类风湿性关节炎患者血浆置换前后铜铁锌的变化

测定了１５例类风湿性关节炎（ＲＡ）病人采用血浆置换（ＰＥ）治疗前后血浆中铜、铁、锌含量，ＰＥ治疗前与正常人对比，ＲＡ病人血铜含量升高，血锌含量下降，铜／锌比值升高。ＰＥ治疗后，血铜及铜／锌比值恢复正常，病情有所改善。     

类风湿性关节炎血浆置换治疗前后微量元素铜铁锌的变化

采用原子吸收分光光度计，对１５例类风湿性关节炎患者血浆中铜、铁、锌的含量进行测定，并与正常对照组作比较。结果显示患者铜明显升高，锌降低，铜／锌比值升高。血浆置换后铜含量及铜／锌比值恢复正常，锌含量有所恢复。证明类风湿性关节炎患者铜、铁、锌的代谢方面存在一定缺陷。血浆置换可纠正这种微量元素代谢异常，从而起到改善免疫功能的作用。     

免疫吸附剂吸附类风湿因子（RF）

以聚乙烯醇水凝胶为载体，氨基酸为选择性配基，制备亲合性免疫吸附剂，用于清除类风湿性关节炎患者体内的类风湿因子（ＲＦ），实验中对水凝胶载体交联度、选择性配基种类、手臂效应等与吸附及选择性能的关系进行了研究。实验数据表明：当水凝胶交联度为４０％时，联接Ｌ－丝氨酸对ＲＦ具有最好的吸附选择性能。对患者血浆中ＲＦ－ＩｇＭ、ＲＦ－ＩｇＧ、ＲＦ－ＩＧＡ的吸附率分别达到６２．８％、４７．２％、和６０．０％，而对血浆蛋白无吸附。     

CuO／γ－Al_2O_3催化剂铜物种的分散状态研究

本文用ＸＲＤ，ＸＰＳ，ＴＰＲ和ＥＳＲ研究焙烧温度对ＣｕＯ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂中铜物种分散状态的影响。在低负载量（５％Ｃｕ）不高于７００℃焙烧时，以“表面尖晶石”形式存在的铜物种，包括两种分散状态：分散的和高度分散的，后者与载体有较强的相互作用，焙烧温度升高，使铜物种分散状态变化，高度分散的铜物种量增加．当焙烧温度为９００℃或更高时，生成ＣｕＡｌ２Ｏ４以及载体的相变使高度分散的铜物种减少，从３５０～１０００℃，存在一个使铜物种达到最佳分散态的温度，约为７００℃。在９００℃焙烧时，增加铜的负载量使ＣｕＡｌ２Ｏ４的生成量增加。     

固相配位化学反应的研究：LXⅧ.2—氨基嘧啶与Cu（Ⅱ）盐的固—固相化学反应

室温或近室温条件下，２－氨基嘧啶（ＡＰ）与４种铜（Ⅱ）盐ＣｕＣｌ２．２Ｈ２Ｏ，ＣｕＢｒ２，ＣｕＳＯ４．５Ｈ２Ｏ，ＣｕＡｃ２，Ｈ２Ｏ发生固－固相化学反应，生成３类不同配位比（Ｃｕ／ＡＰ）分别为２：２、１：１和１：２）的２－氨基嘧啶合铜与合物，用元素分析，碘量法，电感耦合等离直读光谱、ＩＲ、ＸＲＤ、ＵＶ、ＥＳＲ等方法表征了固相反应产物，不同阴离子铜盐的结构是影响固相反应的主要原因。讨论了固相反应的过程     

新荧光试剂—3—邻甲苯基—5—（2‘—羧基苯偶氮）绕丹宁的荧光性质研究

本文报道新荧光试剂－３－邻甲苯基－５－（２’－羧基苯偶氮）绕丹宁（３ＯＭＲＡＣＰ）的荧光特性，建立了荧光分析测定铜的方法，在ｐＨ５．６时，３ＯＭＲＡＣＰ与铜（Ⅱ）形成螯合物，并在λｅｘ／λｅｍ＝３０８ｎｍ／４０５ｎｍ产生强烈荧光，其荧光强度与铜（Ⅱ）的浓度在０．１～４．０×１０＾－２μｇ／ｇ范围内呈线性关系，检测限达５×１０＾－４μｇ／ｇ。测定了人发中的痕量铜，结果满意。     

轴向配体的碱性对Co(SBMe)双氧加合物和Cu(SBPh)结构影响的ESR研究

用希夫碱钴（Ⅱ）和铜（Ⅱ）配合物作为模型化合物，系统地研究了轴向配体的碱性对模型化合物ＥＳＲ参数的影响。实验发现，钴（Ⅱ）配合物的│Ａ│张量随轴向配体碱性的增加而减小，而铜（Ⅱ）配合物的│Ａ│张量正好相反。用π反馈作用解释了这一现象。     

N，N－二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸聚氯乙烯酯引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯的光接枝交联聚合反应

用铜试剂（Ｎ，Ｎ－二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠）取代聚氯乙烯中的部分氯原子制备了Ｎ，Ｎ－二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸聚氯乙烯酯（ＰＶＣ－ＳＲ），研究了紫外光照下ＰＶＣ－ＳＲ引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯（ＭＭＡ）的聚合反应，考察了光照时间、单体浓度、ＰＶＣ－ＳＲ用量及官能度的影响．结果表明，ＰＶＣ－ＳＲ能有效地引发ＭＭＡ聚合，其产物是交联型接枝聚合物，且具有高接枝率和接枝效率。     

N,N—二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸聚氯乙烯酯引发甲基丙烯酸甲…

用铜试剂（Ｎ，Ｎ－二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠）取代聚氯乙烯中的部分氯原子制备了Ｎ，Ｎ－二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸聚氯乙烯酯（ＰＶＣ－ＳＲ），研究了紫外光照下ＰＶＣ－ＳＲ引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯（ＭＭＡ）的聚合反应，考察了光照时间、单体浓度、ＰＶＣ－ＳＲ用量及官能度的影响。结果表明，ＰＶＣ－ＳＲ能有效地引发ＭＭＡ聚合，其产物是交联型接枝聚合物，且具有高接枝率和接枝效率。     

两波长结合—多波长线性回归分光光度法同时测定3组分的研究

本文提出分光光度同时测定３组分的两波长结合－多波长线性回归法，不需要等吸收点，对ＰＡＲ－铜，锌，钴体系合成样测定的结果较为满意。     

Response of Linear,Branched or Crosslinked Polyethylene Structures on the Attack of Oxygen Plasma

Linear, branched and crosslinked polyethylenes (PE) were exposed to the low-pressure oxygen plasma for 2–120 s. In the following the samples were washed with solvents to remove low-molecular weight oxidized material and to excavate the subjacent polymer structure for microscopic characterization. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements provided information about changes in elemental composition and chemical structure of PE after plasma exposure and washing. The calculation of the concentration of tertiary C atoms using XPS data was a measure of branches and crosslinking in the polymer before and after exposure to oxygen plasma. Linear PE was most sensitive towards oxygen plasma and showed the highest concentration in tertiary C atoms after plasma exposure. On the other hand branched PE types, which possess originally more tertiary carbon atoms, have lost two-third of them after 2 s oxygen plasma exposure. Branched PE show also topological changes at their surface as detected by atomic force microscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements confirmed strong changes in crystallinity and molecular orientation of linear PE already after 120 s exposure to the oxygen plasma interpreted as amorphization. These effects should be interpreted as result of crosslinking caused by the recombination of dangling bond sites.     

聚乙烯表面接枝聚合改性及抗凝血性的研究

聚乙烯(PE)膜经Ar等离子体预处理,无光引发剂紫外光照接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA),然后进行肝素化处理,以改善PE的抗凝血性能。用正交实验确定接枝反应的最优条件。通过X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)、衰减全反射红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和接触角测定PE膜接枝GMA前后表面性能和表面形貌。用复钙时间、凝血酶原时间、部分凝血活酶时间、凝血酶时间和血小板粘附实验对其抗凝血性能进行评价,结果表明,被修饰PE膜的抗凝血性能显著提高。     

Determination of ultrafiltrable and exchangeable copper in plasma: stability and reference values in healthy subjects

The knowledge of copper (Cu) distribution in blood contributes to a better understanding of copper metabolism and to a better approach and follow up of related diseases such as Wilson’s disease (WD). Many tests can be used to investigate patients who may have WD but they show many drawbacks and do not allow real patient monitoring. Knowing that the Cu overload can result from the free and easily exchangeable form of copper in plasma, a two-step method (ultrafiltration–determination by ETAAS) was carried out to determine these two fractions. The ultrafiltration procedure and the instrumental determination showed good repeatability, and a very low limit of detection was obtained (0.7 nmol/L). In vitro stability of both ultrafiltrable copper (CuUF) and exchangeable copper (CuEXC) was studied. Plasma was ultrafiltered in 44 presumably healthy subjects to determine CuUF and CuEXC and to set reference values ranges. The method was applied on a few patients showing good correlation between both parameters and the clinical and biological features of the patients. Figure Ultrafiltrable fraction of plasma copper is very instable in vitro. A 50% loss occurs within 6 hours after blood sampling     

Vacuum-ultraviolet induced oxidation of the polymers polyethylene and polypropylene

The emission from low-pressure microwave plasmas in the vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) region (λ < 200 nm) was investigated in order to use these plasmas as light sources for the study of the VUV photochemistry of polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) as part of the study of plasma-polymer interaction. These polymers, immersed in low-presure oxygen, were exposed to radiation with wavelengths down to 112 nm, the cut off of magnesium fluoride used as a window to separate the polymer specimen from the plasma light source. Total oxygen incorporation in the surface [O], and the formation of hydroxyl, carbonyl, and carboxyl groups were measured using XPS in combination with chemical derivatizations, particularly their dependence upon the radiation spectrum and the oxygen pressure around the sample. In most experiments the surface oxygen concentration [O] attained a constant value that appears to be related to the initial oxidation rate; this suggests a competition between oxygen incorporation and chain scission reactions, followed by the removal of volatile oxidation products. PE is usually oxidized to a higher level than PP, the latter appearing to be more susceptible to reaction with atomic oxygen than PE. A general initiation mechanism for the VUV experiments is proposed that allows us to explain the observed differences in behavior between PE and PP, and the results obtained under different irradiation conditions. The nature of oxidation products is in both cases very similar to what is observed after direct plasma treatment of the polymers. We conclude that short wavelength radiation contributes very appreciably to the observed surface modification effects during plasma treatment of PE and PP. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

小鼠早期胚胎肢体发育中的视黄酸诱导的视黄酸代谢

给怀孕10 d的小鼠胃灌流视黄酸(100 mgRA/kg体重)6和24 h后,对视黄酸合成酶基因Raldh2和代谢酶基因Cyp26a1,Cyp26b1在胚胎肢体的表达进行了分析.Cyp26a1和Cyp26b1在灌流6 h,表达增加;灌流24 h,表达恢复到正常水平.Raldh2在此时间段表达降低.这些结果提示:在小鼠早期胚胎肢体发育中,存在视黄酸诱导的视黄酸代谢.     

Liquid chromatographic/mass spectrometric assay of rabeprazole in dog plasma for a pharmacokinetic study

In order to evaluate the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of rabeprazole (RA) sterile powder for injection, a rapid, sensitive and specific assay for quantitative determination of RA in dog plasma was developed and validated. After a liquid-liquid extraction procedure, samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) using omepazole as the internal standard (IS). The analyte and IS was chromatographed on a ZORBAX Extend-C(18) analytical column (50 x 2 mm i.d, 5 microm, Agilent Technologies, USA). The assay was linear in the range 1-2000 ng/mL. The lower limit of quantification of RA was 1 ng/mL. The recovery of RA was greater than 70%. The within- and between-batch accuracy was 102.7-107.4% and 103.5-105.7%, respectively. The plasma samples for the PK study were collected at defined time points during and after an intravenous injection (1 mg/kg) to beagle dogs and analyzed by LC-ESI-MS method. The PK parameters, such as half-life, volume of distribution, total clearance and elimination rate constant, were determined. The PK profile of RA gave insights into the application in the clinics.     

IL-17 induces the production of IL-16 in rheumatoid arthritis

The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of IL-16 in the rheumatoid synovium and the role of inflammatory cytokines and Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands in IL-16 production by fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Immunohistochemical staining was performed with a monoclonal antibody to IL-16 in synovial tissues from patients with RA and likewise in patients with osteoarthritis (OA). FLS were isolated from RA synovial tissues and stimulated with IL-15, IL-1beta, IFN-gamma, and IL-17. The IL-16 mRNA level was assessed by semiquantitative RT-PCR and real time (RT) PCR and a comparison was made between IL-16 mRNA levels produced by RA-FLS and OA-FLS. Production of IL-16 was identified by a western blot assay, and IL-16 production after stimulation by specific ligands of TLR2 and TLR4 was assessed by RT-PCR. While immunohistochemical staining demonstrated strong expression of IL-16 mRNA in synovial tissues from patients with RA, similar findings were not present in the OA group. Moreover, mRNA expression of IL-16 by RA-FLS increased after treatment with IL-17 but not with IL-15, IL-1beta, and IFN-gamma. Specifically, IL-17 increased IL-16 mRNA level by RA-FLS and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a dose-dependent manner. However, IL-17 did not stimulate IL-16 production in OA-FLS. Peptidoglycan, a selective TLR2 ligand, also increased production of IL-16 by RA-FLS dose- dependently, whereas LPS, a selective TLR4 ligand, had no such stimulatory effect. The results from our data demonstrate that IL-17 and TLR2 ligands stimulate the production of IL-16 by RA-FLS.     

木粉/聚乙烯复合材料的等离子体表面处理——等离子体处理时间对复合材料表面特性的影响

为改善木粉/聚乙烯复合材料的表面粘接性,实现木粉/聚乙烯复合材料的无缝连接,利用低温等离子体处理技术,对木粉/聚乙烯复合材料进行了表面处理.采用接触角测试、傅立叶变换红外光谱分析(FTIR)以及X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)研究了等离子体处理前后复合材料表面性能的变化.试验结果表明,经等离子体处理后,复合材料表面的接触角减小,表面润湿性得以改善;FTIR分析结果表明,经等离子体处理后,复合材料表面有—OH、—C=O和—O—C=O基团生成;XPS分析表明,经等离子体处理后,复合材料表面含氧基团的含量增加,在较短的时间内表面氧元素含量增加会达到平衡,且生成大量的—O—C=O基团。