External stability of resonances in the motion of an asymmetric rigid body with a strong magnet in the geomagnetic field

We consider a precession motion, close to the classical Lagrange case, of an asymmetric rigid body with a strong magnet in an orbit in the geomagnetic field. For the principal moment we take the restoring torque due to the interaction between the planet magnetic fields and the rigid body. The perturbing actions are due to small moments of the rigid body mass-inertial asymmetry and small constant moments. We show that these perturbations result in the realization of secondary resonance effects in the rotational motion of the rigid body caused by the influence of resonance denominators in higher-order approximations of the averaging method. These effects were discovered in the study of rotational motion of a satellite with a magnetic damper in the nearly Euler case. In the present paper, we analyze both the secondary resonance effects themselves and the external stability of resonances. We obtain conditions ensuring a decrease in the angular velocity of the rigid body rotation about its center of mass. We also discover several new laws of influence of resonances on the nonresonance evolution of slow variables, which is related to the appearance of stable resonances.     

On nonlinear evolution equations of a three-dimensional capillary-gravity wave packet at the interface of two superposed fluids

Assuming amplitudes as slowly varying functions of space and time and using a perturbation method, two coupled nonlinear partial differential equations are derived that give the nonlinear evolution of the amplitude of a three-dimensional capillary-gravity wave packet at the interface of two superposed incompressible fluid layers of finite depths, including the effect of its interaction with a long gravity wave. Starting from these two coupled equations, a balanced set of modulation equations, both at nonresonance and at resonance, is derived. The balanced set of modulation equations, at nonresonance, reduces to a single nonlinear Schrödinger equation, if it is assumed that space variation of the amplitudes depends only on variation along an arbitrary fixed horizontal direction. Modulational instability conditions, both at resonance and at nonresonance, are also deduced. The advantage of the perturbation method adopted in the present problem, over the reductive perturbation method, is noticed.     

EXTENSION OF POINCARE’S NONLINEAR OSCILLATION THEORY TO CONTINUUM MECHANICS (I)-BASIC THEORY AND METHOD

In this paper we extend Poincare’s nonlinear oscillation theory of discrete system to continuum mechanics. First we investigate the existence conditions of periodic solution for linear continuum system in the states of resonance and non-resonance. By applying the results of linear theory, we prove that the main conclusion of Poincare’s nonlinear oscillation theory can be extended to continuum mechanics. Besides, in this paper a new method is suggested to calculate the periodic solution in the states of both resonance and nonresonance by means of the direct perturbation of partial differential equation and weighted integration.     

Stability of plane oscillations of a satellite in a circular orbit

We study motions of a rigid body (a satellite) about the center of mass in a central Newtonian gravitational field in a circular orbit. There is a known particular motion of the satellite in which one of its principal central axes of inertia is perpendicular to the orbit plane and the satellite itself exhibits plane pendulum-like oscillations about this axis. Under the assumption that the satellite principal central moments of inertia A, B, and C satisfy the relation B = A + C corresponding to the case of a thin plate, we perform rigorous nonlinear analysis of the orbital stability of this motion.In the plane of the problem parameters, namely, the oscillation amplitude ε and the inertial parameter, there exist countably many domains of orbital stability of the satellite oscillations in the linear approximation. Nonlinear orbital stability analysis was carried out in thirteen of these domains. Isoenergetic reduction of the system of equations of the perturbed motion is performed at the energy level corresponding to the unperturbed periodic motion. Further, using the algorithm developed in [1], we construct the symplectic mapping generated by the equations of the reduced system, normalize it, and analyze the stability. We consider resonance and nonresonance cases. For small values of the oscillation amplitude, we perform analytic investigations; for arbitrary values of ε, numerical analysis is used.Earlier, numerical analysis of stability of plane pendulum-like motions of a satellite in a circular orbit was performed in several special cases in [1–4].     

On Double Crater-Like Probability Density Functions of a Duffing Oscillator Subjected to Harmonic and Stochastic Excitation

It is a well-known phenomenon of the Duffing oscillator under harmonic excitation,that there is a frequency range, where two stable and one unstable stationarysolution coexist. If the Duffing oscillator is harmonically excited in thisfrequency range and additionally excited, e.g. by white noise, a double crater-likeprobability density function can be observed, if the noise intensity is smallcompared to the harmonic excitation. The aim of this paper is to calculate thisprobability density function approximately using perturbation techniques. Thestationary solutions in the deterministic case are calculated using theperturbation technique for the resonance case. In a second step, the probabilitydensity function of the perturbation of each of those stationary solutions iscalculated using the perturbation technique for the nonresonance case. This resultsin two crater-like probability density functions which are superimposed by usingthe probability of realization of each of the stationary solutions in thedeterministic case. The probability is calculated using numerical integration orthe method of slowly changing phase and amplitude. Finally, probability densityfunctions obtained in this manner are compared to Monte Carlo simulations.     

Behavior of perturbations of solitary and periodic waves on the surface of a heavy liquid

In [1] a system of equations was obtained for the case of a potential motion of an ideal incompressible homogeneous fluid; the system described the propagation of a train of waves in a medium with slowly varying properties, the motion in the train being characterized by a wave vector and a frequency. A solitary wave is a particular case of a wave train in which the length of the waves in the train is large. In [2, 3] a quasilinear system of partial differential equations was obtained which described two-dimensional and three-dimensional motion of a solitary wave in a layer of liquid of variable depth. It follows from this system that if the unperturbed state of the liquid is the quiescent state, then some integral quantity (the average wave energy [2–4]), referred to an element of the front, is preserved during the course of the motion. This fact is also valid for a train of waves, and can be demonstrated to be so upon applying the formalism of [1] to a Lagrangian similar to that used in [2]. In the present paper we obtain, for the case of a layer of liquid of constant depth, a solution in the form of simple waves for a system, equivalent to the system obtained in [3], describing the motion of a solitary wave and also the motion of a train of waves. We show that it is possible to have tilting of simple waves, leading in the case considered here to the formation of corner points on the wave front. We consider several examples of initial perturbations, and we obtain their asymptotics as t→∞. We make our presentation for the solitary wave case; however, in view of our statement above, the results automatically carry over to the case of a train of waves.     

Motion of two interconnected mass points under action of non-symmetric viscous friction

This paper deals with the analysis of a one-dimensional motion of two mass points in a resistive medium. The force of resistance is described by small non-symmetric viscous friction acting on each mass point. The magnitude of this force depends on the direction of motion. The mass points are interconnected with a kinematic constraint or with an elastic element. Using the averaging method the expressions for the stationary “on the average” velocity of the systems’s motion as a single whole is found. In case of a small degree of non-symmetry an explicit expression for the stationary “on the average” velocity of the system is derived. For the other case we obtained algebraic equations for the corresponding stationary velocity.     

On the Use of the Continuum Mechanics Method for Describing Interactions in Discrete Systems with Rotational Degrees of Freedom

Elastic interactions in a system of two body-points possessing both translational and rotational degrees of freedom are studied for the most general case of motion in 3D space. The continuum mechanics method is used as a theoretical foundation for describing the interactions. A definition of strain measures for the discrete system is given by analogy with that in continuum mechanics. Constitutive equations for force and moment vectors are derived based on the energy balance equation. Several new interaction potentials are suggested.     

Gas-dynamic analogy for vortex free-boundary flows

The classical shallow-water equations describing the propagation of long waves in flow without a shear of the horizontal velocity along the vertical coincide with the equations describing the isentropic motion of a polytropic gas for a polytropic exponent γ = 2 (in the theory of fluid wave motion, this fact is called the gas-dynamic analogy). A new mathematical model of long-wave theory is derived that describes shear free-boundary fluid flows. It is shown that in the case of one-dimensional motion, the equations of the new model coincide with the equations describing nonisentropic gas motion with a special choice of the equation of state, and in the multidimensional case, the new system of long-wave equations differs significantly from the gas motion model. In the general case, it is established that the system of equations derived is a hyperbolic system. The velocities of propagation of wave perturbations are found. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 48, No. 3, pp. 8–15, May–June, 2007.     

An estimate for the number of relative equilibria in the motion of a plane rigid body and a material point under mutual attraction

The plane motion of a rigid body with a discrete mass distribution and a material point under mutual attraction is considered. The stationary configurations of this mechanical system are studied in the case when the mass of the material point can be ignored and the body rotates about its mass center at a nonzero angular velocity and in the general case of mutual interaction between the body and the material point. It is shown that in this mechanical system there always exist at least two different positions of relative equilibrium.     

具有单侧刚性约束的两自由度振动系统在强共振条件下的拟周 …

采用理论分析和数值仿真相结合的方法,研究了一类两自由度碰撞振动系统在一种强共振条件下的Ｈｏｐｆ分叉问题,分析并证实了碰撞振动系统在此共振条件下可由稳定的周期１－１振动分叉为不稳定的周期３－３振动,讨论了亚谐振动向混沌运动的演化过程。     

Nonlinear dynamic response of axially moving,stretched viscoelastic strings

The dynamical response of axially moving, partially supported, stretched viscoelastic belts is investigated analytically in this paper. The Kelvin–Voigt viscoelastic material model is considered and material, not partial, time derivative is employed in the viscoelastic constitutive relation. The string is considered as a three part system: one part resting on a nonlinear foundation and two that are free to vibrate. The tension in the belt span is assumed to vary periodically over a mean value (as it occurs in real mechanisms), and the corresponding equation of motion is derived by applying Newton’s second law of motion for an infinitesimal element of the string. The method of multiple scales is applied to the governing equation of motion, and nonlinear natural frequencies and complex eigenfunctions of the system are obtained analytically. Regarding the resonance case, the limit-cycle of response is formulated analytically. Finally, the effects of system parameters such as axial speed, excitation characteristics, viscousity and foundation modulus on the dynamical response, natural frequencies and bifurcation points of system are presented.     

Periodic Solutions of Symmetric Perturbations of Gravitational Potentials

It is shown that for certain symmetric perturbations of gravitational potentials in the space, which admit two first integrals of motion, a circular solution of the unperturbed system with inclination different from 0 and π gives rise to a periodic solution of the reduced dynamics which is defined in the quotient space of the action by the subgroup that fixes the symmetry axis. In the planar case, if we assume that the system admits a first integral of motion which is also symmetric with respect to the origin, then it is shown that each circular solution of the unperturbed problem gives rise to a periodic solution of the perturbed system.     

Thermo-mechanical nonlinear dynamics of a buckled axially moving beam

The thermo-mechanical nonlinear dynamics of a buckled axially moving beam is numerically investigated, with special consideration to the case with a three-to-one internal resonance between the first two modes. The equation of motion of the system traveling at a constant axial speed is obtained using Hamilton??s principle. A closed form solution is developed for the post-buckling configuration for the system with an axial speed beyond the first instability. The equation of motion over the buckled state is obtained for the forced system. The equation is reduced into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations via the Galerkin method. This set is solved using the pseudo-arclength continuation technique to examine the frequency response curves and direct-time integration to construct bifurcation diagrams of Poincaré maps. The vibration characteristics of the system at points of interest in the parameter space are presented in the form of time histories, phase-plane portraits, and Poincaré sections.     

Nonlinear flexural-flexural-torsional interactions in beams including the effect of torsional dynamics. II: Combination resonance

In Part I of this work nonlinear coupling between torsional motion and both in-plane and out-of-plane flexural motion was examined for inextensional beams in the presence of a one-to-one internal resonance. Here the nonlinear response of the system considered in Part I is investigated for the case of an internal combination resonance involving modes associated with bending in two directions and torsion. The analysis presented is based on a consistent set of nonlinear differential equations which contain both curvature and inertia nonlinearities and account for torsional dynamics.     

Stability of the motion of a rigid body in an unsteady flow

The problem of rigid-body motion in an unsteady gas flow is considered using a flow model [1] in which the motion of the body is described by a system of integrodifferential equations. The case in which among the characteristic exponents of the fundamental system of solutions of the linearized equations there are not only negative but also one zero exponent is analyzed. The instability conditions established with respect to the second-order terms on the right sides of the equations are noted. The problem may be regarded as a generalization of the problem of the lateral instability of an airplane in the critical case solved by Chetaev [2], pp. 407–408.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 3, pp. 18–22, May–June, 1989.     

Investigation of the interaction between a viscous incompressible fluid layer and walls of a channel formed by coaxial vibrating discs

The interaction between a viscous incompressible fluid layer and walls of a channel formed by two concentric discs moving perpendicularly to their planes due to vibration of the base on which the channel is mounted is investigated. The case of two absolutely rigid discs with elastic suspension and the case in which one of the discs is an elastic plate with the rigid restrain on the edges are considered. The velocity and pressure distributions over the fluid and the laws of motion of the walls and their frequency characteristics which make it possible to determine the resonance vibration frequencies of the mechanical system considered are found.     

Unsteady pressure in the annular flow between two concentric cylinders,one of which is oscillating: Experiment and theory

The first objective of this paper is to present a series of accurate experimental measurements of the unsteady pressure in the annulus between two concentric cylinders, the outer one of which executes a harmonic planar motion, either transverse translational or rocking motion about a hinge, with and without annular flow. The second objective is the solution of the unsteady Navier–Stokes and continuity equations for the same annular geometry under the same boundary conditions for an incompressible fluid in the laminar regime. The solutions are obtained with a three-time-level implicit integration method in a fixed computational domain by assuming small amplitudes of oscillation of the outer cylinder. A pseudo-time integration method with artificial compressibility is used to advance the solution between consecutive real time levels. The finite difference method is used for spatial discretization on a stretched staggered grid. The problem is reduced to a scalar tridiagonal system, solved by a decoupling procedure which is based on a factored Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) scheme with lagged nonlinearities. The third objective is the comparison of the experimental results with the theoretical ones. This comparison shows that the two are in good agreement in the case of translational motion, and in excellent agreement in the case of rocking motion. The experimental and theoretical work presented in this paper is useful for fluid–structure interaction and flow-induced vibration analyses in such geometries.     

On the damping of nonlinear vibrations in some second-order dynamical systems

This paper continues the study of damping of nonlinear vibrations in second-order dynamical systems for the case considered in [1]. The estimates obtained for energy scattering are applied to a system of two bodies connected by a weightless elastic cable. The system rotates in a plane, and the viscous friction forces in the cable are taken into account. The external drag forces are neglected. Such a problem arises, for example, if the motion of a system of elastically connected spacecraft far from attracting centers is considered [2, 3].