On the Robin Boundary Condition for Laplace's Equation in Lipschitz Domains

Abstract

Let Ω be a bounded Lipschitz domain in ? ⁿ , n ≥ 3 with connected boundary. We study the Robin boundary condition ?u/?N + bu = f ∈ L ^p (?Ω) on ?Ω for Laplace's equation Δu = 0 in Ω, where b is a non-negative function on ?Ω. For 1 < p < 2 + ?, under suitable compatibility conditions on b, we obtain existence and uniqueness results with non-tangential maximal function estimate ‖(?u)*‖ _p  ≤ C‖f‖ _p , as well as a pointwise estimate for the associated Robin function. Moreover, the solution u is represented by a single layer potential.     

An artificial boundary condition for an advection–diffusion equation

Consider the advection–diffusion equation: u₁ + au_x1 ? vδu = 0 in ?ⁿ × ?⁺ with initial data u⁰; the Support of u⁰ is contained in ?(x₁ < 0) and a: ?ⁿ → ? is positive. In order to approximate the full space solution by the solution of a problem in ? × ?⁺, we propose the artificial boundary condition: u₁ + au_x1 = 0 on ∑. We study this by means of a transmission problem: the error is an O(v²) for small values of the viscosity v.     

The effect of a surface energy term on the distribution of phases in an elastic medium with a two‐well elastic potential

We consider the problem of minimizing among functions u:?^d?Ω→?^d, u_∣?Ω=0, and measurable subsets E of Ω. Here f_h⁺, f^? denote quadratic potentials defined on Ω¯×{symmetric d×d matrices}, h is the minimum energy of f_h⁺ and ε(u) is the symmetric gradient of the displacement field u. An equilibrium state û, Ê of J(u,E) is called one‐phase if E=?? or E=Ω, two‐phase otherwise. For two‐phase states, σ∣?E∩Ω∣ measures the effect of the separating surface, and we investigate the way in which the distribution of phases is affected by the choice of the parameters h??, σ>0. Additional results concern the smoothness of two‐phase equilibrium states and the behaviour of inf J(u,E) in the limit σ↓0. Moreover, we discuss the case of additional volume force potentials, and extend the previous results to non‐zero boundary values. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Critical exponent for a quasilinear parabolic equation with inhomogeneous density in a cone

In this paper, we study the initial-boundary value problem of porous medium equation ρ(x)u _t  = Δu ^m  + V(x)h(t)u ^p in a cone D = (0, ∞) × Ω, where \({V(x)\,{\sim}\, |x|^\sigma, h(t)\,{\sim}\, t^s}\). Let ω ₁ denote the smallest Dirichlet eigenvalue for the Laplace-Beltrami operator on Ω and let l denote the positive root of l ² + (n ? 2)l = ω ₁. We prove that if \({m < p \leq 1+(m-1)(1+s)+\frac{2(s+1)+\sigma}{n+l}}\), then the problem has no global nonnegative solutions for any nonnegative u ₀ unless u ₀ = 0; if \({p >1 +(m-1)(1+s)+\frac{2(s+1)+\sigma}{n+l}}\), then the problem has global solutions for some u ₀ ≥ 0.     

Solutions of the Cheeger problem via torsion functions

The Cheeger problem for a bounded domain Ω⊂RN, N>1 consists in minimizing the quotients |∂E|/|E| among all smooth subdomains E⊂Ω and the Cheeger constant h(Ω) is the minimum of these quotients. Let be the p-torsion function, that is, the solution of torsional creep problem −Δp?p=1 in Ω, ?p=0 on ∂Ω, where Δpu:=div(|∇u|^p−2∇u) is the p-Laplacian operator, p>1. The paper emphasizes the connection between these problems. We prove that . Moreover, we deduce the relation limp→¹⁺‖?p_‖L¹(Ω)?CNlimp→¹⁺‖?p_‖L^∞(Ω) where CN is a constant depending only of N and h(Ω), explicitely given in the paper. An eigenfunction u∈BV(Ω)∩L^∞(Ω) of the Dirichlet 1-Laplacian is obtained as the strong L¹ limit, as p→¹⁺, of a subsequence of the family {?p/‖?p_‖L¹(Ω)}_p>1. Almost all t-level sets Et of u are Cheeger sets and our estimates of u on the Cheeger set |E₀| yield |B₁|hN(B₁)?|E₀|hN(Ω), where B₁ is the unit ball in RN. For Ω convex we obtain u=|E₀|⁻¹χE₀.     

Polar factorization and monotone rearrangement of vector-valued functions

Given a probability space (X, μ) and a bounded domain Ω in ?^d equipped with the Lebesgue measure |·| (normalized so that |Ω| = 1), it is shown (under additional technical assumptions on X and Ω) that for every vector-valued function u ∈ L^p (X, μ; ?^d) there is a unique “polar factorization” u = ?Ψs, where Ψ is a convex function defined on Ω and s is a measure-preserving mapping from (X, μ) into (Ω, |·|), provided that u is nondegenerate, in the sense that μ(u^?1(E)) = 0 for each Lebesgue negligible subset E of ?^d. Through this result, the concepts of polar factorization of real matrices, Helmholtz decomposition of vector fields, and nondecreasing rearrangements of real-valued functions are unified. The Monge-Ampère equation is involved in the polar factorization and the proof relies on the study of an appropriate “Monge-Kantorovich” problem.     

Boundedness in a four‐dimensional attraction‐repulsion chemotaxis system with logistic source

In this paper, we study the attraction‐repulsion chemotaxis system with logistic source: u_t = Δu−χ∇·(u∇v)+ξ∇·(u∇w)+f(u), 0 = Δv−βv+αu, 0 = Δw−δw+γu, subject to homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions in a bounded and smooth domain , where χ,α,ξ,γ,β, and δ are positive constants, and is a smooth function satisfying f(s) ≤ a−bs^3/2 for all s ≥ 0 with a ≥ 0 and b > 0. It is proved that when the repulsion cancels the attraction (ie, ξγ=χα), for any nonnegative initial data , the solution is globally bounded. This result corresponds to the one in the classical 2‐dimensional Keller‐Segel model with logistic source bearing quadric growth restrictions.     

Interior numerical approximation of boundary value problems with a distributional data

We study the approximation properties of a harmonic function u ∈ H^1?k(Ω), k > 0, on a relatively compact subset A of Ω, using the generalized finite element method (GFEM). If Ω = ??, for a smooth, bounded domain ??, we obtain that the GFEM‐approximation u_S ∈ S of u satisfies ‖u ? u_S‖ ≤ Ch^γ‖u‖, where h is the typical size of the “elements” defining the GFEM‐space S and γ ≥ 0 is such that the local approximation spaces contain all polynomials of degree k + γ. The main technical ingredient is an extension of the classical super‐approximation results of Nitsche and Schatz (Applicable Analysis 2 (1972), 161–168; Math Comput 28 (1974), 937–958). In addition to the usual “energy” Sobolev spaces H¹(??), we need also the duals of the Sobolev spaces H^m(??), m ∈ ?₊. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2006     

Local Accuracy for Radial Basis Function Interpolation on Finite Uniform Grids

We consider interpolation on a finite uniform grid by means of one of the radial basis functions (RBF) φ(r)=r^γ for γ>0, γ2 or φ(r)=r^γ ln r for γ2 ₊. For each positive integer N, let h=N⁻¹ and let {x_i: i =1, 2, …, (N+1)^d} be the set of vertices of the uniform grid of mesh-size h on the unit d-dimensional cube [0, 1]^d. Given f: [0, 1]^d→ , let s_h be its unique RBF interpolant at the grid vertices: s_h(x_i)=f(x_i), i=1, 2, …, (N+1)^d. For h→0, we show that the uniform norm of the error f−s_h on a compact subset K of the interior of [0, 1]^d enjoys the same rate of convergence to zero as the error of RBF interpolation on the infinite uniform grid h ^d, provided that f is a data function whose partial derivatives in the interior of [0, 1]^d up to a certain order can be extended to Lipschitz functions on [0, 1]^d.     

Convexity and all‐time C∞‐regularity of the interface in flame propagation

We consider the following one‐phase free boundary problem: Find (u, Ω) such that Ω = {u > 0} and with Q_T = ?ⁿ × (0, T). Under the condition that Ω_o is convex and log u_o is concave, we show that the convexity of Ω(t) and the concavity of log u(·, t) are preserved under the flow for 0 ≤ t ≤ T as long as ?Ω(t) and u on Ω(t) are smooth. As a consequence, we show the existence of a smooth‐up‐to‐the‐interface solution, on 0 < t < T_c, with T_c denoting the extinction time of Ω(t). We also provide a new proof of a short‐time existence with C^2,α initial data on the general domain. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

The Semigroup of Ultrafilters Near 0

+ of ultrafiliters on (0,1) that converge to 0 is a semigroup under the restriction of the usual operation + on BetaR _d, the Stone-Cech compactification of the discrete semigroup (R _d,+). It is also a subsemigroup of Beta((0,1) _d,·). The interaction of these operations has recently yielded some strong results in Ramsey Theory. Since (0 ⁺,·) is an ideal of Beta((0,1) _d,·), much is known about the structure of (0 ⁺,·). On the other hand, (0 ⁺,+) is far from being an ideal of ( BetaR _d,+) so little about its algebraic structure follows from known results. We characterize here the smallest ideal of (0 ⁺,+), its closure, and those sets "central" in (0 ⁺,+), that is, those sets which are members of minimal idempotents in (0 ⁺, +). We derive new combinatorial applications of those sets that are central in (0 ⁺,+).     

Generic initial ideals and graded Artinian-level algebras not having the Weak-Lefschetz Property

We find a sufficient condition that is not level based on a reduction number. In particular, we prove that a graded Artinian algebra of codimension 3 with Hilbert function cannot be level if h_d≤2d+3, and that there exists a level O-sequence of codimension 3 of type for h_d≥2d+k for k≥4. Furthermore, we show that is not level if , and also prove that any codimension 3 Artinian graded algebra A=R/I cannot be level if . In this case, the Hilbert function of A does not have to satisfy the condition h_d−1>h_d=h_d+1.Moreover, we show that every codimension n graded Artinian level algebra having the Weak-Lefschetz Property has a strictly unimodal Hilbert function having a growth condition on (h_d−1−h_d)≤(n−1)(h_d−h_d+1) for every d>θ where

h₀<h₁<<h_α==h_θ>>h_s−1>h_s.