多项式混沌法求解随机Burgers方程

多项式混沌方法是研究不确定性CFD分析的方法之一。本文介绍了嵌入式多项式混沌方法的数学方法,并以一维Burgers方程为例,介绍了多项式混沌与非线性方程的耦合过程。并采用有限差分法求解一维随机Burgers方程,研究由于黏性系数的不确定性引起的方程解的变化。通过与解析解和采用蒙特卡洛法的模拟结果的对比,对模拟结果进行了验证与确认。研究结果表明多项式混沌方法可以有效地模拟不确定性在流场中的传播,并有很高的速度和精度。     

基于稀疏网格法的随机方腔流数值模拟研究

流动问题中存在大量随机因素,其影响会在流场内传播。多项式混沌方法是研究不确定性传播的高效方法之一。然而,随着不确定性变量的增多,全正交的多项式混沌方法计算量也会迅速增加。稀疏网格方法与多项式混沌方法的结合,成为主要研究发展方向。本文给出了稀疏网格生成方法,并用Gauss-Hermite积分规则构造多项式混沌。基于OpenFOAM求解器进行二次开发,模拟了不同数量的不确定性量对随机方腔流动的影响,验证稀疏网格方法的精度及效率,并与全正交多项式混沌方法和蒙特卡洛计算结果进行了对比。结果表明,高维情况下稀疏网格法的效率和精度较全正交多项式混沌方法有所提高,为研究不确定性CFD方法提供新思路。     

叶顶间隙尺度的不确定性对压气机性能影响的CFD模拟

本文研究了转子叶顶间隙尺度的不确定性对某轴流压气机的气动性能的影响。采用非嵌入式概率配置点法模拟间隙尺度不确定性在流场中的传播。先以二维随机方腔流动为模型,通过与蒙特卡洛模拟进行对比对非嵌入式概率配置点法进行验证。验证后采用该不确定性方法模拟了当叶顶间隙大小服从Beta分布时气动性能及流场参数的变化。     

激光混沌并联同步及其在全光逻辑门中的应用研究

提出多量子阱激光器混沌“主-从-响应”式结构同步系统,研究其并联同步在光学逻辑门中的应用. 利用一个注入多量子阱激光器混沌系统注入驱动实现了两个响应多量子阱激光系统的混沌并联同步,同时还获得了“主-从”式结构的混沌同步. 基于响应子系统的混沌并联同步思想,提出了全光逻辑门的基本理论模型并定义了计算原则与方法. 利用光的外部调制方法对两个驱动光进行调制与控制,让两个响应子系统实现同步与非同步,使系统获得了并具有全光逻辑门函数功能与特点,并成功地进行了数字逻辑计算. 具体提出了全光XNOR、NOR、NOT等逻辑门及逻辑计算方法,数值模拟结果证明了系统方案的可行性. 关键词： 混沌 同步 逻辑门 多量子激光器     

基于多项式混沌方法的场线耦合响应不确定度量化

在传输线场线耦合的计算中,由于辐射场可能从不同方向入射,入射方位角和入射仰角会在一定范围内变化,可以将其看作不确定变量,因此传输线的响应也呈现出不确定性。针对输入参数服从非典型分布的情况,应用多项式混沌方法对传输线场线耦合频域响应进行不确定度量化。结合入射方位角和仰角的物理意义,给出其服从的分布类型并构建相应的正交多项式基底,并对该模型的传输线方程进行多项式混沌展开。最后结合含两个不确定参数的传输线场线耦合算例,给出远端电流响应的统计信息,对比蒙特卡罗方法,验证了该方法的正确性和高效性。     

用驱动参量法实现混沌系统的同步

提出了通过外部混沌信号驱动两个混沌系统的某个参量并导致其同步的方法,以logistic映象和Lorenz系统这两个典型混沌系统为例,数值地研究了这种混沌同步方法.模拟结果表明,当被驱动参量的变化范围足够大时,两个或多个混沌系统在新的动力学的基础上达到完全同步.特别强调指出的是,观察到了两个Lorenz系统依赖于初始条件的不同的同步态 关键词： 混沌 同步 驱动参量法 反向同步     

表面粗糙度对翼型气动特性影响的数值模拟

本文采用CFD数值模拟方法结合概率配点法研究了当翼型表面粗糙度存在不确定性变化时,NREL_S825风力机翼型的气动特性与绕流场参数分布。获得了两种特征攻角下翼型气动特性的变化,以及不确定性在绕流场中的传播。研究结果表明,升力系数对粗糙度的不确定性较为敏感。粗糙度不确定性对翼型绕流场的影响主要出现在翼型前缘、尾缘和分离区等速度梯度较大区域,并且吸力面压力系数分布对粗糙度的敏感性明显高于压力面。     

微管道气体流动的蒙特卡洛直接模拟

采用蒙特卡洛直接模拟(DSMC)方法,数值模拟了微管道中压力驱动的气体流动,结果表明固壁边界存在速度滑移,稀薄气体效应明显;整个流场温度变化很小,流动马赫数很小,密度、压力流向变化非常大而横向几乎不变;可压缩性导致压力随流向的非线性分布,但这种效应随Knudsen数增大而减弱.     

利用参量驱动法实现Bragg声光双稳系统的混沌同步

对混沌同步方法进行了研究,利用参量驱动法实现了两个混沌系统的同步.以Bragg声光双稳系统为例进行仿真模拟,验证了这种方法的有效性.仿真模拟结果表明：当外加驱动信号作用于两系统的某个被驱动参量,两个初始条件不同的Bragg声光双稳系统误差变量很快平稳地趋于零,说明该同步方法是快速有效的.     

L型混沌流道流动与传热特性的数值分析

采用周期性模型对L型混沌流道内流体流动与传热性能进行数值模拟,并与普通平直流道相对比,分析得到了两种流道内流体流场与温度场分布的细观信息,同时还讨论了不同Re数对混沌流道内流体传热与流动的影响。设计制作了测试流体流动性能的冷模试验装置,采用激光多普勒测速仪对L型混沌流道中流道内特殊点的速度进行测量,并将试验测量结果与数值模拟计算结果进行对比。结果标明:试验测量结果与数值模拟计算结果总体变化趋势基本一致,主流方向上速度相对误差最大为13.8%,在工程允许的误差范围之内,由此验证了数值模拟计算的可靠性。     

Numerical simulation of transit-time ultrasonic flowmeters: uncertainties due to flow profile and fluid turbulence

Flowmeter measurement using the ultrasonic transit-time method is based on the apparent difference of the sound velocity in the flow direction and in the opposite direction. This method gives a flow velocity averaged along a particular acoustical path. To convert this path velocity to a velocity averaged over the entire cross-section of the flowing medium, the knowledge of the flow velocity profile is essential. However, the acoustical paths joining the two transducers are supposed to be straight and fluid turbulence phenomena are neglected. In this paper, we describe a numerical procedure to estimate the uncertainties due to these approximations in the case of fully developed turbulence. The ultrasonic propagation is modelled in 2-D moving inhomogeneous media via a ray tracing algorithm. Influence of mean profiles of temperature and velocity is studied on simple examples. Fluid temperature fluctuations and fluid velocity turbulence are considered in the stochastic framework to obtain average uncertainties on the measurements of the liquid flow rate.     

Verified predictions of shape sensitivities in wall-bounded turbulent flows by an adaptive finite-element method

A Continuous Sensitivity Equation (CSE) method is presented for shape parameters in turbulent wall-bounded flows modeled with the standard k–? turbulence model with wall functions. Differentiation of boundary conditions and their complex dependencies on shape parameters, including the two-velocity scale wall functions, is presented in details along with the appropriate methodology required for the CSE method. To ensure accuracy, grid convergence and to reduce computational time, an adaptive finite-element method driven by asymptotically exact error estimations is used. The adaptive process is controlled by error estimates on both flow and sensitivity solutions. Firstly, the proposed approach is applied on a problem with a closed-form solution, derived using the Method of the Manufactured Solution to perform Code Verification. Results from adaptive grid refinement studies show Verification of flow and sensitivity solvers, error estimators and the adaptive strategy. Secondly, we consider turbulent flows around a square cross-section cylinder in proximity of a solid wall. We examine the quality of the numerical solutions by performing Solution Verification and Validation. Then, Sensitivity Analysis of these turbulent flows is performed to investigate the ability of the method to deal with non-trivial geometrical changes. Sensitivity information is used to estimate uncertainties in the flow solution caused by uncertainties in the shape parameter and to perform fast evaluation of flows on nearby configurations.     

激光量热计不确定度分析

 基于激光量热平台,对ISO 11551涉及的3种弱吸收数据处理方法——指数法、脉冲法和梯度法进行了不确定度分析。从回归分析的角度对拟合参数γ和A等进行了不确定度评估,采用Matlab软件进行不确定度的计算。采用B类评定法对质量、功率等测量参数进行不确定度评估。随机选取样本进行多次测量,验证了本文不确定度评估的有效性。分析和实验表明,拟合偏差是弱吸收测量不确定度的主要来源。指数法的相对不确定度约为0.0129,脉冲法的相对不确定度约为0.0029,是最优的数据处理方法,梯度法采用的样本点过于单一,相对不确定度约为0.0961。提高量热计精度的可行途径是改进数据处理方法和提高激光功率测量精度。     

Varying the chiral magnetic effect relative to flow in a single nucleus-nucleus collision

We propose a novel method to search for the chiral magnetic effect(cme) in heavy ion collisions.We argue that the relative strength of the magnetic field(mainly from spectator protons and responsible for the cme)with respect to the reaction plane and the participant plane is opposite to that of the elliptic flow background arising from the fluctuating participant geometry.This opposite behavior in a single collision system,hence with small systematic uncertainties,can be exploited to extract the possible cme signal from the flow background.The method is applied to existing data from rhic,and the outcome discussed.     

抗辐射能力量化设计方法

抗辐射能力表现为系统技术性能对辐射损伤的敏感程度。抗辐射能力是设计、生产出来的。抗辐射量化设计能力是抗辐射加固技术发展水平的重要标志。根据QMU（性能阈值、裕量和不确定度）的思想,提出量化抗辐射设计,第一要优化系统总体设计,为辐射损伤敏感的技术性能合理地分配裕量;第二要量化系统工作的辐射环境及其不确定度,量化在实际工作的辐射环境中,辐射损伤引起的系统及其器件和结构的技术性能变化和不确定度,综合优化抗辐射措施,确保技术性能变化及其不确定度被有效控制在分配的裕量范围内,最后量化加固设计效果,预测系统抗辐射能力。     

抗辐射能力量化设计方法

抗辐射能力表现为系统技术性能对辐射损伤的敏感程度。抗辐射能力是设计、生产出来的。抗辐射量化设计能力是抗辐射加固技术发展水平的重要标志。根据QMU(性能阈值、裕量和不确定度)的思想,提出量化抗辐射设计,第一要优化系统总体设计,为辐射损伤敏感的技术性能合理地分配裕量;第二要量化系统工作的辐射环境及其不确定度,量化在实际工作的辐射环境中,辐射损伤引起的系统及其器件和结构的技术性能变化和不确定度,综合优化抗辐射措施,确保技术性能变化及其不确定度被有效控制在分配的裕量范围内,最后量化加固设计效果,预测系统抗辐射能力。     

交叉分段差分进化支持向量回归的气体超声 流量计测量方法

为了进一步提高全量程气体超声流量计的测量精度,基于多通道声波到时和实时温度,提出了一种交叉分段差分进化(Differential Evolution)支持向量回归(Support Vector Regression)DE-SVR模型。考虑到气体在不同流量条件下的流体状态不同,提出了交叉分段处理的方法,采用DE算法优化选取SVR参数。实验结果表明,对于16~1600m3/h全量程,交叉分段DE-SVR和传统积分方法计算气体流量的平均相对误差分别为0.00447和0.02781,前者较后者降低了83.93%;对于16~160m3/h小流量,交叉分段DE-SVR和无分段DE-SVR算法计算结果平均相对误差分别为0.00436和0.03214,前者较后者降低了86.43%。该方法有效避免了声道长度、探头角度以及管道直径等参数不确定性对流量计算的影响,为全量程气体流量的高精度测量提供了保障。     

Neutron-proton differential flow as a probe of isospin-dependence of the nuclear equation of state

The neutron-proton differential flow is shown to be a very useful probe of the isospin-dependence of the nuclear equation of state (EOS). This novel approach utilizes constructively both the isospin fractionation and the nuclear collective flow as well as their sensitivities to the isospin-dependence of the nuclear EOS. It also avoids effectively uncertainties associated with other dynamical ingredients of heavy-ion reactions at intermediate energies.     

确定度评定在化妆品中砷含量ICP-AES测定中的应用

通过对电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)测定化妆品中As含量的不确定度的评定实践,建立了该分析过程的相应数学模型,对数学模型中各个参数进行不确定度来源分析,分别对A类不确定度(由测量的结果统计分布计算的不确定度)或B类不确定度(基于经验或其他信息的概率分布估计的不确定度)进行评定。按照国际通用方法对各不确定度分量合成和扩展,得到ICP-AES法测定化妆品中As含量的不确定度评定。研究结果表明：标准溶液的配制、标准曲线拟合线性方程及样品溶液的定容是不确定度的主要来源,该不确定度评定所用方法同样适用于以线性回归标准曲线法获得测定结果不确定度的评估。     

The impact of reduced chemistry on auto-ignition of H2 in turbulent flows

The auto-ignition behaviour of hydrogen in a turbulent flow field has been studied through a combination of detailed and systematically reduced chemistry with a transported PDF approach closed at the joint-scalar level. Radiation is accounted for through the RADCAL method and the inclusion of enthalpy into the joint-scalar PDF. Molecular mixing is closed using the modified Curl's model with the mixing frequency accounted for via two algebraic closures. The main aim of the work is to compare the impact of alternative chemical mechanisms on auto-ignition and to explore the accuracy that can be expected when reactive scalars are sequentially removed through the application of quasi-steady-state approximations (QSSAs). Two different detailed mechanisms were tested to establish the effects of intrinsic uncertainties in the detailed chemistry and to provide reference points to past work. The mechanisms feature nine solved species and 19 or 20 reversible chemical reactions. The chemical mechanisms were subsequently systematically reduced to five, four and three independent scalars through the successive introduction of QSSAs for H₂O₂, HO₂ and O. Resulting inaccuracies were quantified following each simplification step with reference to experimental data obtained in shock tubes and under turbulent flow conditions in the Cabra burner configuration. A sensitivity analysis was also performed to identify the relative impact of uncertainties in key reactions as compared to systematic simplification process. It was found that alternative recommended rates for the O + H₂ = OH + H reaction have an impact on the point of flame stabilization that is similar to that observed as a consequence of the simplification process. The work also shows that realistic results can be obtained with simplified chemistry. However, it is also concluded that the temporal evolution of the radical pool and the point of stabilization is affected by the introduction of a QSSA for the O radical. Furthermore, it is shown by comparisons with time resolved OH radical data obtained in shock tubes that the progressive elimination of species via QSSA leads to a shortening of ignition delay times and that the same effects are present, but less severe, in turbulent flow fields.