Optical absorption band edge in single-crystal GeS

The absorption band edge of single-crystal orthorhombic GeS has been measured in all three polarizations at 4.2, 77 and 300°K. Strong excitonic absorption is observed for E ∥ a, and the transitions in this direction are identified as direct-allowed. Transitions in the E ∥ b and E ∥ c polarizations are tentatively identified as direct forbidden and direct allowed, respectively, with values for E_g similar to those found for E ∥ a. Evidence for the partially two-dimen?ional character of GeS is discussed.     

Reflection spectra of orthorhombic indium iodide

The reflection spectra of InI single crystal have been measured using linearly polarized light. Pronounced anisotropy is observed between two directions of polarization E ∥ c and E ∥ a. The first peak at 2.018 eV for E ∥ c is direct allowed exciton transition with binding energy 4.3 meV. The E ∥ a spectrum suggests that the transition is forbidden.     

Spin assignment to the 9.026 MeV resonance level of36Ar using35Cl(p, γ)36Ar triple angular correlation measurements forE p = 533 keV

Triple correlation experiments have been performed to study the³⁵Cl(p, γ)³⁶Ar resonance for a proton energyE _p = 533 keV. From the analysis of the measured gamma ray angular distributions, due to the gamma decay of the 9.026 MeV resonance level in³⁶Ar via the 9.026 MeV→1.97 MeV→0 MeV double cascade, a spin value ofJ ₁ =2⁺ for the 9.026 MeV level and a mixing ratio of ?1.97 MeV∥L′₁ = 2∥9.026 MeV?/?1.97 MeV∥ L₁ = 1∥9.026 MeV? = ?0.055 + 0.022 for the 9.026 MeV→ 1.97 MeV transition could be derived.     

Optical phonons in CuAlS2

The optical phonons at k=0 of CuAlS₂ have been investigated by Raman scattering, infrared reflectivity and absorption measurements from 50 to 1000 cm^-1 at T=300 K. Eleven of the thirteen expected optically active phonons have been observed and identified with respect to their symmetry types. The phonon frequencies appear in a range from 498 to 76 cm^-1 with predominant polar modes at 445 and 266 cm^-1. The dielectric dispersion for E ⊥ c and E ∥ c has been determined by Kramers-Kronig integrations.     

The energy-band gaps in tetrathiafulvalene-tetracyanoquinodimethane measured by far-infrared photoconductivity

The b-axis photoconductivity of TTF-TCNQ at 5 K has been measured with polarized radiation. The bolometric signal from vibrational modes was removed by increasing the chopping frequency and reducing the temperature. Band gaps of 403 K (E ∥ a) and 453 K (E ∥ b) were obtained, the former agreeing with d.c. conductivity results above 13 K. Impurity photoconductivity was observed with E ∥ b and an energy gap of 130 K explaining d.c. conductivity results below 13 K.     

Band-edge photoluminescence of PbI2

Photoluminescence spectra of the hexagonal layered semiconductor PbI₂ have been measured at 4.2°K on various single crystalline specimens. They are interpreted in relation with the anisotropic polariton model. The emitted radiation is assumed to originate from free and bound exciton recombination, with and without phonon emission. A peak polarized E ∥ c about 4 meV above the excitonic line is related to the extraordinary polariton mode.     

Edge absorption spectra of crystalline and glassy PbGeS<Subscript>3</Subscript>

Edge absorption spectra of crystalline and glassy lead thiogermanate (PbGeS₃) have been measured in the temperature range from 77 to 470 K. It is shown that the dependence of the absorption coefficient on the photon energy for the glassy and crystalline states in the polarization E ∥ c is described by the Urbach rule. For the crystal in the polarization E ∥ b, at T < 300 K, an almost parallel shift of the intrinsic absorption edge to lower energies occurs with an increase in temperature, whereas at T ≥ 300 K, the Urbach absorption edge is observed. The parameter σ₀, related to the electron-phonon coupling constant, and the energy ?ω_ph of the effective phonons involved in the formation of the absorption edge of crystalline PbGeS₃ are determined from the temperature dependence of the parameter of the absorption edge slope. The contributions of the dynamic and static disorders to the diffusion of the absorption edge of crystalline PbGeS₃, as well as the topological disorder of glassy PbGeS₃, have been estimated.     

Luminescence of exciton in GeS

The luminescence of one free and four bound excitons has been investigated in the layer compound GeS. Up to six phonon replicas of the bound excitons are observable. The energies of these phonons are in reasonable agreement with Raman- and IR reflectivity measurements. The luminescence is highly anisotropic and is only seen in the polarization E ∥ a which confirms that the transitions E ∥ b are forbidden. Measurements with E ∥ c were inconclusive because of the difficulties in the sample preparation. Time resolved measurements revealed decay times between 20 nsec and 1.5 μsec for the different bound excitons. One exciton has been identified as bound to a Si impurity. This is the first observation of intentional doping of GeS. Thermal dissociation energies for the bound excitons lie between 6.5 and 20 meV.     

An improved decoupling approximation method for nonlinear granular composites

An improved decoupling approximation is proposed to estimate the spatial average of ∥E∥^β, where ∥E∥ denotes the magnitude of the local electric field E and β (β ≥ 3) is the nonlinear exponent. As an example, we recalculate the nonlinear susceptibilities of weakly nonlinear composites and find that our present results are very close to the simulation data.     

Microwave spectrum,dipole moment,and conformation of 3-methylcyclopentanone

The rotational spectrum of 3-methylcyclopentanone has been observed in the frequency region from 18.0 to 26.5 GHz. Both a-type and b-type transitions in the ground vibrational state and a-type transitions in five excited states have been assigned. The ground state rotational constants are determined to be A = 5423.32 ± 0.18, B = 1949.51 ± 0.01, and C = 1529.59 ± 0.01 MHz. Analysis of the measured quadratic Stark effects gives the dipole moment components ∥μ_a∥ = 2.97 ± 0.02, ∥μ_b∥ = 1.00 ± 0.03, ∥μ_c∥ = 0.18 ± 0.06, and the total dipole moment ∥μ_t∥ = 3.14 ± 0.03 D. These data are consistent with a twisted-ring conformation with a methyl group in the equatorial position.     

The fir-absorption of V2O5 single crystals doped with monovalent interstitial impurities: Li,Na, Cu

Absorption spectra are presented of α-M_xV₂O₅ single crystals (M = Li, Na, Cu) in the frequency range 15–105 cm^-1 and at temperatures between 4 and 78 K. Impurity-induced absorption bands are observed at 29 and 53 cm^-1 with E ∥ [010]. A discussion is made of assignments to electronic and vibrational mechanisms.     

Microwave spectrum of 3-iodopropene

The microwave spectra of 3-iodopropene were measured in the frequency region 12–18 GHz. The a-type R-branch and the b-type Q-branch rotational transitions of one conformer, skew, have been assigned and the rotational constants of the ground state have been obtained: A = 17 644.34, B = 1588.12, and C = 1538.64 MHz. The second-order quadrupole effects give rise to anomalous hyperfine splittings and are analyzed by taking into account χ_ab of the quadrupole coupling tensor. The nuclear quadrupole coupling constants have been determined to be χ_aa = ?1337, χ_bb = 387, χ_cc = 950, and ∥χ_ab∥ = 1081 MHz.     

Magnetic moment measurements in64Zn and66Zn

The ratios of the ∥g∥-factors of the 7^?, 4.635 MeV level in⁶⁴Zn and 6^?, 4.074 MeV and 7^?, 4.250 MeV levels in⁶⁶Zn has been found to be (1±0.18)∶(0.64±0.14)∶(0.60±0.12) by means of the recoil-into-gas (helium) integral perturbed angular correlation technique. The studied states were populated by the reactions⁵¹V(¹⁶O,p2n)⁶⁴Zn atE ₀=51 MeV and⁵⁵Mn(¹⁴ N,2pn)⁶⁶Zn atE _N =54 MeV.     

Optical 4<Emphasis Type="Italic">f</Emphasis>-4<Emphasis Type="Italic">f</Emphasis> transitions in multiferroic HoMnO<Subscript>3</Subscript>

In the absorption spectra of the hexagonal single-crystal manganite HoMnO₃ in the paramagnetic ferroelectric state, lines near 1.1 and 2.0 μm were observed associated with the transitions ⁵ I ₈ → ⁵ I ₆ and ⁵ I ₈ → ⁵ I ₇, respectively, within the 4f ¹⁰ configuration of the Ho³⁺ ion. At T = 80 K, to the ⁵ I ₈ → ⁵ I ₇ transition corresponds one band at 1.9 μm for both polarizations E ∥ c and E ⊥ c. As the temperature increases from 80 to 293 K, a low-energy band with a peak at 2.04 μm for E ⊥ c and a peak at 2.07 μm for E ∥ c arises associated with transitions from an excited Stark level of the ground ⁵ I ₈ multiplet to the Stark levels of the ⁵ I ₇ multiplet and with an increase in the population of the initial Stark level, the energy of which is ～100 K.     

The ν2 and ν4 bands of AsH3

The infrared absorption of arsine, AsH₃, between 750 and 1200 cm^?1 has been recorded at a resolution of 0.006 cm^?1. Altogether 2419 transitions, including nearly 700 “perturbation allowed” transitions with Δ∥k ? l∥ = ±3, ±6, and ±9, have been assigned to the ν₂(A₁) and ν₄(E) bands. Splitting of the transitions for K″ = 3, 6, and 9 was also observed. To fit the rotational pattern of the v₂ = 1 and v₄ = 1 vibrational states up to J = 21, all the experimental data were analyzed simultaneously on the basis of a rovibrational Hamiltonian which took into account the Coriolis interaction between ν₂ and ν₄ and also included several essential resonances within them. The derived set of 38 significant spectroscopic parameters reproduced the 2328 transition wavenumbers retained in the final fit within the accuracy of the experimental measurements.     

The possibility of the “giant” isotope effect for ultrasound absorption in crystals

The Zeeman effect, magnetization M(H), and differential magnetic susceptibility dM/dH of ErVO₄ crystals in a pulsed magnetic field have been experimentally and theoretically studied. In magnetic fields H ∥ [001] and H ∥ [100], the energy levels of Er³⁺ ions exhibit mutual approach and crossing (the crossover effect), which results in the peaks in dM/dH and the jumps in M(H) curves at low temperatures. The anomalies in the magnetic properties related to the crossover in ErVO₄ for H ∥ [001] are highly sensitive to the electronic structure of Er³⁺ ion, which allows this effect to be used for refining the crystal field parameters. The influence of the temperature, field misorientation from the symmetry axis, parameters of pair interactions, and other factors on the magnitude and character of magnetic anomalies in ErVO₄ crystals is considered.     

Infrared reflection spectra of the one-dimensional ionic conductor K— and RbAl priderites

The reflection spectra of the one-dimensional ionic conductors K_1.6Al_1.6Ti_6.4O₁₆ and Rb_1.49Al_1.65Ti_6.35O_15.92 have been measured for the polarizations E ∥ c (channel direction) and E 6 c in the frequency region 60–2000 cm^-1. The spectra of these two compounds are very similar with their features and have the same number of bands. The vibrational mode frequencies are obtained from a Kramers-Kronig analysis for each polarized reflectivity spectrum. A comparison of the corresponding mode frequencies for both priderites shows that only the lowest frequency mode observed in the E 6 c spectra is strongly associated with the alkali ion, while the others are not. The effect due to the non-stoichiometry is not found in the infrared reflection spectra.     

Singlett-triplett splitting of the free A-exciton in ZnO

By comparing the absorption and emission spectra (4 K) of ZnO single crystals the positions of the free A-exciton lines in emission can be declared. These transitions for E ⊥ c and E ∥ c were produced by excitons having a parallel or antiparallel spin orientation of the electron and the hole. This fine structure splitting is 0.20 meV.     

Magnetoplasma resonance of exciton drop system in germanium

Two new absorptions which are believed at least partially connected with magnetoplasma resonance within high density exciton drops are observed below 2.2.K in 35GHz cyclotron resonance at germanium under the configuration that E ∥ 〈100〉 and H ∥ 〈001〉. One of them appears very close to the light hole cyclotron resonance signal and is qualitatively interpreted in terms of a simplified magnetoplasma theory, while the other shoots up near zero magnetic field and remains yet unexplained.     

Concrete Representation and Separability Criteria for Symmetric Quantum State

Using the typical generators of the special unitary groups S U(2), the concrete representation of symmetric quantum state is established, then the relations satisfied by those coefficients in the representation are presented. Based on the representation of density matrix, the PPT criterion and CCNR criterion are proved to be equivalent on judging the separability of symmetric quantum states. Moreover, it is showed that the matrix Γ _ρ of symmetric quantum state only has five efficient entries, thus the calculation of ∥Γ _ρ ∥ is simplified. Finally, the quantitative expressions of real symmetric quantum state under the ∥Γ _ρ ∥ separability criterion are obtained.