ICP-AES测定切花向日葵的营养元素

湿法消解处理切花向日葵根、茎、叶、花等器官,采用ICP-AES测定P、K、Ca、Mg、B、Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn的含量,结果显示,K、P、Zn、B在叶中含量最高,Ca、Mg、Mn在茎中含量最高,而Fe、Cu在根中的含量最高;K、Mg在根中含量最低,P、Zn在茎中含量最低,Ca、Fe、B、Cu、Mn在花中含量最低.实验结果将为向日葵切花生产提供理论依据.     

ICP-AES测定香石竹侧蕾的营养元素

湿法消解处理4种香石竹侧蕾,ICP-AES测定K、Ca、Mg、B、Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn的含量,研究香石竹侧蕾的养分含量。结果表明,侧蕾中各元素除K、Mg、B外多呈下降趋势,其中K 311.1—356.7μg/mL,Ca 129.9—314.7μg/mL,Mg 75.68—99.21μg/mL。B、Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn作为微量元素,在香石竹器官中含量较少,除Cu外,其他微量元素的最高值都出现在1号试样。实验结果将为香石竹切花生产提供理论依据。     

ICP-AES测定水稻不同部位12种元素的含量

将水稻植株的稻米、谷壳、根、茎叶4个部位进行预处理,湿法消解后,用ICP-AES测定各部位Cu、Zn、Ni、Al、Fe、Mn、P、Ca、Mg、K、Na、B 12种元素的含量.结果表明:谷壳中Cu、Zn、Ni、P、Ca、Mg、K、B的含量高于水稻植株其他部位含量; Al、Fe主要集中在水稻根部.各元素的检出限为0.001...     

ICP-AES/ICP-MS测定胡芦巴不同部位矿质元素

采用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)和电感耦合等离子体-质谱法(ICP-MS)联合测定胡芦巴叶、茎和种子中13种矿质元素的含量,并考察了13种元素在胡芦巴不同部位的分布情况.分析结果表明,胡芦巴中13种矿质元素在各部位中的加合量(μg·g-1)由高到低的顺序依次为:叶(527644.60)＞茎(382441.80)＞种子(108389.20),各元素在不同部位分布也不同,其中Ca、K、Mg、Mn、Zn、Se在叶中含量总体相对较高;而P、Cu、Cr在种子中含量较高,其他各元素在3个部位的含量差异不大.此外,种子中Zn/Cu仅为5.30,有利于调节人体中胆固醇的异常代谢,与胡芦巴降血脂活性部位在种子中的结果一致.     

ICP-AES测定新疆菊苣子中的微量元素

试样经湿法消解后,采用ICP-AES测定新疆菊苣子中微量元素的含量。方法回收率在95.8%—101.3%之间,相对标准偏差均小于4%。实验证明,新疆菊苣子含有丰富的对人体有益的微量元素,为开发利用这一资源提供可信依据。     

青海不同地区锅炉用水中的元素分析

以电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定青海省不同地区锅炉用水中8种元素含量.方法的回收率在90.0％-100.6％之间,相对标准偏差不大于4.03％.实验证明,建立的方法简单快速,精密度高,满足对锅炉用水中微量元素的监测要求.     

5个非洲菊品种9种营养元素的分布规律初探

为了研究非洲菊中营养元素的分布规律,采用湿法消解ICP-AES测定5个非洲菊品种的9种营养元素.结果显示:9种元素呈现K＞Ca＞P＞Mg＞Fe＞B＞Mn＞Zn＞Cu的趋势.1号品种叶中Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn含量最高.2号品种叶中Cu含量最高,花中P含量最高;蕾中Ca、Mg含量最低.3号品种蕾中K含量最高;叶中P含量最低.4号品种花中B含量最高;叶中K含量最低.5号品种叶中Fe含量最高,Cu含量最低;蕾中Mn含量最低,花中Zn、B含量最低.这些结果对合理施肥具有指导作用.     

ICP-AES测定自制风味红枣豆浆的营养元素

通过正交试验设计实验方案,以方差分析优化实验条件制备得到了风味独特的红枣豆浆。采用ICP-AES测定自制红枣豆浆的Ca、Zn、Fe、Mn、Mg、Cu和K7种营养元素。该法简单、快速、灵敏度高,准确性好。回收率在96.9%—100.5%之间,相对标准偏差小于2.02%。实验结果表明:自制红枣豆浆中K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn含量较为丰富,风味独特、品质较好。     

ICP-OES法分析桑椹果实成熟过程中14种矿物元素含量的变化

桑椹果实在成熟过程中各种成分不断发生变化,但对期间矿物元素的变化了解甚少。文章以桑椹果实为材料,采用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱(ICP-OES)法对绿色期、粉色期、红色期、黑色期四种不同成熟度桑椹果实的九种必需元素和五种重金属元素含量进行了测定。结果发现,随着果实成熟度的增加,Na,K,Ca,Mg,Fe,Zn,Mn和Cu等元素的含量均出现明显的下降趋势,绿色期桑椹果实中上述各种元素的含量分别为2.99,2 957.49,809.00,559.95,36.30,10.07,2.12和1.32 mg·kg-1,而粉色期上述各种元素的含量下降了62.9%(Zn)至12.3%(Na),红色期上述各种元素的含量分别降至1.63, 2 367.13, 489.30, 221.54, 19.01, 2.64, 0.40和0.59 mg·kg-1,黑色期果实各种元素的含量保持继续下降的趋势,但幅度大大减小。Se元素的含量绿色期最高,为1.24 mg·kg-1,粉色期下降,红色期上升至0.88 mg·kg-1,而黑色期又下降为0.65 mg·kg-1。重金属元素中Pb含量在前三个成熟时期变化不显著,而黑色期大大下降,绿色期最高为0.27 mg·kg-1,未超出国家标准。Cr含量随着果实成熟度的增加而增加,但黑色期又降至粉色期的水平,虽然红色期为54.07 mg·kg-1,但仍未超出国家标准。文章通过测定不同成熟时期桑椹果实的矿物元素含量,为果实采收时期的确定提供理论依据,也为桑椹果实的功能评价和安全评价提供参考数据。     

不同前处理方法对ICP-AES测定枸杞元素含量的影响

用ICP-AES测定中药材枸杞中锌、铅、锰、铁、铬、镁、钙、铜、钠、钾、镉11种元素。比较了常规湿法消化法、高压消化罐法和微波消解法处理样品对测定结果的影响。研究结果表明,高压消化罐法和微波消解处理样品,精密度和回收率较好。在选定的实验条件下,各元素间互不干扰,可在同一样品液中进行多种元素的分别测定。利用该方法测定其回收率在92.9%—101.0%之间,相对标准偏差在0.72%—2.40%之间。     

Spectral analysis of wind speed determined at different sites in Sardinia

Summary A first evaluation of the characteristics of periodic fluctuations of the horizontal wind speed component at the ground has been determined in six stations in Sardinia. The analysis takes into account only wind speed component without considering variations in wind direction. The spectral analysis shows large variations in magnitudes from site to site and from season to season concerning the fundamental harmonic (24 hour) and the harmonics of periodT/2,T/3 andT/4. The largest fluctuations are associated with regimes of great windiness andvice versa.

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Riassunto Una prima valutazione delle caratteristiche delle fluttuazioni periodiche della componente orizzontale del vento a terra è stata effettuata prendendo in esame sei stazioni anemometriche situate in Sardegna. L'analisi spettrale ha messo in evidenza variazioni non trascurabili nelle ampiezze dell'armonica fondamentale (24 ore) della velocità del vento che dipendono dalla localizzazione delle stagioni e dalla stagione. In generale si può mettere in evidenza una relazione empirica che associa le ampiezze delle fluttuazioni con i valori medi stagionali della velocità del vento.

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Резюме На шести анемометрических станциях в Сардинии проведена первая оденка параметров периодических флуктуадий горизонтальной составляющей скорости ветра на поверхности Земли. Анализ учитывает только компоненту скорости ветра, не рассматвивая изменения направления ветра. Спектральный анализ обнаруживает большие изменения по амплитуде в зависимости от местоположения и от сезона при исследовании основной гармоники (24 часа) и гармоник с периодамиT/2,T/3 иT/4. Наибольшие флуктуации связаны с режимами сильного ветра и наоборот.

     

Spectral and luminescent properties of some porphyrin compounds in different electronic states

The spectral and luminescent properties of some derivatives of tetraphenylporphyrin are studied at different concentrations of these compounds; the spectra of neutral and ionic forms are interpreted; and the quantum yields of ordinary and, in some cases, short-wavelength fluorescence from highly excited states are determined. The spectra of transient absorption from excited states, existing in the time range of tens of nanoseconds, are measured, and the quantum yields of formation of triplet molecules are estimated. Hypotheses regarding the mechanism of phototransformations of some porphyrins in chloroform are put forth.     

Micrometer-scale deformation jumps at different stages of creep in solids

Laser interferometry is used to study micrometer-scale creep-strain nonuniformities (jumps) that occur during compression of metals (Ag, Al, Bi, Cu, Pb, Sn, Zn) and LiF: Mg crystals. The strain rate is found to vary periodically. The average magnitude of deformation L over one period and the variation of L with the total strain are determined. Correlations are found to exist between L and the Mg content in the LiF crystals, between L and the grain size in the metals, and between the magnitude of small jumps and the Burgers vector in the metals.     

The inactivation kinetics of polyphenol oxidase in mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) during thermal and thermosonic treatments

The effect of thermal and thermosonic treatments on the inactivation kinetics of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) was studied in 55–75 °C temperature range. In both the processes, the inactivation kinetics of PPO followed a first-order kinetics (R² = 0.941–0.989). The D values during thermal inactivation varied from 112 ± 8.4 min to 1.2 ± 0.07 min while they varied from 57.8 ± 6.1 min to 0.88 ± 0.05 min during thermosonic inactivation at the same temperature range. The activation energy during thermal inactivation was found to be 214 ± 17 kJ/mol, while it was 183 ± 32 kJ/mol during thermosonic inactivation. The inactivating effect of combined ultrasound and heat was found to synergistically enhance the inactivation kinetics of PPO. The D values of PPO decreased by 1.3–3 times during thermosonic inactivation compared to the D values of PPO during thermal inactivation at the temperature range. Therefore, thermosonication can be further developed as an alternative to “hot break” process of mushroom.     

介质阻挡放电不同边界放电区域的光谱分析

利用大直径双水电极介质阻挡放电装置,在氩气和空气的混合气体中观察到了相同实验条件下不同边界的放电区域出现不同放电模式的实验现象.其中正方形封闭边界内可形成规则的斑图,而半开放放电区域只能看到随机游走的放电丝.通过采集发射光谱发现封闭边界内激发能较高的几条谱线如696.5,727.3,750.4和772.4nm的相对强度...     

Sonoluminescence and acoustic emission spectra at different stages of cavitation zone development

The way in which a cavitation zone develops in a focused pulsed ultrasound field is studied in this work. Sonoluminescence (SL), total hydrophone output and cavitation noise spectra have been recorded across a gradual, smooth increase in applied voltage. It is shown that the cavitation zone passes through a number of stages of evolution, according to increasing ultrasound intensity, decreasing pulse period and increasing ultrasound pulse duration. Sonoluminescence is absent in the first phase and the hydrophone output spectra consists of a main line with two or three harmonics whose intensity is much lower than that of the main (fundamental) line. The second stage sees the onset of SL whose intensity increases smoothly and is accompanied by the appearance of higher harmonics and subharmonics in the cavitation noise spectra. In some cases, the wide-band (WBN) component can be seen in noise spectra during the final part of the second stage. In the third stage, SL intensity increases significantly and often quite sharply, while WBN intensity increases in the same manner. This is accompanied by a synchronous increase in the absorption of ultrasound by the cavitation zone, which is manifested in a sharp decrease in the hydrophone output. In the fourth stage, both SL and WBN intensities tend to decrease despite the increased voltage applied to the transducer. Furthermore, the fundamental line tends to decrease in strength as well, despite the increasing ultrasound intensity. The obtained results clearly identify the different stages of cavitation zone development using cavitation noise spectra analyses. We then hypothesize that three of the above stages may be responsible for three known types of ultrasound action on biological cells: damping viability, reversible cell damage (sonoporation) and irreversible damage/cytotoxicity.     

X-ray diffractometry and electron microscopy of porous silicon layers at different stages of oxidation in air

Porous silicon layers prepared by anodic etching under different conditions have been systematically studied in the course of their natural oxidation (aging) in air by many-crystal X-ray diffractometry and transmission electron microscopy. Quantitative information on the strains and crystal structure of layers has been obtained using a combination of measurements of the 004 symmetric and 224 asymmetric reflections in the Bragg geometry on double-crystal and triple-crystal X-ray diffractometers. It has been revealed that the aging of porous silicon is accompanied by an increase in macrostrains and microstrains, as well as in micro-misorientations of crystal fragments, which lead to gradual destruction of porous layers up to their complete amorphization.     

Spectral analysis and trend of total ozone observations at Vigna di Valle

Summary Time series analyses of measurements of total ozone make possible an in-depth climatological study of this important stratospheric gas. The Italian Air Force's Vigna di Valle Observatory (42°N, 12°E, 262 m a.s.l.) provided a time series of monthly averages (January 1958–December 1988) of total ozone. Spectral analysis and running averages were combined to detect medium-(QBOs of estimated (4÷5) DU amplitudes) and long-term fluctuations (possible correlation to 11-year solar cycle) and to filter them, leaving any overlapping trends unaltered. Total ozone trend estimates produced by the present study were +0.1% per decade for the 1959–1987 period and a decrease of −0.4% per decade for the more recent 1970–1987 span, over which a pronounced ozone depletion caused mainly by CFCs is assumed. This study has supported by the CNR-ENEL Project ?Interaction of energy system with human health and environment?.