Dual wavelength room temperature laser operation of colour centres in lithium fluoride

Tunable room-temperature laser operation has been achieved on two spectral bands from colour centres in a slab of LiF crystal pumped by the frequency-doubled output of a Q-switched Nd : YAG laser. An initial build-up of laser action in the red (～715 nm) has been observed to be followed by a period during which the intensity of the red emission reached a peak and as it decreased a near infra-red (～940 nm) lasing component evolved. The output at this longer wavelength emission increased to a relatively constant value and long-term stable laser operation was maintained.     

Effects of preheating on diaspore: Modifications in colour centres, structure and light emission

The thermal properties and thermal stability of diaspore-corundum (AlOOH-Al₂O₃), from Goian (Pontevedra, Spain) were studied by means of differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetry (TG), high temperature X-ray diffraction (HTXRD) and thermally stimulated luminescence (TL) techniques. The samples were annealed to link the combined effect of (i) dehydroxylation, (ii) oxidation-reduction of chromophores (Mn 0.5%, Fe₂O₃ 0.12%, TiO₂ 0.021% and Cr 80 ppm) determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and (iii) phase transitions whilst sample heating (i.e. α-AlOOH→α′-Al₂P₃→α-Al₂O₃). The blue colour of diaspore, attributed to the Ti⁴⁺-Fe²⁺ intervalence-charge-transfer mechanism, turns to white (circa 500 °C) in good agreement with the DTA endothermic peak (dehydroxylation). The coexistence of α-AlOOH and α′-Al₂P₃ phases has been detected by in situ HTXRD and could be correlated to the thermoluminescence tests performed on preheated aliquots (up to 500 °C).     

Auger spectra of lithium hydride

Auger electron emission spectra have been observed for lithium hydride in three conditions : (1) cleaved in vacuum, (2) prepared by the reaction of hydrogen gas with clean lithium metal, and (3) by annealing slightly oxidized lithium hydride single crystals in vacuum. The dominant Auger line (40 ± 1 eV) was found to be a KVV transition involving valence electrons from the anion and was indistinguishable from a similar transition for lithium oxide at room temperature. Lithium hydride surfaces lose hydrogen in vacuum causing the formation of a lithium metal phase at room temperature and a significant reduction in surface hydride stoichiometry at 600°C.     

Decay of colour centres in natural chalcopyrite

Thermoluminescence (TL) or natural chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂) obtained from Mosabani Copper Mines shows two glow peaks at 198 and 250°C upon X-irradiation at room temperature. But the quenched sample when X-irradiated shows four glow peaks at 86, 136, 198 and 250°C. The emission spectra of all the glow peaks show a prominent band with a maximum at 566 nm. Both thermal and anomalous fading were observed in quenched samples. Tentative explanations for emission spectra and anomalous fading are given.     

Auger emission in degenerate GaSb crystals

The dependence of the peak energy of the Auger band on the doping in n-type and p-type degenerate GaSb crystals is investigated, in good agreement with experiments.It is suggested that the continuum for n-type GaSb is only by a factor of 20 stronger than for p-type material, and the maximum value of the stimulated Auger emission in the n-type or p-type GaSb photoluminescence is 4 times weaker than the corresponding maximum value of the near-band-edge emission.     

Electrical conductivity and colour centres in Tl-doped KCl crystal

The electrical conductivity and optical absorption of potassium chloride crystals doped with different concentrations of thallium have been measured before and after X-irradiation. The optical absorption spectrum exhibits the characteristic Tl⁺ ion band at 247 nm. The extrinsic conductivity and the absorption coefficient at 247 nm increase with impurity addition upto a certain concentration. Further increase in impurities decreases them. Room temperature X-irradiation decreases the Tl⁺ ion band and produces the F band. F centre concentration is higher in lightly doped crystal compared to pure or heavily doped KCl. These results have been interpreted in terms of formation of interstitial potassium ions and positive ion vacancies in the Tl-doped KCl lattice due to large ionic radius of Tl⁺ ions. The impurity ions precipitate into TlCl phase when the doping is heavy.     

YAG晶体色心的EPR谱

本文描述了8种YAG样品的室温和77K的EPR谱.从这些谱的参数与光谱的实验数据对照,认为晶体中有三种顺磁性的色心,其中g～2.00和g～1.98两条顺磁谱相应于光谱2×10~4cm~(-1)～3.4×10~4cm~(-1)的吸收带,为YAG基质晶体中的缺陷俘获一个电子构成的电子型缺陷中心;而 g～30.60的顺磁谱线与氧空位和掺杂的金属离子Mg~(2+) 、Cr~(3+)有关,推测为氧空位团或氧空位与金属离子构成的S>1/2的复合顺磁中心缺陷.YAG晶体随着在大气氛中高温退火,氧的进入和金属离子的掺入,造成电子和空间体积的不平衡,从而使晶体色心浓度加大.     

Crystalline properties and colour centres in alkali halide thin films

Abstract

Thin films of KCl, KBr, RbCl have been obtained by thermal evaporation on amorphous substrates with different deposition parameters. The crystalline structure and orientation have been determined, and the films resulted to be policrystals with high uniformity of orientation. Production of colour centres, achieved by irradiation with low-energy electrons, leads to F center concentrations barely observed in large crystals. The colouration kinetics is similar to that in the bulk, and shows after a maximum an exponential decay at high doses because of centre aggregation coupled to thermal effects. The films exhibit a bleaching process of the colour centres at room temperature, whose kinetics depends on the irradiation damage.     

Auger and emission spectra of carbon nanotubes

The Auger and x-ray emission spectra of carbon nanotubes are calculated by the FP-LMTO method. The computed spectra for nanotubes are compared to the analogous spectra for a graphite monolayer, which is used as a test object, and to the experimental curves for graphite. It is concluded that the Auger-characteristic emission can be used to identify carbon nanotubes. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 41, 1511–1514 (August 1999)     

Auger electron emission from fixed-in-space CO

We have measured the angular distribution of carbon K-Auger electrons from fixed in space, core-ionized, CO molecules in coincidence with the kinetic energy release of the C+ and O+ fragments. We find a very narrow ejection of Auger electrons in the direction of the oxygen and an oscillatory diffraction pattern. Even for similar electron energies, the angular distribution strongly depends on the symmetry of the final state.     

Electrochromic colour centres in amorphous tungsten trioxide thin films

Amorphous tungsten trioxide films, investigated by the Raman scattering method, are shown to be composed of a spatial network of tightly bound (WO₆)_n·mH₂O clusters with a large number of terminal oxygen W=O and W-O-W bonds between clusters. The injected electrons in an amorphous tungsten trioxide film are localized in the tungsten 5d orbitals in an axially distorted octahedron, as is shown by ESR analysis. The optical absorption of a coloured amorphous tungsten trioxide film, as has previously been proposed, can be satisfactorily described by an intervalence charge-transfer transition between localized W⁵⁺ and W⁶⁺ states.     

Radiative Auger emission in Ne K X-ray spectra

Radiative Auger emission intensity in K X-rays from neon was measured following electron bombardment by 1 to 2 keV electrons. The measured relative intensities of this process are in good agreement with calculations of Dyall using correlated final-state wavefunctions.     

Composition nanodefects in doped lithium fluoride crystals

This paper presents the results of investigations into the optical properties of LiF crystals doped with oxides of different metals (Li, W, Ti, Fe). It has been proved that, during the growth of crystals, nanodefects containing polyvalent dopant ions and oxygen in different states (O^2?, OH^?, O ₂ ^? ) are formed in the crystalline matrix. It has been shown that these nanodefects are sinks of electronic excitations and determine the direction and efficiency of radiation-induced processes.     

CrLVV Auger emission and photoreduction of hexavalent Cr oxides

The CrLVV Auger emission has been used to investigate the local chemical environment of Cr(VI) in connection with the photoreduction produced by a non-monochromatic X-ray source. We compared Cr(VI) in oxides on anodized Al exposed to a chromate solution, with Cr(VI) in oxides on Al/Cr alloys polarized in a borate solution. The former were found to be much more sensitive to photoreduction than the latter. This is correlated with the intensity of the CrLVV Auger emission, attributed to a charge transfer transition in the final state of the photoemission process.     

Isothermal decay of colour centres in microcrystalline powders of alkali bromides

The bleaching of F-centres on storing in darkness of electrolytically coloured single crystals and microcrystalline powders of solid solutions of KBr with other alkali bromides is reported. The colouration of the microcrystalline powders decays isothermally while that of single crystals is comparatively stable. The decay proceeds slower in the powders of mixed crystals than in the pure materials. A tentative explanation is suggested.     

Oscillator strength of F2 − colour centres in LiF crystal

The absorption cross-section integral and the oscillator strength of the 960 nm absorption band due to F₂ ^– colour centres in LiF crystal is determined at room temperature from the absorption cross-section spectrum of the F₂ ^– centres obtained from saturable absorption studies. A comparison with previous results is made.     

KVV radiative Auger emission spectrum of metallic silicon

The KVV radiative Auger region in the K X-ray emission spectrum of silicon in metallic powder form has been ionometrically recorded and compared with the expected spectrum calculated by using the measured L_2,3VV Auger spectrum available in the literature. It is found that the experimental KVV radiative Auger spectrum has some additional features. An attempt has been made to identify these as being due to various VV levels as final states.