shown that $\text{γ}{}_{\mathrm{\mu }}\text{S}{}^{\mathrm{\mu }}\text{=0}$ and $\text{?}{}_{\mathrm{\mu }}\text{S}{}^{\mathrm{\mu }}\text{≠0}$ in agreement with an earlier calculation based on the Adler-Rosenberg method. The problem of exhibiting the chiral anomaly and a regulator for local supersymmetry suggests that the interpretation of dimensional reduction in component language is incomplete.     

Measurement of the nuclear magnetic dipole moments of 177Hf and 179Hf with the atomic beam magnetic resonance method

The nuclear ground-state magnetic dipole moments of ¹⁷⁷Hf and ¹⁷⁹Hf have been determined with the atomic beam magnetic resonance method. The results are: $\text{μ}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>I</mtext>}}\text{(}{}^{177}\text{Hf}\text{= 0.7836(6)μ}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>N</mtext>}}\text{, μ}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>I</mtext>}}\text{(}{}^{179}\text{Hf) = ?0.6329(13) μ}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>N</mtext>}}$ (uncorrected for diamagnetic shielding).