牛蒡苷与牛蒡苷元的荧光性质及中药牛蒡子中牛蒡苷的荧光法测定

牛蒡苷和牛蒡苷元的三维荧光图谱中均呈现2个荧光峰,激发波长λex分别为230 nm和280 nm,发射波长(λem)均为310 nm。牛蒡苷的荧光远强于牛蒡苷元的荧光。溶液酸度对牛蒡苷和牛蒡苷元的荧光强度有明显影响。在pH13.0时,牛蒡苷的荧光增强,而牛蒡苷元的荧光猝灭。牛蒡子药材的三维荧光图谱和薄层荧光色谱表明,牛蒡子的荧光成分主要为牛蒡苷,而牛蒡苷元及其他共存组分在强碱性条件下对牛蒡苷的荧光无影响。据此,以甲醇为溶剂制备牛蒡子样品提取液,用水适当稀释并调节至pH 13.0,在λex/λem=280 nm/310 nm波长下测定牛蒡苷的含量。在0.014 5~2.03 mg·L-1范围内,荧光强度与牛蒡苷浓度间呈良好线性,其线性方程为IF=2.7+148.7ρ(mg·L-1),相关系数(r)为0.999。用本法测得牛蒡子对照药材中牛蒡苷的含量为6.01%,平均加标回收率为98.1%。用薄层荧光扫描法对本方法进行验证,结果表明,本法结果可靠,可用于牛蒡子药材的质量检验。     

超高压辅助离子液体提取/HPLC分析牛蒡子中牛蒡苷与牛蒡苷元

通过离子液体类型与浓度、提取压力、时间、料液比等单因素实验确定了超高压辅助离子液体提取牛蒡子中牛蒡苷和牛蒡苷元的最佳工艺。结果表明,超高压离子液体提取最佳工艺为以0.80 mol/L溴化1-十二烷基-3-甲基咪唑溶液为溶剂,提取压力200 MPa,提取时间2 min,料液比1∶20(g/mL),牛蒡苷和牛蒡苷元的提取率分别为37.15、8.04 mg/g。与传统提取方法相比,超高压提取时间只需2 min,是超声方法的1/15、加热回流方法的1/60,极大地节省了提取时间,提高了工作效率,且不污染环境,是提取牛蒡苷和牛蒡苷元的一种简单有效的方法。     

三维荧光法测定水中的4-氯苯酚

对三维荧光法测定水中的4-氯苯酚进行了研究,并与传统的比色法进行了比较。4-氯苯酚的三维荧光光谱图中荧光特征峰位于λex/λem=280 nm/310 nm处,在pH 1~8时,荧光较强且稳定。4-氯苯酚质量浓度为0.01~2.0 mg/L时,荧光强度与浓度的线性相关系数R2为0.9997,检出限为0.0096 mg/L。方法可用于自来水及地表水中的4-氯苯酚的测定,回收率在94.3%~106.0%。     

同步扫描-双波长荧光分光光度法同时测定三种儿茶酚胺类神经递质

提出了用同步扫描-双波长荧光分光光度法同时测定肾上腺素(EP)、去甲肾上腺素素(NEP)和多巴胺(DA)3种儿茶酚胺类神经递质.试验表明:荧光检测宜选定发射波长(λen)与激发波长(λex)的波长差为70 nm(△λ=λem-λex)的条件下进行同步扫描.在λem为385.0 nm时DA的荧光信号不受EP和NEP的干扰,而EP和NEP相互的干扰,采用双波长荧光检测模式可消除.选择测定NEP的波长对为470.0 nm(λem,1)和531.8 nm(λem,2),测定EP的波长对为500.0 nm(λ'em,1)和445.6 nm(λ'em,2).测得荧光强度与3种儿茶酚胺浓度在320 μg·L-1(EP),640 μg·L-1(NEP)及160μg·L-1(DA)内呈线性关系,检出限(3σ/k)依次为0.20,0.97,0.73 μg·L-1.     

固态发酵-水煮耦合炮制牛蒡子提高牛蒡子苷元含量

研究了黑曲霉Aspergillus niger ZJUT712菌株固态发酵和水煮工艺相耦合炮制牛蒡子. 结果表明,该工艺提高了牛蒡子中有效成分牛蒡子苷元的含量,从而有利于促进牛蒡子摄入体内迅速起效. 最佳固态发酵炮制条件为: 0.5 g牛蒡子粉、 3 g麸皮、 2 g甘蔗渣、 0.3 g蛋白胨和10 ml Mandels营养液,固液比1∶3.6 g/ml, 初始pH 5.6, 30 ℃发酵 7 d. 牛蒡子苷元产率随底物初始浓度的增加而降低. A.niger ZJUT712转化0.174 mmol/L牛蒡子苷的产率可达93.0%. 7 d时间内A.niger ZJUT712水解牛蒡子苷的过程符合Monod方程,反应动力学常数为Vm=0.083 7 mmol/(L·d), Km=0.16 mmol/L.     

铈(Ⅳ)-L-酪氨酸的荧光光度法的研究及应用

本文提出了以L-酪氨酸为荧光剂测定铈的方法。其荧光物质的λ_(ex)=305nm,λ_(em)=347nm。当铈的浓度在5×10~(-7)～5×10~(-5)mol/L范围内与荧光强度呈线性关系。用本法测定了稀土样品和合成样品中铈的含量。     

荧光衍生法测定胶囊中苯甘孢霉素的含量

建立了用荧光分光光度法测定苯甘孢霉素含量的新方法.在近中性的介质中,苯甘孢霉素与Au(Ⅲ)发生配合反应生成荧光物质(λex=355 nm,λem=438 nm),在所选定的最佳条件下,苯甘孢霉素在0.40～20 mg·L-1范围内与体系荧光强度呈良好的线性关系,R=0.9982,对浓度为2.0 mg·L-1的苯甘孢霉素连续测定11次,其相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.48%,检出限为O.14 mg·L-1,平均回收率为100.4%.本法可用于片剂和胶囊中苯甘孢霉素含量的测定.     

荧光光度法测定环境水样中的苯酚和对苯二酚

建立了荧光光度法直接测定环境水样中的苯酚和对苯二酚的新方法.通过β-环糊精增敏,三维荧光扫描选择测量波长,在波长对为λex/λem=273/307 nm时测定苯酚,苯酚的线性范围为0～1×10-4 mol/L,检出限为6.6×10-8 mol/L;在波长对为λex/λem=295/331 nm时测定对苯二酚, 对苯二酚的线性范围为0～1.5×10-5 mol/L,检出限为5.2×10-9 mol/L,回收率达到93.5%～103.5%.     

嘧啶衍生物对牛蒡子苷元片段修饰的研究

用一系列具有生物活性的嘧啶衍生物修饰牛蒡子苷元,旨在寻找增强牛蒡苷元子抗肿瘤活性的同时又能降低嘧啶抗肿瘤副作用的先导化合物.本研究通过把卤代后的嘧啶衍生物与牛蒡子苷元酚羟基相接,合成得到11个新的化合物,通过1H NMR与LC-MS表征确定其结构.最终,增加了牛蒡子苷元抗肿瘤化合物库中化合物的数量,为接下来的体外活性筛选做准备.     

铕(Ⅲ)-培氟沙星-EDTA络合物的荧光特性及其应用

在近中性条件下,培氟沙星和Eu(Ⅲ)、EDTA反应形成配合物,发生分子内能量转移,产生Eu(Ⅲ)的特征荧光(λem=615 nm,λex=278 nm),据此建立了灵敏、快速的检测培氟沙星的方法,方法线性范围为0.02～1.40 mg·L-1,检出限为0.02 mg·L-1,回收率为96.89/6～100.7%.     

应用磁金纳米粒子研究牛血清白蛋白与牛蒡子苷之间的相互作用

建立了用于确定血清白蛋白与中药有效成分相互作用结合常数和结合位点数的新方法.利用磁金纳米粒子的超顺磁性和生物相容性,将其作为白蛋白的载体.将牛血清白蛋白固定在磁金纳米粒子上,白蛋白与药物结合后,通过外加磁场将磁金纳米粒子-白蛋白-药物复合物与游离药物分离,通过荧光光谱法得到的游离药物浓度,根据Scatchard方程直接计算出白蛋白与药物的结合常数和结合位点数.本方法用于研究牛血清白蛋白和牛蒡子苷之间的相互作用,结合常数为2.09×105 L/mol,结合位点数为16.63.通过外加磁场作用,使白蛋白从样品溶液中分离出来,样品溶液中只有药物,消除了测定药物时白蛋白的影响,因此所求得的结合位点的数目更准确.实验结果表明,本方法可用于测定分子间非共价结合的结合常数和结合位点数,同时为研究中药有效成分与血清白蛋白相互作用提供了参考.     

牛蒡叶中微量木脂体牛蒡子甙和牛蒡子甙元的分离与鉴定

 建立了分离鉴定牛蒡叶中微量木脂体牛蒡子甙(arctiin)和牛蒡子甙元(arctigenin)的方法。牛蒡叶粗提物经聚酰胺柱提取,浓缩其甲醇洗脱液并于低温下静置析出白色沉淀物。沉淀物用甲醇溶解后经反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)分离,纯化得到两个主要组分。经紫外光谱(UV)、红外光谱(FTIR)及电喷雾质谱(ESI-MS)检测,并与牛蒡子甙和牛蒡子甙元对照品的UV,LC-ESI-MS,HPLC及FTIR图谱比较,鉴定两个主要成分为牛蒡子甙和牛蒡子甙元。     

Synthesis and structure of hydroxyisoxazolidines and derivatives of hydroxylamine and alkenals

The reactions of N-substituted hydroxylamines with alkenals serve as a method for the synthesis of the corresponding 2-substituted 3(5)-hydroxyisoxazolidines. The reaction pathway is determined by the nature of the substituent attached to the nitrogen atom. Ring-chain isomerism has been detected in these newly obtained compoundsTranslated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 9, pp. 1270–1276, September, 1987.     

Synthesis and characterization of triazenide and triazene complexes of ruthenium and osmium

Triazenide [M(eta2-1,3-ArNNNAr)P4]BPh4 [M = Ru, Os; Ar = Ph, p-tolyl; P = P(OMe)3, P(OEt)3, PPh(OEt)2] complexes were prepared by allowing triflate [M(kappa2-OTf)P4]OTf species to react first with 1,3-ArN=NN(H)Ar triazene and then with an excess of triethylamine. Alternatively, ruthenium triazenide [Ru(eta2-1,3-ArNNNAr)P4]BPh4 derivatives were obtained by reacting hydride [RuH(eta2-H2)P4]+ and RuH(kappa1-OTf)P4 compounds with 1,3-diaryltriazene. The complexes were characterized by spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography of the [Ru(eta2-1,3-PhNNNPh){P(OEt)3}4]BPh4 derivative. Hydride triazene [OsH(eta1-1,3-ArN=NN(H)Ar)P4]BPh4 [P = P(OEt)3, PPh(OEt)2; Ar = Ph, p-tolyl] and [RuH{eta1-1,3-p-tolyl-N=NN(H)-p-tolyl}{PPh(OEt)2}4]BPh4 derivatives were prepared by allowing kappa1-triflate MH(kappa1-OTf)P4 to react with 1,3-diaryltriazene. The [Os(kappa1-OTf){eta1-1,3-PhN=NN(H)Ph}{P(OEt)3}4]BPh4 intermediate was also obtained. Variable-temperature NMR studies were carried out using 15N-labeled triazene complexes prepared from the 1,3-Ph15N=N15N(H)Ph ligand. Osmium dihydrogen [OsH(eta2-H2)P4]BPh4 complexes [P = P(OEt)3, PPh(OEt)2] react with 1,3-ArN=NN(H)Ar triazene to give the hydride-diazene [OsH(ArN=NH)P4]BPh4 derivatives. The X-ray crystal structure determination of the [OsH(PhN=NH){PPh(OEt)2}4]BPh4 complex is reported. A reaction path to explain the formation of the diazene complexes is also reported.     

Mass and NMR spectra of haplophyllidine and perforine and of their derivatives

Conclusions The mass and NMR spectra of haplophyllidine, perforine, and their derivatives have been studied. The influence of the open and cyclic forms of the molecular ion on the nature of the fragmentation has been discussed. The main routes of fragmentation of the compounds considered are due to the presence of substituents at C₈ and C₄.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 273–279, 1969     

Investigation of adhesion and mobility of polyurethane and epoxy-rubber glues and adhesives

The values of activation parameters in uncured and cured epoxy resins, rubbers, and blends thereof are investigated. The dependences of activation energy and adhesion strength of epoxy-rubber compositions on rubber content are determined. The correlation of adhesion and activation energy values for polyurethane rubber and epoxy-rubber compositions is shown.     

Crystal and molecular structure of aroyl- and acetylhydrazones of acet- and benzaldehydes

Aroyl- and acetylhydrazones of acet- (I) and benzaldehydes (IV) and benzoylhydrazones of acet- (II) and benzaldehydes (III) were studied by x-ray structural and quantum-chemical methods in order to establish their structures. Compund (I) was the EEZ structure in the crystal. Calculations and spectral data showed that the EEE form occurs in nonpolar solvents and in the gas phase. According to crystallographic data molecules (I)–(IV) are the E-isomers (relative to the N-N bond) and the hydrazone fragments are planar. Intermolecular N-H...O H-bonds from in the crystals. The data obtained suggest that the majority of acylhydrazones are conformationally rigid on dissolution although exceptions do occur. Apparently the reasons for the difference of acetyl- and benzoylhydrazones in electrocarboxylation reactions are electronic and not steric factors.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 75–81, January, 1991.     

Preparation and characterization of diarylphosphazene and diarylphosphinohydrazide complexes of titanium, tungsten and ruthenium and phosphorylketimido complexes of rhenium

Reaction of the proligand Ph2PN(SiMe3)2 (L1) with WCl6 gives the oligomeric phosphazene complex [WCl4(NPPh2)]n, 1 and subsequent reaction with PMe2Ph or NBu4Cl gives [WCl4(NPPh2)(PMe2Ph)] (2) or [WCl5(NPPh2)][NBu4] (3), respectively. DF calculations on [WCl5(NPPh2)][NBu4] show a W=N double bond (1.756 A) and a P-N bond distance of 1.701 A, which combined with the geometry about the P atom suggests, there is no P-N multiple bonding. Reaction of L1 with [ReOX3(PPh3)2] in MeCN (X = Cl or Br) gives [ReX2(NC(CH3)P(O)Ph2)(MeCN)(PPh3)](X = Cl, 4, X = Br, 5) which contains the new phosphorylketimido ligand. It is bound to the rhenium centre with a virtually linear Re-N-C arrangement (Re-N-C angle = 176.6 degrees, when X = Cl) and there is multiple bonding between Re and N (Re-N = 1.809(7) A when X = Cl). The proligand Ph2PNHNMe2(L2H) reacts with [(C5H5)TiCl3] to give [(C5H5)TiCl2(Me2NNPPh2)] (6). An X-ray crystal structure of the complex shows the ligand (L2) is bound by both nitrogen atoms. Reaction of the proligands Ph2PNHNR2[R2 = Me2 (L2H), -(CH2CH2)2NCH3 (L3H), (CH2CH2)2CH2 (L4H)] with [{RuCl(mu-Cl)(eta6-p-MeC6H4iPr)}2] gave [RuCl2(eta6-p-MeC6H4iPr)L] {L = L2H (7), L3H (8), L4H (9)}. The X-ray crystal structures of 7-9 confirmed that the phosphinohydrazine ligand is neutral and bound via the phosphorus only. Reaction of complexes 7-9 with AgBF4 resulted in chloride ion abstraction and the formation of the cationic species [RuCl(6-p-MeC6H4iPr)(L)]+ BF4- {(L = L2H (10), L3H (11), L4H (12)}. Finally, reaction of complex 6 with [{RuCl(mu-Cl)(eta6-p-MeC6H4iPr)}2] gave the binuclear species [(eta6-p-MeC6H4iPr)Cl2Ru(mu2,eta3-Ph2PNNMe2)TiCl2(C5H5)], 13.