椭偏法测量云母波片相位延迟量及双折射率(英文)

为了得到云母波片的相位延迟量和双折射率随波长的变化关系,利用椭偏光谱仪连续测量了云母波片在400～770nm光谱范围内的延迟量.在对云母波片进行校准后,测量的数据被光电探测器收集并输送到计算机,根据输出的数据可以得到云母波片的相位延迟量随波长的变化.利用测得的延迟量计算出了云母波片在一定光谱范围内的双折射率,得到了云母波片的双折射率色散曲线,并通过拟合得到了双折射率色散公式.该方法能测量任意波片的相位延迟量,并且具有测量方便、周期短、精度高等特点.     

云母晶体双折射率色散特性的研究

针对云母晶体材料本身性质所决定的双折射率色散关系不一致性,给波片设计带来非常不利的影响,提出偏光干涉法研究云母的色散特性.即由分光光度计测量出云母晶体的偏光干涉谱,通过对干涉谱极值点所对应波长的精确判断,准确计算出极值点的最大双折射率,获得从紫外至近红外光波段云母晶体的双折射率色散曲线,经多项式拟合数据处理,得到任意波长的双折射率色散公式.为求解不同温度任意波长的云母晶体双折射率提供了一种精确简单的方法,对云母晶体器件的设计与使用有重要的理论依据和参考价值.     

Heteroepitaxial growth of gallium nitride on muscovite mica plates by pulsed laser deposition

We have grown GaN films on mica substrates using pulsed laser deposition for the first time and investigated their structural properties using electron beam and X-ray diffraction. We found that GaN (000-1) grows on mica (001) with an in-plane alignment of [11-20] GaN//[010] mica. Despite the large lattice mismatch between GaN and mica, 6 and 43% along the [100] mica and [010] mica directions, respectively, cubic GaN phase or 30° rotated domains are scarcely observed in the film. This phenomenon can be attributed to the enhanced surface migration of film precursors due to the large atomically flat terraces and the weak Van der Waals bonding on the mica surface.     

Thin-film solid-state proton NMR measurements using a synthetic mica substrate: Polymer blends

Solid-state proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements are performed successfully on polymer blend thin films through the use of synthetic mica as a substrate. When used as a substrate, synthetic fluorophlogopite mica with its proton-free, diamagnetic character, allows for adequate measurement sensitivity while minimally perturbing the proton thin-film spectra, especially relative to more commonly available natural micas. Specifically, we use multiple-pulse techniques in the presence of magic-angle spinning to measure the degree of mixing in two different polymer blend thin films, polystyrene/poly(xylylene ether) and poly(1-methyladamantyl methacrylate) (PMAdMA)/triphenylsulfonium perfluorobutanesulfonate (TPS-PFBS), spin-coated onto mica substrates. Our earlier studies had focused on bulk systems where NMR signals are stronger, but may not be representative of thin films of the same systems that are relevant to many applications such as photoresist formulations in the electronics industry. The superiority of synthetic over natural paramagnetic mica is demonstrated by the maintenance of resolution and spinning sideband intensities (relative to bulk samples) for the synthetic mica samples. In contrast, degraded resolution and large spinning sidebands are shown to typify spectra of the natural mica samples. This approach can be applied to many other proton measurements of solid thin films, thereby greatly extending the types of systems to be investigated. Magnetic susceptibility measurements are also reported for all micas used.     

面向快速原型的工业CT图像内外轮廓自适应判别方法

为了实现工业CT切片图像内外轮廓的准确、快速判别,提出了工业CT切片图像内外轮廓的自适应判别方法。该方法能根据轮廓的凸凹性特征自动选取相应的内外轮廓判别方法:首先对单像素宽封闭轮廓的凸凹性进行判断,然后对存在凹点的切片轮廓采用射线法进行内外轮廓判别,不存在凹点的切片轮廓则采用坐标极值法进行判别。实验结果表明,该方法提高了自动判别程度,扩大了轮廓判别的适用范围,提高了判别质量和效率。在面向快速原型制造的具有复杂内部结构的大批量内外轮廓判别时,该方法具有优势。     

Structural modification in swift heavy ion irradiated muscovite mica

Two-layer monoclinic(2 M) muscovite mica sheets with a thickness of 12 μm are irradiated with Sn ions at room temperature with electronic energy loss( dE/dx)_e of 14.7 keV/nm. The ion fluence is varied between 1×10~(11) and1×10~(13) ions/cm~2. Structural transition in irradiated mica is investigated by x-ray diffraction(XRD). The main diffraction peaks shift to the high angles, and the inter-planar distance decreases due to swift heavy ion(SHI) irradiation. Dehydration takes place in mica during SHI irradiation and mica with one-layer monoclinic(1 M) structure is thought to be generated in 2 M mica after SHI irradiation. In addition, micro stress and damage cross section in irradiated mica are analyzed according to XRD data. High resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM) is used on the irradiated mica to obtain the detailed information about the latent tracks and structural modifications directly. The latent track in mica presents an amorphous zone surrounded by strain contrast shell, which is associated with the residual stress in irradiated mica.     

Observation of the mica surface by atomic force microscopy

Freshly cleaved mica and a mica surface treated with pure water and dilute-salt solution have been investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). On the bare mica surface (after repeated scanning), small dots and islands were observed. The disappearance of these dots and islands has also been captured by AFM. We believe these structures to be condensed water. The water meniscus between AFM tip and mica surface is considered as the source of this water structure. On the mica surface treated with pure water and dilute-salt solution, network structures are frequently observed by AFM.     

Spherically bent mica analyzers as universal dispersing elements for X-ray spectroscopy

Spherically-bent crystal analyzers (SBCAs) see considerable use in very high-resolution hard X-ray wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, often called X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES). While Si and Ge are the most frequently used diffractive components of SBCAs, we consider here the somewhat classical choice of muscovite mica as the dispersing element. We find that the various harmonics of a highest-quality mica-based SBCA show ~5–~40% of the integral reflectivity per unit solid angle of a typical Si or Ge SBCA in the hard X-ray range, and that the mica SBCA have comparable energy resolution to the traditional SBCAs. Interestingly, the choice of mica comes with a practical benefit: the primary (0,0,2) reflection has sufficiently strong harmonics that are fairly tightly spaced in energy so that they span the complete energy range from ~4 to ~11 keV when used at convenient Bragg angles in a Rowland circle spectrometer. Hence, a single mica SBCA can be used for every K-shell emission line of three dimensional transition metals and every L-shell emission line of the lanthanide elements simply by selecting the correct mica (0,0,2) harmonic with a final energy-dispersive solid state detector. The loss in efficiency is counteracted by an operational efficiency, i.e., the “universal” application of a single analyzer over a very large range of elements. This performance suggests future application of mica SBCAs in both laboratory-based XES and synchrotron-based photon-in, photon-out spectroscopies in the hard X-ray range.     

Chironomic stylization of intonation

Intonation stylization is studied using "chironomy," i.e., the analogy between hand gestures and prosodic movements. An intonation mimicking paradigm is used. The task of the ten subjects is to copy the intonation pattern of sentences with the help of a stylus on a graphic tablet, using a system for real-time manual intonation modification. Gestural imitation is compared to vocal imitation of the same sentences (seven for a male speaker, seven for a female speaker). Distance measures between gestural copies, vocal imitations, and original sentences are computed for performance assessment. Perceptual testing is also used for assessing the quality of gestural copies. The perceptual difference between natural and stylized contours is measured using a mean opinion score paradigm for 15 subjects. The results indicate that intonation contours can be stylized with accuracy by chironomic imitation. The results of vocal imitation and chironomic imitation are comparable, but subjects show better imitation results in vocal imitation. The best stylized contours using chironomy seems perceptually indistinguishable or almost indistinguishable from natural contours, particularly for female speech. This indicates that chironomic stylization is effective, and that hand movements can be analogous to intonation movements.     

利用白光干涉谱测定云母片的快慢轴

白光照射到透明云母薄片时,后侧内表面产生的反射光与入射光会在云母片的前表面发生干涉.利用光谱仪可以观察到由于干涉而形成的条状光谱.改变入射光的偏振方向,可以观察到由于云母薄片双折射特性引起的干涉条纹的移动.根据条纹移动的方向,可以判定出云母片两正交的光轴方向上折射率的差异,从而判定出其快轴和慢轴.     

Phase transition for Ising frustration potentials

A frustration potential is a sum of interactions the terms of which are not simultaneously minimized even in the ground-state spin configurations. Ising models with such potentials can be discussed by the use of contours. The Peierls condition for the phase transition can be properly generalized, taking into account the presence of zero-energy contours. Frustration has some special features in two dimensions, which we study in detail. The connection with models of spin-glasses is discussed.     

云母/交联聚苯乙烯复合材料制备及沿面闪络性能

交联聚苯乙烯具有优异的电气性能、力学性能和可加工性能,已作为高压绝缘材料得到了重要应用。随着脉冲功率技术向小型化方向发展,对交联聚苯乙烯真空沿面闪络性能提出了更高要求。以苯乙烯为单体,二乙烯基苯为交联剂,偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,采用超声波分散技术将不同质量分数的云母均匀分散于溶液体系中,通过原位自由基聚合制备出云母/交联聚苯乙烯复合材料。采用红外光谱、电子扫描显微镜等对材料组成和形貌进行了表征,采用短脉冲高压测试平台研究了云母对交联聚苯乙烯真空沿面闪络性能的影响。结果表明,当云母质量分数低于5%时,复合材料中云母为均匀分散状态,随着掺杂量进一步提升,出现了明显的团聚现象;当云母质量分数为3.5%~5%之间时,真空沿面闪络击穿电压和耐电寿命较交联聚苯乙烯得到了明显提升。     

Adaptation of video moiré techniques to undersea mapping and surface shape determination

Fixed and variable resolution video moiré techniques have been used to project structured illumination in a model undersea environment and a prototype system has been developed which generates equal depth contours of undersea objects and has applications in sizing, orientation and ranging. An advantage of this system is that the entire field is continously illuminated, and the moiré contours and images are formed at video rates. The spatial frequency of the structured illumination can be continously varied, providing optimal contours for a variety of object sizes. The data can be easily interpreted by eye or processed by computer to obtain surface shape, range and orientation of a known structure.     

四川白云母薄膜的结构特性

本文介绍了使用透射式电子显微镜和扫描电子显微镜研究厚度约为300—1000?的四川甲级白云母薄膜的结构和成分组成,结论是这种白云母薄膜具有相当完善的单晶结构特性,没有检测到存在什么杂质,但在某些区域存在图2—4所表明的缺陷。云母薄膜可以作为基底材料,在其上沉积或生长具有较大晶粒的其他薄膜。 关键词：     

Nanoscopic surface patterns of diblock copolymer thin films

The surface topography of thin diblock copolymer films is studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM). With AFM an island-to-ribbon transition is observed for symmetric polystyrene-b-poly (4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) on mica with increasing solution concentration. Our study also demonstrates how the formation of the pattern strongly depends on the copolymer composition based on the volume fraction. The substrate and solvent used both have great effects on the morphology of the thin films. Only by using highly polar substrate (mica), can we gain regular pattern. The reason why the regular islands cannot be obtained with symmetric PS-b-P4VP on graphite is also explained. On mica using nonselective and selective solvents, a rather regular pattern can be obtained. The difference is only in the solution concentration for forming regular patterns.     

Controlled assembly of DNA nanostructures on silanized silicon and mica surfaces for future molecular devices

In order to establish key technology for future molecular devices, we have explored the assembly behaviour of λ-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules adsorbed on silanized mica and silanized oxide silicon surfaces by using atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM experiments show that λ-DNA molecules can be hardly adsorbed on untreated mica and oxidized silicon surfaces, but can be strongly adsorbed onto aminosilanized mica and oxidized silicon surfaces. Importantly, DNA molecules can be assembled into linear DNA alignment, and can also self-assemble into various network structures on the silanized surfaces. Our experimental observations have demonstrated the feasibility of assembling DNA-based nanostructures by varying surface chemistry of substrates, and offer useful clues in constructing DNA-based nanodevices for nanoelectronics and biomolecular computation as well as quantum computation.     

Synthesis and silica coating of calcia-doped ceria/mica nanocomposite by seeded polymerization technique

Calcia-doped ceria is of potential interest as an ultraviolet (UV) radiation blocking material in personal care products because of the excellent UV light absorption property and low catalytic ability for the oxidation of organic materials superior to undoped ceria. In order to reduce the oxidation catalytic activity further, calcia-doped ceria was coated with amorphous silica by means of seeded polymerization technique. Generally, nanoparticles of inorganic materials do not provide a good coverage for human skin because of the agglomeration of the particles. The platy particles are required to enhance the covering ability of inorganic materials. This can be accomplished by synthesis of calcia-doped ceria/mica nanocomposite with subsequent silica coating to control catalytic activity of calcia-doped ceria. Calcia-doped ceria/mica nanocomposite was prepared by soft solution chemical method followed by silica coating via seeded polymerization technique. Silica coated calcia-doped ceria/mica nanocomposite was characterized by X-ray diffraction, SEM, TEM, XPS and FT-IR.     

Monolayer and aggregate formation of a modified phthalocyanine on mica determined by a delicate balance of surface interactions

An ordered layer of a phthalocyanine modified with ether tails can be formed on muscovite mica if removed from solution and dried. This ordered layer forms on potassium terminated as well as on sodium terminated mica, but not on a hydronium terminated surface. The molecules lie flat on the surface, as shown by AFM and X-ray diffraction, giving a layer thickness of approximately 1 nm. In solution, however, no in-plane ordering exists. The material is attracted to the substrate surface but instead of ordering, it aggregates in a liquid-like mobile fashion. This is likely caused by the fact that the water present in solution has a stronger interaction with the potassium ions on the mica surface than with the ether tails of the phthalocyanine.     

Projection-type moiré topography with frequency modulation technique using liquid crystal digital gratings

A projection-type moiré topography that uses a frequency modulation technique with two liquid crystal digital gratings (LCDGs) is proposed. In this method, moiré contours are filtered to remove the image of the original grating from the moiré contours by moving the image created by the LCDGs. The frequency modulation technique can be used to analyze the fringe of step heights or other separate areas by modulating the fringe interval. The experimental results showed the possibility of measuring three-dimensional shapes and step heights.