The New Multipartite Squeezing Operator and Some of its Properties

In this paper, we introduce a pair of mutually conjugate multipartite entangled state representations for defining the squeezing operator of entangled multipartite S_n(λ) which involves an n-mode bosonic operator realization of the SU(1,1) Lie algebra. This operator squeezes the multipartite entangled state in a natural way. We discuss the transform properties of a_j and \(a_{j}^{\dagger }\) under the operation of S_n(λ) and derive the interaction Hamiltonian which can generate such an evolution. In addition, the corresponding multipartite squeezed vacuum state |λ〉 is obtained. Based on this, the variances of the n-mode quadratures in |λ〉 are evaluated and the violation of the Bell inequality for |λ〉 is examined by using the formalism of Wigner representation.     

A Fluorescence Emission, FT-IR and UV-VIS Absorption Study of the Some Uranium (VI) Schiff Bases Complexes

The capacity of metallic ions to form complexes depends on the electric charge and its mass and on the ligands nature. In this study we followed the coordination capacity of the uranyl ion (UO2(2+)) with a series of Schiff bases. The Schiff bases have been obtained through the condensation of some salicylic aldehyde derivates with a series of diamines. As a result of the reaction between these substances and the uranyl ions the mono-, bi-, or poly-nuclear complexes, depend on the nature of the ligands. The forming of the complexes is highlighted through ultraviolet-visible, Fourier transform infrared (IR), and fluorescence spectroscopy. In the IR studies the forming of the complexes is highlighted by the apparition of a new band at approximately 920 cm(-1,) characteristic to the O=U=O group. Also modifications of valence vibrations appear characteristic to the azomethinic groups, nu(C=N,) and the apparition of some new bands in the 300-500 cm(-1) domain, characteristic to forming of some new bonds U-O and U-N. The formed complexes represent tetragonal bipyramidal geometry. The study of the capacity coordination of uranyl ions is important in determining, dozing and precipitin of the ions in diverse used waters.     

SO（8）对关联和代数壳模型中的SU（3）四极基底（英文）

建立了SO（8） 同位旋标量、同位旋矢量及总的配对基与微观壳模型坐标空间部分的Elliott SU（3） 基之间的对应关系。从该代数间的互补关系导出了在壳模型的粒子数守恒代数U（4Ω） 中所包含的具有同位旋T 及自旋S 的Wigner 超多重态（不可约） 表示。其重要性在于,该结果能用于研究对相互作用和四极-四极相互作用在核谱中的竞争效应并揭示其配对基中的SU（3） 组份。虽然仅展示了该理论对ds 壳的计算,其方法也适用于研究多壳的情形。We establish a correspondence between the SO(8) isoscalar, isovector and total pairing bases and the Elliott's SU(3) basis in the algebraic structure of the spatial part of the microscopic shell model. It is derived from the complementarity of these algebras to the same T, S, (S,T) irreducible representations (irreps) of the Wigners supermultiplets, contained in the shell-model number-conserving algebra U(4Ω). This important result allows for the evaluation of the content of SU(3) irreps into the different types of pairing bases which leads to an investigation of the complementarity and competitive effects of pairing and the quadrupole-quadrupole interactions on the energy spectra of the nuclear systems. The theory is valid for any shell and for a number of shells as well, but we illustrate it with the results for a single ds-shell.     

Scale Invariance and Minimum Extension of the SU(2)×U(1) Model

In this note, we discuss a minimum extension of the SU(2)×U(1) model to include both gauge invariance and scale invariance by introducing a complex phase transformation and related complex gauge field, in which the imaginary part corresponds to the Weyl's vector field.     

Spectrophotometric Studies of the Influence of Organic Solvents and Substituents on Some Schiff Bases

The effect of the substituents, solvent polarities and hydrogen ion concentration on the electronic structure and UV/VIS absorption spectra of some Schiff bases, derivatives of N-(R-benzylidene)benzidine (R = o-NO₂ and o-OH, p-OH) and N-(R-furfurylidene)benzidine (R = H and 5 - NO₂), have been studied. The spectral shifts obtained in various organic solvents were discussed on the basis of the specific solute - solvent interactions through the formation of hydrogen bonds between hydrogen-bond donor (HBD) solvents and the benzidine nitrogen atom of the Schiff bases. Some interpretations of the electronic aspects of this type of hydrogen bonding were discussed as well as the stabilization effects due to the solvation. Finally, the pK values of the compounds were determined.     

EPR Entangled States for Bipartite Kinematics and New Bosonic Representation of SU（2） Algebra

We find that the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) entangled state representation descr/bing bipartite kinematics is closely related to a new Bose operator realization of SU(2) Lie algebra. By virtue of the new realization some ttamiltonian eigenfunction equation can be directly converted to the generalized confluent equation in the EPR entangled state representation and its solution is obtainable. This thus provides a new approach for studying dynamics of angular momentum systems.     

EPR Entangled States for Bipartite Kinematics and New Bosonic Representation of SU(2) Algebra

We find that the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) entangled state representation describing bipartite kinematics is closely related to a new Bose operator realization of SU(2) Lie algebra. By virtue of the new realization some Hamiltonian eigenfunction equation can be directly converted to the generalized confluent equation in the EPR entangled state representation and its solution is obtainable. This thus provides a new approach for studying dynamics of angular momentum systems.     

Theory of Gravity in Fierz Variables (The Linear Case)

We present a complete theory of massive and massless spin-two field using Fierz variables A_αβμ for flat and curved space-times; its relationship with the standard variable Ψ_μν and the bridge relation which allows the passage from one representation to the other. The theory presented is nothing but the weak approximation of Einstein's General Relativity in the Jordan-Lichnerowicz formulation.     

有限束宽下光栅对压缩的理论研究

给出了入射脉冲为有限束宽时,光栅对压缩的理论模型。并据此分析了脉冲高斯光束单次及两次通过光栅对时的变换特性,以及高阶色散对脉冲压缩的影响。     

Size effect in the (PrF3 nanoparticles-3He) system

Spin kinetics of adsorbed and liquid ³He in contact with crystalline nanopowders of the Van Vleck paramagnet PrF₃ at a temperature of 1.5 K has been studied by nuclear magnetic resonance. The correlation between the parameters of the nuclear magnetic relaxation of ³He and the sizes of the sample particles has been found. A qualitative model of the magnetic relaxation of ³He describing the experimental results has been proposed.     

Accurate Potential Curve for the Double Minimum 2(1)Sigma(+)(u) State of Na(2)

The double minimum 2(1)Sigma(+)(u) state of Na(2) was investigated by polarization labeling spectroscopy technique. A total of 1156 transitions to rovibrational levels of the inner well and above the barrier were identified. Using the IPA method, an accurate potential curve of the state was constructed based on a weighted fit of our experimental results and spectroscopic data available in the literature [D. L. Cooper, R. F. Barrow, J. Vergés, C. Effantin, and J. d'Incan, Can. J. Phys. 62, 1543-1558 (1984)]. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.     

A Hund's Case (a) Analysis of the

We have recently observed a weak electronic subband near 513 nm in the electronic spectrum of cobalt monofluoride. A rotational analysis has led to its identification as a (3)Phi(3)-X(3)Phi(4) subband where DeltaSigma=-1 and DeltaOmega=-1. This critical datum has been used in combination with our previously published data (A. G. Adam et al., 1994, Chem. Phys. Lett. 230, 82) to obtain a Hund's case (a) analysis for the [18.8](3)Phi(i)-X(3)Phi(i) transition of CoF. The spectroscopic constants and electronic states of CoF are compared to those of CoH and Co(+). Two distinct excited (3)Phi electronic state vibrational progressions have also been identified in the CoF spectra. The band positions and rotational constants have been used to calculate equilibrium constants for the excited (3)Phi states. The two electronic transitions are identified as the K(3)Phi(i)-X(3)Phi(i) and L(3)Phi(i)-X(3)Phi(i) transitions based on comparisons with CoH. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.     

Size effects in thermal and photochemistry of (NO)2 on Ag nanoparticles

NO dimers adsorbed on alumina supported silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs, radii R approximately 1-6 nm) show decreasing desorption temperatures and complex behavior of photoinduced desorption with decreasing NP size. In particular, for resonant excitation of the (1,0) Mie plasmon at 3.5 eV the photoinduced desorption cross section increases with 1/R, showing a pronounced enhancement (40 times) at R approximately 2.5 nm compared to Ag(111). At 4.7 eV the translational temperature of photodesorbed NO increases strongly with 1/R. We discuss these trends and peculiarities in terms of the size-dependent properties of the Ag NPs.     

大学物理实验中的创新设计方法及应用研究

大学物理实验运用原理应用设计法、联想类比设计法、改进设计法、变异设计法、组合设计法等创新设计方法。掌握这些方法可以提升大学生的创新设计能力,为后续课程的学习和将来的工作打下良好基础。     

Some lifetimes and transition probabilities in Cu(I)

Radiative lifetimes of 7 levels in the Cu(I) 3d⁹ 4s4p configuration have been measured using a delayed coincidence technique; copper vapor was excited in an argon buffer gas and cross sections for collisional destruction of copper levels by argon were also obtained. Transition probabilities of the lines originating from these levels have been determined using the measured lifetimes and branching ratios.     

Problems of the Grid Size Selection in Differential Box-Counting (DBC) Methods and an Improvement Strategy

The differential box-counting (DBC) method is useful for determining the fractal dimension of grayscale images. It is simple to learn and implement and has been extensively utilized. However, this approach has several problems, such as over- or undercounting the number of boxes due to inappropriate parameter choices, limiting the calculation accuracy. Many studies have been conducted to increase the algorithm’s computational accuracy by improving the calculating parameters of the differential box-counting method. The grid size is a crucial parameter for the DBC method. Generally, there are two typical ways for selecting the grid size in relevant studies: consecutive integer and divisors of image size. However, both methods for grid size selection are problematic. The consecutive integer method cannot partition the image entirely and will result in the undercounting of boxes; the divisors of image size can partition the image completely. However, this method uses fewer grid sizes to compute fractal dimensions and has a relatively huge distance error (DE). To address the shortcomings of the above-mentioned two approaches, this research presents an improved grid size selection strategy. The improved method enhances computational accuracy by computing the discarded image edge areas in the consecutive integer method, allowing the original image information to be used as thoroughly as the divisor strategy. Based on fractional Brownian motion (FBM), Brodatz, and Aerials image sets, the accuracy of the three grid size selection techniques (consecutive integer method, divisors of image size method, and the improved algorithm) to compute the fractal dimension is then compared. The results reveal that, compared to the two prior techniques, the revised algorithm described in this study minimizes the distance error and increases the accuracy of the fractal dimension computation.     

Finite Size Effects in the Free Energy Density for Abelian (Anti-)Self-Dual Gluon Field in SU(3) Gluodynamics

Physics of Particles and Nuclei Letters - Finite-size effects in the free energy density for Abelian (anti-)self-dual gluon field are investigated within $$SU(3)$$ gluodynamics. In particular, the...     

The Exact Solutions of Some (2 + 1)-Dimensional Integrable Systems

The equivalence of three (2 1)-dimensional soliton equations is proved, and the quite generalsolutionswitha some arbitrary functions of x, t and y respectively are obtained. By selecting the arbitrary functions, many specialtypes of the localized excitations like the solitoff solitons, multi-dromion solutions, lump, and multi-ring soliton solutionsare obtained.     

Effect of Droplet Size on the First Order Ziff-Gulari-Barshad (ZGB) Phase Transition

We introduce a new method to analyze the coexistence region of the constant rate ensemble ZGB discontinuous transition. The method clearly delineates the spinodal and coexistence points in the constant rate ZGB model. Increase in system size reduces the gap between the spinodal and coexistence points. Next we quantify the effect of metastability by introducing a droplet/nucleus of CO occupied sites in the initial system. In systems with initial nucleus of increasing size the distance between the spinodal and the coexistence point decreases, until for a large enough droplet spanning the initial system, the spinodal and the coexistence points become indistinguishable.