A multiple-cathode arc-discharge plasma source

A plasma source for obtaining a 1-cm length of high-fractional ionized plasmas with electron densities in the range of 10¹⁵-10¹⁷ cm^-3 is described. The source consists of a capacitive discharge between a metal anode and an array of small metal cathodes embedded in epoxy, each with a current-limiting resistor. The effect is to have an array of sources which merge into each other, producing the plasma as a whole. The design and performance of the plasma source are presented. The entire system consists of the main electrode and shielding structures, the preionization circuit, and the main discharge circuit. Each of these components is described and the operating parameters and results are given     

A new mode to excite a gas-discharge XeCl laser

The charge mode is a new mode to excite a discharge XeCl laser based on the dynamics of a spiker-sustainer circuit with a magnetic pulse compressor. The breakdown voltage is higher than in any other mode, due to a very fast rise time. The higher breakdown voltage provides a wider discharge and we found that more energy can be deposited before discharge instabilities terminate the optical output.     

Subnormal Glow Discharge Detection of Optical and Microwave Radiation

Commercial indicator lamp glow discharge tubes in the subnormal glow mode exhibit variable frequency tuned filter video response to optical and microwave radiation. Sensitivity to optical radiation can be particularly increased by using such devices in the subnormal rather than abnormal glow. These phenomena are discussed in terms of physical electronics and an equivalent circuit. A comparison is made of abnormal and subnormal glow mode properties. It is hoped that this model can lead to glow discharge lamp design for specific circuit applications involving subnormal glow mode characteristics. Relationships between glow discharge detector physical and electronic parameters are derived.     

Blumlein型准分子激光器放电回路的分布电感测量

本文介绍了一种利用快放电脉冲测量技术较准确地计算快放电回路分布电感的方法。通过分析测量结果和求解回路方程,导出了一个分布电感的数学解析表达式,最后对一些结果进行了讨论。 关键词：     

Simulation study of a capacitively coupled plasma torch array

Using capacitively coupled electrical discharges, an array of three plasma torches powered by a single 60-Hz source are lit up simultaneously to produce a dense plasma in the open air. The discharge voltage and current of each torch is measured for three cases of one to three torches being lit up in the array. The results determine the ν-i characteristic of the discharge which indicates that the torch is operating in a diffuse are mode. The torch array is modeled by an equivalent circuit for simulating its operation. The simulation results of the discharge voltage and current of a torch are shown to agree well with those from the experimental measurements for the three cases. The lump circuit model is then used to carry out numerical simulations of the discharge for a broad parameter space of plasma species. By fitting the simulation results, a function giving the parametric dependence of the consumed average power density 〈P〉 on the normalized average electron density 〈n_e〉 maintained in the plasma is determined to be 〈P〉 48 〈n_e〉 ^1.9α_^0.4(W/cm³), where 〈n_e〉 is normalized to 10¹³cm^-3 and α_, the electron-ion recombination coefficient normalized to 10^-7 cm³·s^-1, is used as a variable parameter in the simulation     

基于Marx的任意极性方波脉冲电源设计北大核心CSCD

设计了一种基于Marx电路的方波脉冲电源,该电源采用磁环隔离驱动方案与全桥Marx电路相结合,实现了正极性、负极性和双极性高压方波脉冲的输出,解决了常规脉冲电源只能输出特定极性脉冲的限制。对电路的运行模式经行了理论分析,并搭建了16级实验样机。实验结果表明:在空载条件下,实现了频率1 kHz,幅值10 kV的正极性、负极性及双极性高压方波脉冲输出。其最小脉宽1μs,极性可调。该脉冲电源结构紧凑,可以实现输出电压、脉宽、脉冲极性可调。最后使用该方波脉冲电源驱动平行板介质阻挡放电反应器。结果表明:该方波脉冲电源可以作为介质阻挡放电驱动源。     

采用单开关谐振电路的脉冲电源设计

谐振电路可以实现软开关,减小开关损耗,而广泛应用于电力电子领域。谐振电路工作在特定模式下可以产生脉冲形式电压,相较于其他脉冲发生器拓扑具有开关数量少、低开关损耗和低电磁干扰(EMI)的优点。谐振电路通常需要半桥或全桥转换器产生一个方波激励,本文提出了一种结合脉冲变压器和单开关谐振电路的脉冲电路,主电路只需使用一个半导体开关,便可通过谐振电路和脉冲变压器在副边得到高压脉冲,且可以实现零电流关断(ZCS)。对电路的工作过程进行了理论分析,并搭建了样机进行了带载实验。试验结果表明,在介质阻挡放电(DBD)负载上实现了频率为10~20 kHz、幅值为5~10 kV的正弦脉冲电压。该电路结构简单,成本低,安全可靠。     

两电极气体火花开关触发系统

 两电极开关取消了触发电极,需要靠过压触发,要求触发电压的幅值高,上升前沿快。为了满足两电极大电流气体开关对触发电压的特殊要求,介绍了一种用Marx作触发器的触发系统。该系统由8级Marx发生器构成,由电源开关、隔离变压器、L-C充电电路、采样控制电路、光纤控制电路和触发电路组成。Marx发生器采用了低电感电容器和同轴结构布局,减小了电感,触发电压达到120 kV,上升沿小于30 ns。对触发系统建立了PSpice电路模拟,仿真波形与实测波形基本一致。将该触发装置用于200 kA大电流气体开关试验,试验结果表明该触发装置能稳定触发气体开关,操作安全可靠。     

The pulsed optogalvanic effect in a low-pressure mercury discharge

Experiments are described in which a low-pressure mercury discharge is irradiated with a 10 ns dye laser pulse tuned resonant to one of 6 ³P-7 ³S₁ transitions. The time behaviour of the induced optogalvanic effect is found to be dependent on the value of the ballast resistance in the discharge circuit. The qualitative explanation for this phenomenon is that the ratio of the relative change in the electron temperature and the relative change in electron density depends on the value of the ballast resistance.     

Multiple Ring Discharges in a Cylindrical Resonant Cavity

Observations have been made of an rf multiple-ring discharge which is a variant of the well-known single-ring rf discharge described by J. J. Thomson. A set of discretely-located plasma rings (typically 2 to 5 in number) forms coaxially in the central portion of a cylindrical quartz tube on the axis of a cylindrical cavity excited in the TE011 mode. The rings fit closely inside the inner periphery of the quartz tube at pressures ranging from a few Torr to atmospheric, have a minor diameter of order 1/10 the tube diameter, and are spaced at intervals nearly equal to the tube diameter. Excitation of the degenerate companion TM111 mode results in asymmetrical tilting of the rings. Gas flow through the discharge tube results in a continuous unidirectional axial motion of the rings with new rings being abruptly formed toward the input end of the tube and contracting and vanishing abruptly as they move toward the exit end. A theory is developed which accounts for the observed phenomena.     

Parametric study of radiofrequency helium discharge under atmospheric pressure

The parameters of radiofrequency helium discharge under atmospheric pressure were studied by electrical and optical measurements using high voltage probe, current probe and optical emission spectroscopy. Two discharge modes α and γ were observed within certain limits. During α to γ mode transition, a decrease in voltage (280–168 V), current (2.05–1.61 A) and phase angle (76^°–56^°) occurred. The discharge parameters such as resistance, reactance, sheath thickness, electron density, excitation temperature and gas temperature were assessed by electrical measurements using equivalent circuit model and optical emission spectroscopy. In α mode, the discharge current increased from 1.17 to 2.05 A, electron density increased from 0.19 × 10¹² to 0.47 × 10¹² cm^?3 while sheath thickness decreased from 0.40 to 0.25 mm. The excitation temperatures in the α and γ modes were 3266 and 4500 K respectively, evaluated by Boltzmann’s plot method. The estimated gas temperature increased from 335 K in the α mode to 485 K in the γ mode, suggesting that the radiofrequency atmospheric pressure helium discharge can be used for surface treatment applications.     

One-dimensional fluid and circuit simulation of an AC plasmadisplay cell

A one-dimensional multispecies model of a helium filled AC plasma display cell is described. The model includes a continuity equation for each species. Poisson's equation and a circuit equation. The fill gas is helium for which the cross sections for ionization and excitation for the various atomic states are well known. The reaction rates for the different species were parametrized as functions of E/N using a zero-dimensional spatial and two velocity multispecies Boltzmann kinetic code. Calculations are performed using address and sustain voltages operating at a frequency of 50 kHz to model the pulse behavior of a dielectric barrier discharge which occurs over a time scale on the order of 200 ns or less. The code simulates multipulse behavior and shows reasonably good agreement with experimental data. The simulations show that the circuit filters out the discharge dynamics and that the pulse width of the discharge current depends on the circuit RC time constant. Using a 123 V sustain voltage, the calculated discharge current is 0.4 A with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 28 ns. Experimental values using a 120 V sustain voltage are 0.32 A discharge current and 42 ns FWHM     

50kV/4A输出高压恒流电源

 介绍了适用于脉冲功率技术大容量电容器组快速高效充电的一种变频恒流高压电源,它采用三相半控晶闸管桥式整流,经由两只开关管、储能电感、续流二极管和霍尔电流传感器构成的恒流网络,再由桥式晶闸管电路逆变成1kHz后升压、整流。     

混合型光学双稳特性分析

本文从理论上分析了带有光电反馈的电光调制器所具有的光学双稳特性,讨论了双稳工作时对阶跃输入的“临界延迟”效应。 关键词：     

Efficient Analysis of Millimeter Wave Circuit Using Numerical Calibration Technique

In this paper, A numerical technique, called short-open calibration (SOC), in conjunction with edge-based finite element method (FEM) is employed to analyze millimeter wave circuit that can be segmented into two distinct section: static model of feedlines and dynamic model of circuit discontinuity. The derivation of reflection coefficient of 3D discontinuities is arranged in two steps. In the first step, this SOC technique is incorporated into the FEM for mesh truncation of computaional domain. In this way, much faster convergence is achieved for large-sparse linear matrix equations from FEM by this termination than by perfectly matching layers (PML). The field distribution of the dominated mode in uniform feedlines and entire circuit is obtained individually by exciting a pair of even and odd impressed voltages along the struture. In step two, Scattering parameters based on the voltages and current defintion is calculated by integral of electric and magnetic fields. Numerical solutions for a class of planar circuit discontuities are very well compared with those published in the available literatures.     

On the homogeneization of transverse gas discharges by preionization

Detailed data of the minimum preionization electron density (MPED)n ₀ necessary to initiate a homogeneous discharge mode in transverse gas discharges are computed. An upper limit for the inductance of the discharge circuit is set by the power balance during breakdown. The results are presented as functions of generalized parameters. Applicability of the computations is proved by experimental observations.     

Circuit model for two-electrode AC discharge

This paper presents a circuit model for a two-electrode AC discharge, which has two electrodes separated from the discharge gap by an insulator. The model consists of a series connection of an equivalent circuit for plasma and two capacitors for insulator. The equivalent circuit for plasma was constructed using the measured electrical properties of a two-electrode DC discharge. The validity of model was checked with experiments on a three-electrode test device; two electrodes exposed to the discharge gap and the other electrode separated from the discharge gap by an insulator. The measured voltages of the test device are compared with those obtained by circuit simulation. For various waveforms, which are being used widely to drive an AC plasma display panel, the results of circuit simulation agree well with experiment.     

一种用于触发引燃管的脉冲电源

设计了一种单电源的变压器型高电压、大电流脉冲源。该电源只有一套放电电容,以晶闸管作为放电开关,单原边双副边的脉冲变压器作为传输线。利用二极管的单向导通特性,使变压器根据负载不同的工况运行在不同的状态,分时输出高电压、大电流脉冲。该设计利用变压器在空间上将高压输出回路和低压控制回路隔离,与一般的双电源设计方式相比,降低了驱动电路的成本,减少了装置的体积,有利于设备的小型化和紧凑化。试验结果表明:当原边18 μF的储能电容充电电压为700 V时,通过晶闸管开关控制电容向2 ∶2 ∶20的单原边双副边脉冲变压器放电,副边开路时输出幅值7.6 kV、上升沿432 ns的开路电压,副边短路时输出幅值690 A、半高宽15.6 μs、前沿7.0 μs的短路电流,满足NL37248引燃管的触发要求。     

Fast-axial-flow CO2-laser with integrated turbo-blower

A new type of CO₂-laser with high-power capability is described. It employs fast axial flow driven by a high-frequency radial impeller. Due to the coaxial design which integrates discharge tube, blower, and gas cooler into a single cylindrical housing, a very compact laser unit is realized. The discharge is rf excited (13.56 MHz). With a specific input power of 21 W/cm³ an output of 800 W is generated at an efficiency of 16%. The discharge can easily be operated in a pulsed mode with frequencies up to 10 kHz.