Preparations of 5-alkylmethylidene-3-carboxymethylrhodanine derivatives and their aldose reductase inhibitory activity

Reactions of 3-carboxymethylrhodanine (1) with aldehydes (2a-u) afforded stereoselectively the 5-mono-alkylmethylidene-3-carboxymethylrhodanines (3a-u). The configuration of the 5-monoalkylmethylidene-3-carboxymethylrhodanine (3k) were examined by X-ray structure analysis and confirmed to be Z-configuration. The stereoselective reaction path was discussed. Several 5-dialkylmethylidene-3-carboxymethylrhodanines (15a-f) and alkylamino derivatives of 3-carboxymethylrhodanines (18a-o) were also prepared. These products were evaluated for aldose reductase-inhibitory potency and half of them exhibited valuable inhibitory potency.     

2-芳胺基-5-[5'-氨基-1'-(4"-氯苯基)-1',2',3'-三唑-4'-基]-1,3,4-噻二唑的合成

1-[5'-氨基-1'-(4"-氯苯基)-1,2,3-三唑-4'-甲酰基]-4-芳基-3-氨基硫脲在浓硫酸催化下环化得到2-芳胺基-5-[5'-氨基-1'-(4"-氯苯基)-1',2',3',-三唑-4'-基]-1,3,4-噻二唑2a-i, 依此法合成了九个标题化合物, 收率为30-74%。化合物2i的结构用X-光衍射单晶分析确证。     

计算机辅助设计新型人脂肪酸合酶抑制剂及其抗肿瘤活性

以Orlistat为先导化合物,利用AutoDock进行计算机模拟对接,在对接结果中选择能量较低的6个结构进行合成与抗肿瘤活性筛选。以orlistat为原料,经2步反应制得苄基(2S,3S,5S)-2-己基-3,5-二羟基十六酸酯(2); 再经4步反应获得(3S,4S)-3-己基-4-［(S)-2-羟基十三烷基］氧杂环丁烷-2-酮(5); 5在EDCI作用下与酸经缩合反应合成了4个计新型人脂肪酸合酶抑制剂（6a~6d）,其中6b~6d为新化合物,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR 和HR-MS（ESI）表征。体外初步活性测试表明：(S)-1-［(1S,2S)-3-己基-4-氧代氧杂环丁烷-2-基］十三烷-2-烟酸酯（6a）对MDA-MB-231细胞有较好的抑制作用,其IC₅₀为11.72 μmol·mL^-1,优于Orlistat(21.5 μmol·mL^-1)。     

2-芳胺基-5-[5′-氨基-1′-(4″-氯苯基)-1′,2′,3′-三唑-4′-基]-1,3,4-噻二唑的合成~≠

1-[5’-氨基-1’-(4”-氯苯基)-1,2,3-三唑-4’-甲酰基]-4-芳基-3-氨基硫脲在浓硫酸催化下环化得到2-芳胺基-5-[5’-氨基-1’-(4”-氯苯基)-1’,2’,3’,-三唑-4’-基]-1,3,4-噻二唑2a～i,依次法合成了九个标题化合物,收率为30～74％。化合物2i的结构用X-光衍射单晶分析确证。     

Three new diarylheptanoids and their antioxidant property

Three new diarylheptanoids,i.e.,sodium(5S,2E)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-hydroxy-2-hepten-5-sulfonate(1), sodium(5R,2E)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-hydroxy-2-hepten-5-sulfonate (2) and 3,5-diacetoxy-1-(3-methoxy-4,5-dihydroxy- phenyl)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)heptane (3) were isolated from the rhizomes of Zingiber officinale.The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods.The antioxidant activities of 3 were assayed by in vitro models involving DPPH free radicals and superoxide anion radicals.     

Cyclopropane-based stereochemical diversity-oriented conformational restriction strategy: histamine H3 and/or H4 receptor ligands with the 2,3-methanobutane backbone

The stereochemical diversity-oriented conformational restriction strategy can be an efficient method for developing specific ligands for drug target proteins. To develop potent histamine H(3) and/or H(4) receptor ligands, a series of conformationally restricted analogs of histamine with a chiral trans- or cis-4-amino-2,3-methano-1-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)butane structure was designed based on this strategy. These stereochemically diverse compounds were synthesized from previously developed versatile chiral cyclopropane units. Among these analogs, a trans-cyclopropane-type compound, (2S,3R)-4-(4-chlorobenzylamino)-2,3-methano-1-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)butane (5b), has remarkable antagonistic activity to both the H(3) (K(i) = 4.4 nM) and H(4) (K(i) = 5.5 nM) receptors, and a cis-cyclopropane-type compound, (2R,3R)-4-amino-2,3-methano-1-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)butane (6a), is a potent and selective H(3) receptor partial agonist (K(i) = 5.4 nM). Although (2S,3R)-4-amino-2,3-methano-1-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)butane (5a) does not have a hydrophobic group which the usual H(3) receptor antagonists have, it was found to be a potent H(3) receptor antagonist (K(i) = 20.1 nM). Thus, a variety of compounds with different pharmacological properties depending on the cyclopropane backbones and also on the side-chain functional groups were identified. In addition to the previously used 1,2-methanobutane backbone, the 2,3-methanobutane backbone also worked effectively as a cyclopropane-based conformational restriction structure. Therefore, the combination of these two cyclopropane backbones increases the stereochemical and three-dimensional diversity of compounds in this strategy, which can provide a variety of useful compounds with different pharmacological properties.     

An efficient one-pot three-component synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of tetra substituted thiophene derivatives

A convenient one-pot three-component method for the preparation of tetra-substituted thiophene derivatives has been developed. Reaction of acetyl acetone 1, phenyl isothiocynate 2 and 2-chloromethyl derivatives 3a–3c in the presence of potassium carbonate afforded the target compounds, namely ethyl2-(4-acetyl-3-methyl-5-(phenylamino)thiophen-2-yl)-2-oxoacetate derivatives 4a–4e, ethyl 3-(4-acetyl-3-methyl-5-(phenylamino)thiophen-2-yl)-3-oxopropanoate derivatives 4f–4i, di((4-acetyl-3-methyl-5-phenylamino)thiophen-2-yl)ketone derivatives 4j–4n in reasonable overall yields. The synthesized compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity. The detailed synthesis, spectroscopic data and antimicrobial activities of synthesized compounds were reported.     

Deactivation pathways of ethylene polymerization catalysts derived from titanium and zirconium 1,3-bis(furyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisilazide complexes

The stoichiometric reaction between the previously described lithium amide salts, LiN(SiMe2R)2 [Li{i}, R = furyl, Li{ii}, R = 2-methylfuryl] and titanium(iv)chloride at low temperature afforded the mono-amide compounds Ti{i}Cl3 (1a) and Ti{ii}Cl3 (1b). The analogous zirconium derivatives Zr{i}Cl3 (3a) and Zr{ii}Cl3 (3b) were accessed via the reaction of excess trimethylsilylchloride with the mixed tetra-amide species, Zr{i}(NMe2)3 (2a) and Zr{ii}(NMe2)3 (2b). The bis-amide complexes Ti{ii}2Cl2 (4b), Zr{i}2Cl2 (5a) and Zr{ii}2Cl2 (5b) were synthesized in a straightforward salt metathesis reaction employing two equivalents of Li{i} or Li{ii} with the metal salts, MCl4(THF)2. The reactivity of the halide compounds 1 and 3-5 with a variety of alkylating agents was studied, with ligand transfer from the transition-element to the main group metal-alkyl reagent being the predominant reaction pathway. The reaction of 4b with MeLi was, however, partially successful affording the titanium(III) complex, Ti{ii}2X (X = Cl/Me, 6b'); this compound was subsequently made as the pure chloride from the reaction of two equivalents of Li{iii} with TiCl3(THF)3. The targeted dialkyl species, Ti{ii}Me2 (7b), was successfully isolated from the reaction between the dichloride 4b and dimethylmagnesium. The molecular structures of 1a, 1b, [3a]2 [3b]2, 4b, 5b and 6b have been solved using single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques, indicating varying nuclearity of the complexes and hapticities for the amide ligands in the solid-state. The catalytic activity of selected complexes in the polymerization of ethylene is reported.     

Simultaneous determination of benzotriazoles and ultraviolet filters in ground water, effluent and biosolid samples using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

A new method using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was developed for the determination of four benzotriazoles, i.e. benzotriazole (BT), 5-methylbenzotriazole (5-TTri), 5-chlorobenzotriazole (CBT), 5,6-dimethylbenzotriazole (XTri), and six UV filters, i.e. benzophenone-3 (BP-3), 3-(4-methylbenzylidene)camphor (4-MBC), octyl 4-methoxycinnamate (OMC), 2-(3-t-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-5-chloro benzotriazole (UV-326), 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-octylphenyl)-benzotriazole (UV-329), and octocrylene (OC) in ground water, effluent and biosolid samples. Solid phase extraction (SPE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) were applied as the preconcentration method for water samples (ground water and effluent) and biosolid samples, respectively. The optimized method allowed us to quantify all target compounds with the method detection limits ranging from 0.29 to 11.02 ng/L, 0.5 to 14.1 ng/L and 0.33 to 8.23 ng/g in tap water, effluent and biosolid samples, respectively. The recoveries of the target analytes in tap water, effluent and biosolid samples were 70-150%, 82-127% and 81-133%, respectively. The developed analytical method was applied in the determination of these target compounds in ground water, effluent and biosolid samples collected from Bolivar sewage treatment plants in South Australia. In effluent samples, the target compounds BT, 5-TTri, CBT, XTri and BP-3 tested were detected with the maximum concentration up to 2.2 μg/L for BT. In biosolid samples, eight out of ten compounds tested were found to be present at the concentrations ranging between 18.7 ng/g (5-TTri) and 250 ng/g (4-MBC).     

Synthesis and Biological Activity of ω-(5-Aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-thio)- and ω-(5-Aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-thioacetoxyl)-ω-(1-H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)acetophenones

Eighteen novel ω-(5-Aryl-1,3.4-oxadiazol-2-thio)-ω-(1-H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)acetophenones ( 4a-4i ) and ω-(5-Aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-thioacetoxyl)-ω-(1-H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)acetophenones ( 5a-5i ) were synthesized. All the compounds synthesized were confirmed by elemental analyses and spectral data. The biological activity of representative compounds was evaluated.     

间氯苯基锰卟啉-5-氟尿嘧啶配合物的合成及其对癌细胞的抑制活性

合成了4种新5-氟尿嘧啶-卟啉衍生物：5-[3-(2-(5-氟尿嘧啶-1-基)乙氧基)苯基]-10,15,20-三(3-氯苯基)卟啉(1a)、5-[3-(2-(5-氟尿嘧啶-1-基)乙氧基)苯基]- 10,15,20-三(3-氯苯基)锰卟啉(2a)、5-[3-(3-(5-氟尿嘧啶-1-基)丙氧基)苯基]-10,15,20-三(3-氯苯基)锰卟啉(2b)和5-[3-(4-(5-氟尿嘧啶-1-基)丁氧基)苯基]-10,15,20-三(3-氯苯基)锰卟啉(2c),通过UV-Vis、IR、MS及元素分析表征了它们的结构。 用噻唑蓝法（MTT法）测定了化合物2a、2b和2c对人胃癌细胞株BGC-823的抑制活性。 化合物2b的半数抑制浓度IC50为1.34 μmol/L,表明有一定的细胞毒作用。     

Synthesis and non-aqueous medium titrations of some new 4-benzylidenamino-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one derivatives

The synthesis of 3-alkyl(aryl)-4-(3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzylidenamino)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ones 3 from the reactions of 3-alkyl(aryl)-4-amino-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ones 2 with 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde is described.The acetylation and methylation reactions of the compounds 3 giving compounds of type 4 and 5, respectively, were investigated. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized using elemental analyses and IR, (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR and UV spectral data.In addition, to investigate the effects of solvents and molecular structure upon acidity,compounds 3 were titrated potentiometrically with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide in four non-aqueous solvents (isopropyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol, acetonitrile and N,N-dimethylformamide). The half-neutralization potential values and the corresponding pKa values were determined for all cases.     

Synthesis and biological evaluation of new pyrazolebenzene-sulphonamides as potential anticancer agents and hCA I and II inhibitors

Cancer is a disease characterized by the continuous growth of cells without adherence to the rules that healthy normal cells obey. Carbonic anhydrase I and II (CA I and CA II) inhibitors are used for the treatment of some diseases. The available drugs in the market have limitations or side effects, which bring about the need to develop new drug candidate compound(s) to overcome the problems at issue. In this study, new pyrazole-sulphonamide hybrid compounds 4-[5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-aryl-4,5-dihydro-1 H -pyrazol-1-yl]benzenesulphonamides (4a - 4j) were designed to discover new drug candidate compounds. The compounds 4a - 4j were synthesized and their chemical structures were confirmed using spectral techniques. The hypothesis tested was whether an introduction of methoxy and polymethoxy group(s) lead to an increased potency selectivity expression (PSE) value of the compound, which reflects cytotoxicity and selectivity of the compounds. The cytotoxicity of the compounds towards tumor cell lines were in the range of 6.7 – 400 µM. The compounds 4i (PSE₂ = 461.5) and 4g (PSE₁ = 193.2) had the highest PSE values in cytotoxicity assays. Ki values of the compounds were in the range of 59.8 ± 3.0 - 12.7 ± 1.7 nM towards hCA I and in the range of 24.1 ± 7.1 - 6.9 ± 1.5 nM towards hCA II. While the compounds 4b, 4f, 4g, and 4i showed promising cytotoxic effects, the compounds 4c and 4g had the inhibitory potency towards hCA I and hCA II, respectively. These compounds can be considered as lead compounds for further research.     

Identification of a new naphthalene and its derivatives from the bulb of eleutherine americana with inhibitory activity on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production

A new naphthoquinone, (-)-3-[2-(acetyloxy)propyl]-2-hydroxy-8-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (1) was isolated from the bulb of Eleutherine americana MERR. et HEYNE (Iridaceae) together with two known compounds, eleutherinol (6) and 1,5-dihydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone (7) which were found in this species for the first time. The other known compounds, (-)-isoeleutherin (2), (+)-eleutherin (3), (-)-hongconin (4), and (+)-dihydroeleutherinol (5) which were reported previously from this species, were also isolated in the present study. Compounds 2-6 exhibited potent inhibitory activity on nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 lipopolysaccharide-activated mouse macrophage cells with IC(50) values of 7.7, 11.4, 19.8, 21.7, and 34.4 microM, respectively, whereas the other two compounds, 1 and 7, were inactive. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis including 1D and 2D NMR experiments.     

Synthesis and anticancer activity of some new s-glycosyl and s-alkyl 1,2,4-triazinone derivatives

A series of S-glycosyl and S-alkyl derivatives of 4-amino-3-mercapto-6-(2-(2-thienyl)vinyl)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one (1) were synthesized using different halo compounds such as preacetylated sugar bromide, 4-bromobutylacetate, 2-acetoxyethoxy-methyl bromide, 3-chloropropanol, 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol, epichlorohydrin, allyl bromide, propargyl bromide, phthalic and succinic acids in POCl3. The structures of the synthesized compounds have been deduced from their elemental analysis and spectral (IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR) data. Some of the synthesized compounds were screened as anticancer agents. Significant anticancer activities were observed in vitro for some members of the series, and compounds 4-Amino-3-(3-hydroxypropylthio)-6-(2-(2-thienyl)vinyl)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one (12) and 3-(4-Oxo-3-(2-(2-thienyl)vinyl)-4H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo-[2,3-c][1,2,4]tr-iazin-7-yl)propanoic acid (18) are active cytotoxic agents against different cancer cell lines.     

A synthesis of 2-substituted 2-aminoethanol derivatives having inhibitory activity against protein kinase C.

A series of 2-aminoethanol derivatives was synthesized and their inhibitory activities against protein kinase C were investigated. Among these compounds, 2-endo-hexadecylamino-5-norbornene-2- exo-methanol (4h) and 2-endo-hexadecylamino-5-norbornene-2,3-exo-dimethanol (4i) inhibited protein kinase C at the IC50 values of 2 x 10(-5) and 1 x 10(-5) M, respectively, but not protein kinase A at a concentration of 1 x 10(-3) M. The structure-activity relationships are discussed.     

2-芳基-5-(4-硝基苯甲酰氨基)-1,3,4-噻二唑的合成

以芳甲酰肼和对硝基苯甲酰氯为主要原料, 合成出了10个酰氨基硫脲化合物5a～5j, 其中有6个(5d, 5f～5j)为新化合物. 在无需任何酸性催化剂条件下, 将制得的酰氨基硫脲在DMF中加热回流直接脱水关环合成出了9个2-芳基-5-(4-硝基苯甲酰氨基)-1,3,4-噻二唑化合物6a～6i, 其中7个(6b～6d, 6f～6i)为新化合物. 利用IR和1H NMR证明了化合物5存在两种异构体. 目标产物的结构通过IR, 1H NMR和元素分析进行了表征.     

Highly efficient total synthesis of the marine natural products (+)-avarone, (+)-avarol, (-)-neoavarone, (-)-neoavarol and (+)-aureol

Biologically important and structurally unique marine natural products avarone (1), avarol (2), neoavarone (3), neoavarol (4) and aureol (5), were efficiently synthesized in a unified manner starting from (+)-5-methyl-Wieland-Miescher ketone 10. The synthesis involved the following crucial steps: i) Sequential BF(3)Et(2)O-induced rearrangement/cyclization reaction of 2 and 4 to produce 5 with complete stereoselectivity in high yield (2 --> 5 and 4 --> 5); ii) strategic salcomine oxidation of the phenolic compounds 6 and 8 to derive the corresponding quinones 1 and 3 (6 --> 1 and 8 --> 3); and iii) Birch reductive alkylation of 10 with bromide 11 to construct the requisite carbon framework 12 (10 + 11 --> 12). An in vitro cytotoxicity assay of compounds 1-5 against human histiocytic lymphoma cells U937 determined the order of cytotoxic potency (3 > 1 > 5 > 2 > 4) and some novel aspects of structure-activity relationships.     

Molecular interactions of new pregnenedione derivatives

The in vitro inhibitory activity of five new progesterone derivatives: 17alpha-hydroxy-16beta-methylpregna-1,4,6-triene-3,20-dione 1; 16beta-methyl-17alpha-toluoyloxypregna-1,4,6-triene-3,20-dione 2; 17alpha-hydroxy-6-methylenepregn-4-ene-3,20-dione 3; 6-methylene-17alpha-toluoyloxypregn-4ene-3,20-dione 4 and 17alpha-(p-bromobenzoyloxy)-6-methylenepregn-4-ene-3,20-dione 5 was determined. These compounds were evaluated as 5alpha-reductase inhibitors as well as antagonists for the androgen receptor. Compounds 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 showed the following inhibitory activity for the 5alpha-reductase enzyme with IC(50) values of: 1 (1.65 microM), 2 (10 microM), 3 (19 nM), 4 (100 nM) and 5 (100 nM). The results of this study also showed the effect of increasing concentrations of the novel steroids upon [(3)H]dihydrotestosterone binding to androgen receptors from male hamster prostate. The K(i) values for compounds 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and dihydrotestosterone showed the following order of affinity for the androgen receptor: 4>5>dihydrotestosterone>2>3>1. The overall data indicated that all synthesized compounds 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 are inhibitors of the 5alpha-reductase enzyme present in the hamster prostate. In addition compounds 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 also presented an affinity for the androgen receptor.     

球形主体分子的包结性能及其在制备有机非线性光学材料 中的应用

提出了球形主体分子的设计思想,把具有球形结构的分子柏木醇(1)、马钱子碱(2)、三乙烯二胺(1,4-二氮-二环[2.2.2]辛烷(3)作为主体分子,把酚类化合物,诸如苯酚(4)、邻甲苯酚(5)、间甲苯酚(6)、对甲苯酚(7)、对氯苯酚(8)和对硝基苯酚(11)等作为客体分子,进行了主客体分子相素作用实验,采用粉末X射线衍射、1^HNMR等分析手段确认了包结化合物的形成及主客体分子的摩尔比,摩尔比(H/G)分别为(1)+(4)1:1,(1)+(5)1:1,(1)+(6)1:1,(1)+(7)1:1,(1)+(11)1:2,(2)+(11)1:1,(3)+(4)1:2,(3)+(5)1:3,(3)+(6)1:2,(3)+(7)1:2,(3)+(8)1:2,(3)+(11)1:2,对典型包结化合物的单晶,诸如柏木醇和邻甲苯酚、马钱子碱和对硝基苯酚以及三乙烯二胺和对硝基苯酚,进行了四圆X射线衍射结构分析,结果表明,包结化合物的堆砌结构特征随主体分子的体积大小而改变,从隧道型如(1)+(5)和(2)+(11)转变为夹层型如(3)+(11)。用Nd:YAG激光测试晶体的SHG效应,结果表明,大部分包结物晶体具有非线性光学性质。