声表面波在压电晶体表面上的聚焦特性

研究了压电晶体表面上圆弧形叉指换能器产生的声表面波的聚焦现象。用作者提出的压电晶体表面激发的严格矢量场理论来计算会聚的表面波声场,取代了比较流行的源于光学的标量角谱理论。理论分析表明介质的各向异性对声束的会聚特性有很大的影响,如焦长和焦点附近声场的对称性。在实验中可以用光学暗场法来观察声表面波场的会聚。尽管各向异性介质或各向异性压电晶体上表面波声场的会聚都非常复杂,实验的结果和理论分析比较一致。     

单轴晶体中光轴任意取向时寻常光与非常光间的离散

晶体器件（特别是非线性光学器件）的性能与晶体内o光与e光的离散有很大的关系。详细讨论了光在晶体表面折射时，对于任意光轴取向、任意入射角情况，如何确定o光与e光的离散。借助于转动晶体的方法，形象地描绘出e光相对o光的离散曲线。当入射角较大时，离散曲线的形状 随光轴取向变化很大：从简单的圆或椭圆到复杂的双闭合曲线。理论计算与实验结果很好地吻合。     

大口径DKDP晶体受激拉曼散射增益系数的测量（英）

大口径KDP/DKDP晶体在强紫外光辐照下产生横向受激拉曼散射效应（TSRS）, 受激放大的拉曼散射光将导致激光能量损失甚至激光损伤, 测量DKDP晶体TSRS增益系数对设置激光装置的运行区间以确保晶体的安全使用非常重要。采用高精度光谱仪探测大口径DKDP晶体（氘含量65%）在351 nm激光辐照下的横向拉曼散射信号, 得到了拉曼散射光的增长曲线, 拟合得到的拉曼增益系数为0.109 cm/GW。同时, 实验结果表明晶体体损伤不影响TSRS增长行为, 表明晶体体损伤对拉曼增益系数测量结果的影响可以忽略。     

微光CCD—TV摄象机

CCD(电荷耦合器件)图象传感器是一种高灵敏度摄象器件。如果把 CCD 图象传感器冷却,或用纤维光学把象增强器和 CCD 耦合,或 CCD 以电子轰击方式工作,均可获得良好的微光性能。本文报导了国外各种微光CCID(电荷耦合成象器件)和 CCD—TV 摄象机的研制水平和使用情况.     

大口径DKDP晶体受激拉曼散射增益系数的测量（英文）

大口径KDP/DKDP晶体在强紫外光辐照下产生横向受激拉曼散射效应(TSRS),受激放大的拉曼散射光将导致激光能量损失甚至激光损伤,测量DKDP晶体TSRS增益系数对设置激光装置的运行区间以确保晶体的安全使用非常重要。采用高精度光谱仪探测大口径DKDP晶体(氘含量65%)在351nm激光辐照下的横向拉曼散射信号,得到了拉曼散射光的增长曲线,拟合得到的拉曼增益系数为0.109cm/GW。同时,实验结果表明晶体体损伤不影响TSRS增长行为,表明晶体体损伤对拉曼增益系数测量结果的影响可以忽略。     

大口径DKDP晶体受激拉曼散射增益系数的测量（英）

大口径KDP/DKDP晶体在强紫外光辐照下产生横向受激拉曼散射效应（TSRS）, 受激放大的拉曼散射光将导致激光能量损失甚至激光损伤, 测量DKDP晶体TSRS增益系数对设置激光装置的运行区间以确保晶体的安全使用非常重要。采用高精度光谱仪探测大口径DKDP晶体（氘含量65%）在351 nm激光辐照下的横向拉曼散射信号, 得到了拉曼散射光的增长曲线, 拟合得到的拉曼增益系数为0.109 cm/GW。同时, 实验结果表明晶体体损伤不影响TSRS增长行为, 表明晶体体损伤对拉曼增益系数测量结果的影响可以忽略。     

介质的非均匀性对高次谐波影响的研究

讨论了气体介质的非均匀性对飞秒激光高次谐波产生过程的可能影响.计算结果表明,采用喷阀技术所提供的气体介质的密度梯度和气体原子运动速度的影响很小,不会产生实验上可观测的效果.这一结果支持了喷气靶在高次谐波产生中的广泛应用 关键词： 高次谐波 气体介质 各向异性 飞秒激光     

固体摄象器件的特点和应用

本文主要介绍固体摄象器件的现状、特点、功能、应用电路及应用领域。一、固体摄象器件的现状固体摄象器件目前主要有OCD、MOS、CPD三种类型。MOS器件现已大量进入市场,主要优点是没有惰性,动态范围大,彩色混色小。缺点是灵敏度和分辨率不及CCD的。 OCD器件是固体摄象器件的主流。其优     

人造石英单晶中位错双折射像的反衬

考虑了光弹系数的各向异性,对石英晶体中位错双折射象的反衬进行了计算。在实验上采用反射偏光法抵消旋光后沿光轴观察获得了位错双折射象,并和计算结果进行了比较。 关键词：     

各向异性介质的平行平板干涉

提出了各向异性介质平行平板干涉中的相位差计算方法.证明了e光干涉产生的条纹为严格的椭圆曲线,椭圆长短轴的比值等于o光主折射率与e光主折射率之比,而与晶体厚度、干涉级等参数无关.拍摄了实验干涉图,并用最小二乘法对干涉条纹进行椭圆曲线拟合,结果与理论完全一致.本文提出的方法可用于晶体主折射率比值的精确简便测量.     

Diffraction-managed superlensing using plasmonic lattices

We show that subwavelength diffracted wave fields may be managed inside multilayered plasmonic devices to achieve ultra-resolving lensing. For that purpose we first transform both homogeneous waves and a broad band of evanescent waves into propagating Bloch modes by means of a metal/dielectric (MD) superlattice. Beam spreading is subsequently compensated by means of negative refraction in a plasmon-induced anisotropic medium that is cemented behind. A precise design of the superlens doublet may lead to nearly aberration-free images with subwavelength resolution in spite of using optical paths longer than a wavelength.     

磁化冷等离子体球的太赫兹散射特性

基于位函数的引入与介质参量无关,将各向异性目标内外的电场展为级数形式,得到了任意各向异性目标n阶散射场、目标内场的递推表达式,给出了介电常量张量的变换关系,在平面波任意入射的条件下,并给出了传播单位矢量与极化单位矢量的一般关系.以磁化冷等离子体为例,给出了一阶散射场的具体表达式,并对二阶散射场引起的误差进行了评估.在THz波段和光波段,对所得结果进行了部分仿真.结果表明:微分散射对电波频率和极化状态等因素的影响较为敏感,介电常量张量的非对角元素对散射的影响不大,当波长与目标尺寸一定时,仿真结果不仅适用于THz波段,对其它波段也成立.     

双向隐形传态方案及安全性分析

基于位函数的引入与介质参量无关,将各向异性目标内外的电场展为级数形式,得到了任意各向异性目标n阶散射场、目标内场的递推表达式,给出了介电常量张量的变换关系,在平面波任意入射的条件下,并给出了传播单位矢量与极化单位矢量的一般关系.以磁化冷等离子体为例,给出了一阶散射场的具体表达式,并对二阶散射场引起的误差进行了评估.在THz波段和光波段,对所得结果进行了部分仿真.结果表明:微分散射对电波频率和极化状态等因素的影响较为敏感,介电常量张量的非对角元素对散射的影响不大,当波长与目标尺寸一定时,仿真结果不仅适用于THz波段,对其它波段也成立.     

Reflection characterization of anisotropic ultrathin dielectric films on absorbing isotropic substrates

The reflection of linearly polarized light from an ultrathin anisotropic dielectric film on isotropic absorbing substrate is investigated analytically in the long-wavelength limit. All analytical results are correlated with the numerical solution of the anisotropic reflection problem on the basis of rigorous electromagnetic theory. Simple analytical approach developed in this work not only gives a physical insight into the reflection problem but also provides a way of estimating the necessary experimental accuracy for optical diagnostics by reflection characteristics. It is shown that obtained expressions are of immediate interest for determining the parameters of anisotropic surface layers. Innovative possibilities for optical diagnostics of anisotropic properties of ultrathin dielectric layers upon absorbing materials are discussed.     

高斯分层介质粗糙面光波透射问题的微扰法研究

运用微扰法研究平面波入射分层介质粗糙面的光波透射问题,推出了不同极化状态的透射光波散射系数公式。采用高斯粗糙面来模拟实际的分层介质粗糙面,结合高斯粗糙面的功率谱导出了平面波入射高斯分层介质粗糙面的透射系数计算公式。通过数值计算得到HH极化透射系数随透射光波散射角变化的曲线,讨论底层介质介电常数、中间介质介电常数和厚度、粗糙面参数及入射光波长对透射系数的影响。数值计算结果表明：底层介质介电常数、中间介质介电常数和厚度、粗糙面参数及入射光波长对透射系数的影响是非常复杂的。     

Optical absorption and energy-loss spectra of aligned carbon nanotubes

Optical-absorption cross-sections and energy-loss spectra of aligned multishell carbon nanotubes are investigated, on the basis of photonic band-structure calculations. A local graphite-like dielectric tensor is assigned to every point of the tubules, and the effective transverse dielectric function of the composite is computed by solving Maxwell's equations in media with tensor-like dielectric functions. A Maxwell-Garnett-like approach appropriate to the case of infinitely long anisotropic tubules is also developed. Our full calculations indicate that the experimentally measured macroscopic dielectric function of carbon nanotube materials is the result of a strong electromagnetic coupling between the tubes. An analysis of the electric-field pattern associated with this coupling is presented, showing that in the close-packed regime the incident radiation excites a very localized tangential surface plasmon. Received 18 January 2001     

Tunable band gaps in electro-optical photonic bi-oriented crystals

Electrically induced birefringence is studied in photonic bi-oriented crystals in terms of molding lightflow in optical devices. In photonic bi-oriented crystals, misorientation of dielectric anisotropic grains results in a dielectric contrast at the grain boundaries. The translational periodicity of the optical constants depends upon a regular network of twisted dielectrics. Due to the anisotropy of the bicrystalline structure the direction of light propagation determines the dielectric contrast at the grain boundaries. In a specific crystallographic arrangement the optical properties of the bi-oriented crystal can be tuned by the electro-optical effect: the periodic dielectric contrast is electrically induced and photonic bandgaps are generated by applying external electric fields. The geometrical requirements for tunable photonic bicrystals are evaluated based on materials employed for electro-optical applications. Tunable photonic bi-oriented crystals may be candidates for fast optical switches, modulators and multiplexers in the optical communication network. Received: 5 July 2001 / Revised version: 3 August 2001 / Published online: 15 October 2001     

负性介电各向异性向列相液晶中空间光孤子的理论研究

对非局域非线性介质向列相液晶中介电各向异性为负时的情况进行了研究.理论研究表明,负性介电各向异性的向列相液晶具有负的非线性系数.文中给出了其空间非局域响应特征宽度和非线性系数的表达式,并求出了其非局域响应函数;其次,用数值计算的方法给出了其空间孤子的传输结果.最后,研究了光束功率和偏置电压的改变对负性介电各向异性向列相液晶中光束传输的影响,发现偏置电压的改变会导致光束在负性介电各向异性液晶中形成孤子所需的临界功率发生改变.     

Digital resolution enhancement in surface plasmon microscopy

The use of photonic crystal and negative refractive index materials is known to improve the resolution of optical microscopy and lithography devices down to the 80 nm level. Here we demonstrate that utilization of well-known digital image recovery techniques allows us to further improve the resolution of optical microscopy down to the 30 nm level. Our microscope is based on a flat dielectric mirror deposited onto an array of nanoholes in thin gold film. This two-dimensional photonic crystal mirror may have either a positive or negative effective refractive index as perceived by surface plasmon polartions in the visible frequency range. The optical images formed by the mirror are enhanced using simple digital filters. PACS 73.20.Mf; 42.70.Qs; 07.60.Pb     

Beam focusing through a tapered subwavelength aperture surrounded by dielectric surface gratings

A novel plasmonic nanolens formed by a tapered subwavelength metal slit surrounded by surface dielectric gratings is proposed and demonstrated numerically. By patterning surface corrugations on the output surface, the beam can be focused, by regulating the aperture, the focal length can be controlled effectively. Numerical simulations using Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method coupled with anisotropic perfectly matched layer (APML) boundary conditions verify that the proposed metallic lens can focus the radiation on the scale of a wavelength below the substrate and the method is effective for the design of nano-optical devices such as optical microprobes.