高稳定性Ni/SBA-15催化剂的结构特征及其对二氧化碳重整甲烷反应的催化性能

 采用浸渍法制备了Ni含量为2.5%～20%的系列Ni/SBA-15催化剂,在常压连续流动固定床反应器上考察了催化剂对二氧化碳重整甲烷制合成气的催化性能,并用X射线衍射和N2吸附法研究了Ni/SBA-15催化剂的结构特征. 结果表明, Ni/SBA-15催化剂具有很高的CH4和CO2转化率, 12.5%Ni/SBA-15催化剂在800 ℃反应600 h后活性没有明显下降,但反应710 h后CH4的转化率下降了约50%, CO2的转化率下降了约25%. 其活性下降的主要原因是催化剂积炭. 在高温条件下反应时, SBA-15的介孔结构也没有遭到破坏,分子筛的孔壁能有效阻止活性组分Ni的团聚. SBA-15孔中组装一定量的Ni活性组分后,除了SBA-15的介孔外,还会形成另外一种较小的孔,但这不影响SBA-15的有序介孔结构,只是其孔径、孔容和BET比表面积降低.     

α-和γ-环糊精改性法制备的Ni/SBA-15催化剂的物化性质及其在甲烷二氧化碳重整中的催化性能

以多羟基有机物α-或γ-环糊精为分散促进剂制备了Ni/SBA-15催化剂,通过N2吸附-脱附、X射线衍射、透射电镜、程序升温还原和热重等手段对该催化剂的物理化学性质进行了表征,并将其应用于甲烷二氧化碳重整(CRM)制合成气反应。结果显示,与采用传统浸渍法制备的Ni/SBA-15催化剂相比,采用α-或γ-环糊精改性法制备的催化剂具有更小的NiO颗粒,并在CRM中显示出更高的催化活性及更强的抗积碳性能。机理研究表明,采用传统浸渍法制备Ni/SBA-15催化剂时,浸渍液中的Ni2+主要在浓度梯度的作用下逐渐进入到SBA-15孔道内部, Ni2+水合物容易团聚,分散程度较低;而采用α-或γ-环糊精改性方法制备催化剂时,在水溶液中Ni2+与环糊精形成包覆物,环糊精携带Ni2+进入SBA-15孔道内,并且环糊精的存在使得Ni2+之间相互隔离,以高度分散形态存在于SBA-15孔道表面,有利于后续热处理中NiO在载体上较好地分散。     

α-和γ-环糊精改性法制备的Ni/SBA-15催化剂的物化性质及其在甲烷二氧化碳重整中的催化性能（英文）

以多羟基有机物α-或γ-环糊精为分散促进剂制备了Ni/SBA-15催化剂,通过N2吸附-脱附、X射线衍射、透射电镜、程序升温还原和热重等手段对该催化剂的物理化学性质进行了表征,并将其应用于甲烷二氧化碳重整(CRM)制合成气反应.结果显示,与采用传统浸渍法制备的Ni/SBA-15催化剂相比,采用α-或γ-环糊精改性法制备的催化剂具有更小的Ni O颗粒,并在CRM中显示出更高的催化活性及更强的抗积碳性能.机理研究表明,采用传统浸渍法制备Ni/SBA-15催化剂时,浸渍液中的Ni2+主要在浓度梯度的作用下逐渐进入到SBA-15孔道内部,Ni2+水合物容易团聚,分散程度较低;而采用α-或γ-环糊精改性方法制备催化剂时,在水溶液中Ni2+与环糊精形成包覆物,环糊精携带Ni2+进入SBA-15孔道内,并且环糊精的存在使得Ni2+之间相互隔离,以高度分散形态存在于SBA-15孔道表面,有利于后续热处理中Ni O在载体上较好地分散.     

α-和γ-环糊精改性法制备的Ni/SBA-15催化剂的物化性质及其在甲烷二氧化碳重整中的催化性能

以多羟基有机物α-或γ-环糊精为分散促进剂制备了Ni/SBA-15催化剂，通过N2吸附-脱附、X射线衍射、透射电镜、程序升温还原和热重等手段对该催化剂的物理化学性质进行了表征，并将其应用于甲烷二氧化碳重整(CRM)制合成气反应。结果显示，与采用传统浸渍法制备的Ni/SBA-15催化剂相比，采用α-或γ-环糊精改性法制备的催化剂具有更小的NiO颗粒，并在CRM中显示出更高的催化活性及更强的抗积碳性能。机理研究表明，采用传统浸渍法制备Ni/SBA-15催化剂时，浸渍液中的Ni2+主要在浓度梯度的作用下逐渐进入到SBA-15孔道内部， Ni2+水合物容易团聚，分散程度较低；而采用α-或γ-环糊精改性方法制备催化剂时，在水溶液中Ni2+与环糊精形成包覆物，环糊精携带Ni2+进入SBA-15孔道内，并且环糊精的存在使得Ni2+之间相互隔离，以高度分散形态存在于SBA-15孔道表面，有利于后续热处理中NiO在载体上较好地分散。     

高氮含量MCM-41的制备及其对Knoevenagal缩合反应的催化性能

 采用二次合成法制备了含氮MCM-41分子筛,系统考察了氨气流速、氮化温度和氮化时间等因素对分子筛氮含量的影响,并通过X射线衍射、 N2吸附、透射电镜、 X射线光电子能谱和 29Si MAS NMR等方法探测了氮化后分子筛的物理化学特性. 结果表明,氨气流速和氮化温度是影响分子筛氮含量的主要因素. 氨气流速为400 ml/min时, 950 ℃下经12 h氮化后的MCM-41分子筛氮含量(质量分数)可达26.0%, 并较好地保持了原有分子筛的骨架结构. 由于氮化温度相对较低,对分子筛的结构破坏较小,而氮含量高、氮化后的MCM-41分子筛对Knoevenagal缩合反应具有很高的碱催化活性.     

介孔Ni-β-Mo2C/SBA-16催化剂在CH4/CO2重整制合成气反应中的催化性能

采用等体积浸渍将双金属活性组分负载到介孔分子筛SBA-16上,通过热分解制备了负载型催化剂Ni--Mo2C/SBA-16.N2吸附-脱附、X射线粉末衍射和透射电镜等结果表明,引入活性组分后,样品依然保持原有的有序介孔结构,活性组分高度分散于载体上,没有团聚.在CH4/CO2重整制合成气反应中,Ni--Mo2C/SBA-16催化剂具有较高的CH4和CO2转化率,以及CO和H2选择性,有明显的抗积炭作用.     

CeO_2/Ni/Mo/SBA-15甲烷二氧化碳重整催化剂的表征和催化性能(英文)

考察了CeO2修饰及未修饰的Ni/Mo/SBA-15催化剂在CH4-CO2重整上的催化性能并采用N2吸脱附、CO2程序升温脱附、H2程序升温还原、傅里叶红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,在常压,800oC条件下,经过100h在线评价后,Ni/Mo/SBA-15和CeO2/Ni/Mo/SBA-15催化剂仍具有高的反应活性和规整的六方介孔结构,其中CeO2修饰的CeO2/Ni/Mo/SBA-15催化剂表面没有积炭形成,表明CeO2的加入促进了Ni物种在SBA-15介孔分子筛表面的分散,从而阻止了Ce/Ni/Mo/SBA-15催化剂上Ni的烧结和积炭.     

表面含磷酸的介孔分子筛P-SBA-15的合成及其性能评价

采用后合成法，将磷酸固载在纯硅介孔分子筛SBA-15表面上。利用X射线衍射（XRD）、红外光谱（IR）、氮气吸附 脱咐法（BET）分析方法表征催化剂的物理性能。结果表明，催化剂P-SBA-15在高温焙烧后保持了稳定的介孔分子筛SBA-15结构，该催化剂的比表面积和孔径分别为605.45m2/g和5.576nm（磷硅摩尔比5%）。选用十一碳烯酸与异丙醇的酯化反应对催化剂P-SBA-15的催化反应性能进行评价，同时与其他几种微孔沸石分子筛催化剂催化性能相比表明，磷酸改性的介孔分子筛P SBA 15是合成十一烯酸异丙酯较为理想的固体酸催化剂，考察了催化剂的稳定性。     

Mo助剂含量对Mo-Ni2P/SBA-15/堇青石整体式催化剂加氢脱硫性能的影响

 采用共浸渍法制备了 P/Ni 摩尔比为 2 的 Ni2P/SBA-15, 再通过二次浸渍引入助剂 Mo 制得 Mo-Ni2P/SBA-15, 将它调制成活性胶后均匀涂敷于预处理后的载体表面, 干燥焙烧后在氢气流中采用程序升温还原法, 制备了一系列 Mo-Ni2P/SBA-15/堇青石整体式催化剂. 采用 X 射线衍射、N2 吸附-脱附和 X 射线光电子能谱对催化剂结构进行了表征, 以二苯并噻吩为模型含硫化合物, 考察了催化剂的加氢脱硫性能. 结果表明, Mo 的加入增大了催化剂的比表面积, 在催化剂表面形成了 MoNiP2, 且 Ni2P 为主要活性物相. Mo 在催化剂表面主要以 Mo6+和 Moδ+形式存在; 当 w(Mo) = 4.2% 时, n(Mo)/n(Ni+Mo) = 0.18 的整体式催化剂上二苯并噻吩的转化率最高, 且在较低反应温度时以直接脱硫机理为主, 而较高反应温度时以加氢脱硫机理为主.     

Cu-Co/SBA-15催化剂的结构特征及其催化甲苯燃烧性能

 以介孔 SBA-15 分子筛为载体, 用等体积共浸渍法制备了不同 Cu/Co 比和不同 Cu-Co 含量的 Cu-Co/SBA-15 催化剂, 采用 N2 吸附-脱附、高分辨透射电镜、X 射线衍射、X 射线光电子能谱和程序升温还原等手段对催化剂进行了表征, 并在微型固定床反应器上评价了催化剂催化甲苯燃烧性能. 结果表明, 所有催化剂仍具有 SBA-15 分子筛的介孔结构, Cu 含量较低时催化剂中存在 Cu-Co-O 固溶体, Cu 含量较高时会形成 CuO. 催化剂表面的 Co 对甲苯催化燃烧有重要的作用, 催化剂中的 Cu 可以降低 Co 的还原温度, 从而有利于催化剂活性的提高. 40%(Cu0.25Co0.75)/SBA-15 催化剂具有最高的活性, 在 285 oC 时可完全催化燃烧消除甲苯.     

Carbon dioxide reforming of methane over Ni/Mo/SBA-15-La2O3 catalyst: Its characterization and catalytic performance

The Ni/Mo/SBA-15 catalyst was modified by La2O3 in order to improve its thermal stability and carbon deposition resistance during the CO2 reforming of methane to syngas. The catalytic performance, thermal stability, structure, dispersion of nickel and carbon deposition of the modified and unmodified catalysts were comparatively investigated by many characterization techniques such as N2 adsorption, H2-TPR, CO2-TPD, XRD, FT-IR and SEM. It was found that the major role of La2O3 additive was to improve the pore structure and inhibit carbon deposition on the catalyst surface. The La2O3 modified Ni/Mo/SBA-15 catalyst possessed a mesoporous structure and high surface area. The high surface area of the La2O3 modified catalysts resulted in strong interaction between Ni and Mo-La, which improved the dispersion of Ni, and retarded the sintering of Ni during the CO2 reforming process. The reaction evaluation results also showed that the La2O3 modified Ni/Mo/SBA-15 catalysts exhibited high stability.     

Catalytic performances of Ni/mesoporous SiO_2 catalysts for dry reforming of methane to hydrogen

Several mesoporous silicas with different morphologies were controllably prepared by sol-gel method with adjustable ratio of dual template,and they were further impregnated with aqueous solution of nickel nitrate,followed by calcination in air.The synthesized silica supports and supported nickel samples were characterized using N_2-adsorption/desorption,X-ray diffraction(XRD),H_2 temperature-programmed reduction(H_2-TPR),Scanning electron microscope(SEM),Transmission electron microscope(TEM) and thermo-gravimetric analysis(TGA-DTG) techniques.The Ni nanoparticles supported on shell-like silica are highly dispersed and yielded much narrower nickel particle-size than those on other mesoporous silica.The methane reforming with dioxide carbon reaction results showed that Ni nanoparticles supported on shell-like silica carrier exhibited the better catalytic performance and catalytic stability than those of nickel catalyst supported on other silica carrier.The thermo-gravimetric analysis on used nickel catalysts uncovered that catalyst deactivation depends on the type and nature of the coke deposited.The heterogeneous nature of the deposited coke was observed on nickel nanoparticles supported on spherical and peanut-like silica.Much narrower and lower TGA derivative peak was founded on Ni catalyst supported on the shell-like silica.     

Ultra-stable Ni catalysts for methane reforming by carbon dioxide

Methane reforming by carbon dioxide has been studied over ultra-stable Ni catalysts. The catalyst was characterized by XRD, IR and TEM and temperature programmed hydrogenation. The nickel–magnesia solid solution catalyst containing low nickel has shown excellent stability (>3000 h) and no carbon deposition in the methane reforming by carbon dioxide. It was also found that the small nickel metal particle interaction with support surface is effective for the inhibition of carbon formation.     

Comparison of two preparation methods of supported Li?Ni catalyst on alumina for selective oxidation of methane

Lithium-added nickel catalysts on alumina were prepared for CO₂ reforming of methane by two methods, precipitation and impregnation. Performances of the catalysts were investigated by TG, CO-adsorption and SEM analysis. The catalyst with ratio of Li/Ni=1.0 prepared by precipitation method has high nickel dispersion, catalytic activity and stability for CO₂ reforming of methane.     

Nickel catalysts supported on MgO with different specific surface area for carbon dioxide reforming of methane

In this paper, three kinds of MgO with different specific surface area were prepared, and their effects on the catalytic performance of nickel catalysts for the carbon dioxide reforming of methane were investigated. The results showed that MgO support with the higher specific surface area led to the higher dispersion of the active metal, which resulted in the higher initial activity. On the other hand, the specific surface area of MgO materials might not be the dominant factor for the basicity of support to chemisorb and activate CO₂, which was another important factor for the performance of catalysts. Herein, Ni/MgO(CA) catalyst with proper specific surface area and strong ability to activate CO₂ exhibited stable catalytic property and the carbon species deposited on the Ni/MgO(CA) catalyst after 10 h of reaction at 650 °C were mainly activated carbon species.     

Rh doping effect on coking resistance of Ni/SBA-15 catalysts in dry reforming of methane

A series of SBA-15 supported bimetallic Rh–Ni catalysts with different weight ratio of Rh/Ni in the range of 0–0.04 were prepared for carbon dioxide reforming of methane. The doping effect of Rh on catalytic activity as well as carbon accumulation and removal over the catalysts was studied. The characterization results indicated that the addition of a small amount of Rh promoted the reducibility of Ni particles and decreased the Ni particle size. During the dry reforming reaction, the carbon deposition was originated from CH4 decomposition and CO disproportionation. The Rh–Ni catalyst with small metallic particle size inhibited the carbon formation and exhibited high efficiency in the removal of coke. In comparison with bare Ni-based catalyst, the Rh–Ni bimetallic catalysts showed high activity and stability in the dry reforming of methane.     

MCM-41 Supported Nickel Catalysts for Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane

There has been an increasing interest in the conversion of methane and carbon dioxide into synthesis gas^[1]. High performance Ni-based catalysts have attracted much attention^[2-4]. In this study, MCM-41 supported nickel were used as catalysts for carbon dioxide reforming of methane. It is found that the obtained catalyst exhibited high activity for getting syngas with its ratio of unity.In contrast to the performance of other nickel-based catalysts; Ni/MCM-41 has higher conversion and yield at lower temperature. The effects of nickel loading, particle size, GHSV, and calcination temperature on catalytic activities were also investigated.     

Effect of Ni Loading and CexZr1-xO2 Promoter on Ni-Based SBA-15 Catalysts for Steam Reforming of Methane

A series of Ni/SBA-15 catalysts with Ni contents ranging from 5wt% to 20wt% as well as 10wt%Ni/10wt?xZn-xO2/SBA-15 (z=0, 0.5, 1) were prepared. The structures of the catalysts were characterized using XRD, TPR, TEM and BET techniques. The catalytic activities of the catalysts for steam reforming of methane were evaluated in a continuous flow microreactor. The results indicated that both the Ni/SBA-15 and the Ni/CexZr1-xO2/SBA-15 catalysts had good catalytic activities at atmospheric pressure. The 10wt%Ni/SBA-15 catalyst exhibited excellent stability at 800癈 for time on stream of 740 h. After the reaction, carbon deposits were not formed on the surface of the catalyst. There existed a regular hexagonal mesoporous structure in the Ni/SBA-15 and the Ni/CexZr1-xO2/SBA-15 catalysts. The nickel species and the CexZr1-xO2 component were all confined in the SBA-15 mesopores. The CexZr1-xO2 could promote dispersion of the nickel species in the Ni/CexZr1-xO2/SBA-15 catalysts.     

助剂对NiMgAl催化剂的结构和甲烷二氧化碳重整反应性能的影响(英文)

向担载镍基催化剂NiMgAl中添加助剂(Co,Ir或Pt)制备了三种助剂促进型催化剂,通过氢气程序升温还原(H2-TPR),CO2/CH4程序升温表面反应(CO2/CH4-TPSR)和CO2程序升温脱附(CO2-TPD)等方法对催化剂进行表征.助剂对催化剂性能的影响通过甲烷干重整实验进行评价.添加少量的Pt或Ir助剂可以降低Ni活性组分的还原温度和提高反应性能.添加助剂的样品与原始NiMgAl催化剂相比能够降低反应的活化能,添加Co或Ir助剂的催化剂与NiMgAl催化剂相比活化能有了明显的降低.NiMgAl催化剂的活化能为51.8 kJ·mol-1,添加Pt助剂的NiPtMgAl催化剂活化能降至26.4 kJ·mol-1.NiMgAl催化剂中添加Pt助剂制备的催化剂具有较好的催化活性和较低的活化能.CH4-TPSR和CO2-TPSR结果表明添加Pt助剂可以在更低的温度下(与NiMgAl催化剂相比)提高CH4的活化能力,并在催化剂表面形成更多的碳物种.CO2-TPD结果显示,添加助剂的催化剂与NiMgAl样品相比在反应温度区间内增加了CO2的吸附/脱附量.