脉冲电流冲击力对电极间距的影响

利用时变场理论和瞬态动力学方程建立了电极及其支撑结构的瞬态耦合模型,分析了瞬态电磁场各参数的分布特点,并求解了电极及其支撑结构的动态响应状态参数。计算结果表明:玻璃钢支撑结构对于脉冲电流形成的冲击力载荷具有很好的缓冲作用;低弹性模量支撑材料在脉冲上升沿和峰值阶段均会产生波动性形变,但该波动性形变对电极间距不会造成太大的影响。     

30GHz RF Pulse Stretcher

RF Pulse stretcher is an antiphrasis of RF pulse compressor. It is used to convert short high power RF pulse to long low power RF pulse. The Power Extraction and Transfer Structure (PETS) in CTFⅡ(Compact Linear Collider Test Facility Phase two) can provide 280MW 16ns pulse. It is desirable to use it to get longer pulse to study the pulse length dependence of maximum achievable surface gradient in one of the 30GHz copper accelerating structures. The 30GHz RF pulse stretcher was designed, manufactured, tuned, installed and successfully operated in CTFⅡ .     

紧凑型脉冲形成网络的优化设计

利用PSpice软件,在考虑互感的情况下对直线型、L型和U1型结构的脉冲形成网络进行电路仿真,同时采用瞬态场路同步协同仿真方法对5种不同连接结构的脉冲形成网络进行三维建模和仿真,并对这5种不同连接结构的脉冲形成网络进行实验,实验结果显示:5种不同结构脉冲形成网络的输出波形的上升沿约为45 ns;U1,U2型和U3型结构的脉冲形成网络输出脉冲的半高宽分别为166,158和154 ns,且其平顶处存在较大波动。将电路和瞬态场路同步协同方法得到的仿真结果和实验结果进行分析和比较,结果表明:瞬态场路同步协同仿真方法能很好地模拟脉冲形成网络的工作过程和输出波形,实验中的匹配负载和开关电感都要比仿真中的大,U型结构脉冲形成网络有利于实现脉冲功率源系统结构的紧凑化和小型化。     

SEM and Raman spectroscopy analyses of laser-induced periodic surface structures grown by ethanol-assisted femtosecond laser ablation of chromium

The effect of fluence and pulse duration on the growth of nanostructures on chromium (Cr) surfaces has been investigated upon irradiation of femtosecond (fs) laser pulses in a liquid confined environment of ethanol. In order to explore the effect of fluence, targets were exposed to 1000 pulses at various peak fluences ranging from 4.7 to 11.8?J?cm^–2 for pulse duration of ～25?fs. In order to explore the effect of pulse duration, targets were exposed to fs laser pulses of various pulse durations ranging from 25 to 100?fs, for a constant fluence of 11.8?J?cm^–2. Surface morphology and structural transformations have been analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. After laser irradiation, disordered sputtered surface with intense melting and cracking is obtained at the central ablated areas, which are augmented with increasing laser fluence due to enhanced thermal effects. At the peripheral ablated areas, where local fluence is approximately in the range of 1.4–4?mJ?cm^–2, very well-defined laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) with periodicity ranging from 270 to 370?nm along with dot-like structures are formed. As far as the pulse duration is concerned, a significant effect on the surface modification of Cr has been revealed. In the central ablated areas, for the shortest pulse duration (25?fs), only melting has been observed. However, LIPSS with dot-like structures and droplets have been grown for longer pulse durations. The periodicity of LIPSS increases and density of dot-like structures decreases with increasing pulse duration. The chemical and structural modifications of irradiated Cr have been revealed by Raman spectroscopy. It confirms the formation of new bands of chromium oxides and enol complexes or Cr-carbonyl compounds. The peak intensities of identified bands are dependent upon laser fluence and pulse duration.     

Source Range Estimation Based on Pulse Waveform Matching in a Slope Environment

An approach of source range estimation in an ocean environment with sloping bottom is presented. The approach is based on pulse waveform correlation matching between the received and simulated signals. An acoustic propagation experiment is carried out in a slope environment. The pulse signal is received by the vertical line array,and the depth structure can be obtained. For the experimental data, the depth structures of pulse waveforms are different, which depends on the source range. For a source with unknown range, the depth structure of pulse waveform can be first obtained from the experimental data. Next, the depth structures of pulse waveforms in different ranges are numerically calculated. After the process of correlating the experimental and simulated signals,the range corresponding to the maximum value of the correlation coefficient is the estimated source range. For the explosive sources in the experiment with two depths, the mean relative errors of range estimation are both less than 7%.     

Electromagnetic simulation study of dielectric wall accelerator structures

Two types of dielectric wall accelerator (DWA) structures, a bi-polar Blumlein line and zero integral pulse line (ZIP) structures were investigated. The high gradient insulator simulated by the particle in cell code con rms that it has little in uence on the axial electric field. The results of simulations using CST microwave studio indicate how the axial electric field is formed, and the electric eld waveforms agree with the theoretical one very well. The in uence of layer-to-layer coupling in a ZIP structure is much smaller and the electric eld waveform is much better. The axial of the Blumlein structure's electric field has better axial stability. From both of the above, it found that for a shorter pulse width, the axial electric field is much higher and the pulse stability and delity are much better. The CST simulation is very helpful for designing DWA structures.     

Ionization focusing of a short intense laser pulse and generation of wake plasma waves

The propagation of a short intense laser pulse is studied in a gas taking into account the ionization of gas atoms by the high-frequency electromagnetic field of the pulse. The conditions are found under which the ionization structures produced by the laser pulse cause the pulse focusing accompanied by a substantial increase in its intensity. It is shown that the leading edge of the pulse is subjected to ionization refraction at the ionization front, the temporal profile of the pulse becoming steeper. This results in the efficient generation of a wake wave at the ionization front, which is amplified during the development of self-modulation instability. The amplitude of the wake plasma wave achieves a substantial value already at small paths of the pulse in matter (smaller than the diffraction length of the pulse).     

脉管制冷机结构、理论及实用化等方面的进展

文中对脉管制冷机的发展作了较为详细的回顾 ,分析了各种结构、各种理论的特点及其应用范围 ,指出不足和需要改进的地方。分析了脉管制冷机的发展前景和方向 ,分析指出实用化和微型化以及将脉管制冷机应用于普冷领域是脉管制冷机今后发展的主要方向。     

Interaction of a probe optical signal with a quasi-periodical sequence of high-power pump pulses

Interaction of a short optical pulse with a refractive index lattice induced in a nonlinear medium by quasi-periodic pulsed structures at close frequencies is investigated. Numerical simulation is performed for reflection, transmission, and multiplexing of the signal pulse into several subpulses for different induced lattices.     

X波段长脉冲高功率微波产生的实验研究

 获得长脉冲高功率微波（HPM）输出是HPM源技术追求的重要目标之一。从物理机理上分析了影响慢波结构HPM器件实现长脉冲HPM输出的因素,并利用长脉冲脉冲功率源和过模慢波结构HPM器件,开展了X波段长脉冲HPM产生实验。实验中,采用介质-铜阴极,并在慢波结构表面镀Cr,在导引磁场约0.7 T、二极管电压约400 kV、电流约10 kA、束流脉宽200 ns的条件下,获得了功率500 MW、脉宽约100 ns、主模为TM₀₁的X波段长脉冲HPM输出。对实验结果的分析表明,脉冲功率源与HPM器件的阻抗不匹配,是导致HPM器件输出微波脉宽比电子束脉宽短、以及HPM器件输出微波功率效率较低的主要原因。     

高压串级延迟击穿开关在快前沿脉冲触发源中的应用

 报导了一种高压串级延迟击穿（DBD）开关在快脉冲触发源中的应用,介绍了脉冲源的电路结构和工作原理,并将DBD开关成功应用于快前沿脉冲触发源,获得了明显的脉冲陡化效果。串级DBD开关的级数为15级,直流击穿电压45 kV,脉冲工作电压60 kV,脉冲前沿由95 ns减小到21.5 ns,脉冲宽度50 ns。     

多腔体复杂系统电磁脉冲耦合统计特性

以双腔体级联系统为实验对象,测量了系统的输出端感应电压,对实验结果进行统计分析,并与随机拓扑模型计算结果进行对比,两者基本吻合,验证了随机拓扑模型的适用性;利用该模型计算分析了不同脉冲参数及不同拓扑结构条件下多混沌腔体复杂系统的电磁耦合统计特性。研究表明,脉冲宽度和脉冲个数与概率峰值处的感应电压均存在一定的谐振特性,且脉冲频率越低,脉冲的耦合效率越高,采用串型的拓扑结构更加有利于系统的防护和加固。     

The evolution of a microstructure on Si by a femtosecond laser

Femtosecond laser micromaching silicon is investigated by a Ti:sapphire laser (800 nm, 1 kHz) with a pulse duration of 130 fs. It is investigated that the result is affected by fluences at a different number of pulse. In the experiment, we have observed the periodic surface structure such as microholes, and found that the direction of the array holes was parallel to the laser polarization direction. This result has potential application in the fabrication of two-dimensional photonic crystals. We have determined the optimal conditions for producing these surface structures. At the same time, when we change the fluence and the pulse number, the ripples and the columns emerge. If the pulse number remains unchanged, we also investigated the evolution of a crater at a different pulse fluence. The microholes will become regular cracks on the outer irradiation area, and the ripples will gradually disappear. But, the column structures will appear. At a higher fluence, ripples only appear when the number of pulses (N) is less than 200 and a column structure exists at the center region when N is above 600.     

Spatio-temporal characterization of self-formed hollow light pulses in the pump depletion regime of second harmonic generation

Depletion of the pump pulse in second harmonic generation (SHG) and its back-regeneration from the second harmonic pulse is a well known process in nonlinear optics. Nevertheless how the pump pulse reshapes as a three-dimensional object in space and time has never been investigated. In this work we apply a three-dimensional mapping technique to record this transformation and we experimentally show the formation of a hollow as well as more complex layered spatio-temporal structures of the fundamental pump pulse in different regimes. The results are compared with numerical simulations.     

Frequency resolved optical gating in the UV using the electronic Kerr effect

A phase-sensitive single-shot autocorrelator (FROG) for the UV spectral region based on the electronic Kerr effect is demonstrated. Since the Kerr shutter technique leads to a third-order autocorrelation function, information about pulse asymmetries and pulse structures along with the temporal phase can be obtained.     

L型脉冲形成网络的仿真与实验研究北大核心CSCD

研究了L型连接结构对脉冲形成网络输出波形的影响。采用有限积分法,对L型连接结构的脉冲形成网络进行三维建模和仿真,并将其与直线型连接结构的脉冲形成网络仿真结果进行比较。结果表明:L型结构的脉冲形成网络前沿与直线型结构基本一致,约为40ns,半高宽为168ns,比直线型小7ns,平顶处较直线型结构有所波动,表现为平顶后段幅度升高。通过对两种连接结构的脉冲形成网络进行高压实验,验证了仿真结果。在脉冲功率驱动源结构紧凑化的工程应用中,L型连接结构的输出波形能基本满足要求。     

拉伸分子高次谐波产生的阿秒控制

通过数值求解一维含时薛定谔方程,本文研究了高频阿秒脉冲对拉伸双原子分子模型与低频飞秒激光脉冲相互作用产生高次谐波谱的影响.研究表明,若阿秒脉冲在低频脉冲的第二个光学周期截止处注入时,只第二个平台截止位置IP 5.6UP(IP为电离势,UP为有质动力能)附近谐波的效率得到显著提高;若阿秒脉冲的包络峰值处于低频脉冲第三个光学周期T/4(为飞秒激光脉冲的光学周期)附近时,则谐波谱出现了明显的整体抬高现象.对此,本文根据拉伸分子谐波谱的四种产生机制及阿秒脉冲在飞秒激光不同相位注入时的电子电离曲线,对这些谐波谱的结构给出了合理解释.     

Nonlinear optics of intense attosecond light pulses

The interaction of an intense light pulse of "subatomic" duration with a system of multiple discrete quantum states is analyzed. The nonperturbative character of the response to the pulse field leading to an efficient conversion into high order harmonics is predicted. The spatial-temporal evolution of the field is shown to obey a generalized nonlinear wave equation of the double-sine-Gordon type. In addition to the solitary wave structures, it predicts a nontrivial regime of pulse amplification accompanied by extreme temporal self-contraction of the amplified field.     

Micro-channel etching characteristics enhancement by femtosecond laser processing high-temperature lattice in fused silica glass

A fused silica glass micro-channel can be formed by chemical etching after femtosecond laser irradiation, and the successful etching probability is only 48%. In order to improve the micro-channel fabrication success probability,the method of processing a high-temperature lattice by a femtosecond laser pulse train is provided. With the same pulse energy and scanning speed, the success probability can be increased to 98% by optimizing pulse delay.The enhancement is mainly caused by the nanostructure, which changes from a periodic slabs structure to some intensive and loose pore structures. In this Letter, the optimum pulse energy distribution ratio to the etching is also investigated.     

Controlling the spacing of attosecond pulse trains from relativistic surface plasmas

When a laser pulse hits a solid surface with relativistic intensities, XUV attosecond pulses are generated in the reflected light. We present an experimental and theoretical study of the temporal properties of attosecond pulse trains in this regime. The recorded harmonic spectra show distinct fine structures which can be explained by a varying temporal pulse spacing that can be controlled by the laser contrast. The pulse spacing is directly related to the cycle-averaged motion of the reflecting surface. Thus the harmonic spectrum contains information on the relativistic plasma dynamics.