On the development of plasma relativistic microwave oscillator without strong magnetic field

A method for generating microwave pulses with a power of ～1 GW and a frequency controlled in a band from 2 to 15 GHz during the interaction of relativistic electrons with plasma without strong magnetic field is proposed in the numerical model. The combination of a broadband plasma relativistic microwave oscillator and a monochromatic magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator (MILO) allows the development of a device combining advantages of both prototypes.     

无外加引导磁场相对论返波振荡器粒子模拟

设计了一种无外加引导磁场S波段相对论返波振荡器,采用阳极网提取电子,并设计了非均匀慢波结构。通过Karat 2.5维全电磁粒子模拟程序研究了器件内束-波作用的物理过程。典型模拟结果为:当二极管工作电压330 kV、电流2.83 kA时,器件在频率2.79 GHz处获得较高的微波输出,经27 ns后饱和,输出微波的功率达158 MW,效率约为16.8%。     

无外加引导磁场相对论返波振荡器粒子模拟

设计了一种无外加引导磁场S波段相对论返波振荡器,采用阳极网提取电子,并设计了非均匀慢波结构。通过Karat 2.5维全电磁粒子模拟程序研究了器件内束-波作用的物理过程。典型模拟结果为：当二极管工作电压330 kV、电流2.83 kA时, 器件在频率2.79 GHz处获得较高的微波输出,经27 ns后饱和,输出微波的功率达158 MW,效率约为16.8%。     

Simulation of the relativistic backward wave oscillator with a sinusoidal guiding magnetic field

A simulation is carried out to investigate a relativistic backward wave oscillator （RBWO） with a sinusoidal guiding magnetic field. In the numerical simulation, a microwave output power of 1.33 GW at 9.57 GHz microwave frequency with 33% conversion efficiency is achieved. It is a significant attempt which is helpful for developing a practical high power microwave （HPM） source guided by a permanent magnetic field.     

Simulation of the relativistic backward wave oscillator with a sinusoidal guiding magnetic field

A simulation is carried out to investigate a relativistic backward wave oscillator (RBWO) with a sinusoidal guiding magnetic field. In the numerical simulation, a microwave output power of 1.33 GW at 9.57 GHz microwave frequency with 33% conversion efficiency is achieved. It is a significant attempt which is helpful for developing a practical high power microwave (HPM) source guided by a permanent magnetic field.     

On the possibility to realize the efficient relativistic Čerenkov microwave generator without an external guiding magnetic field

We consider the preconditions for efficient operation of the relativistic Čerenkov microwave generator in the absence of an external guiding magnetic field. The analytical expression for the length of propagation of a solid cylindrical electron beam along the drift tube is obtained in the framework of the paraxial approximation. The influence of preliminary modulation of the electron beam on the starting current of the generator and its linear efficiency is analyzed. We calculated the geometry of a relativistic Čerenkov microwave generator with an efficiency of about 30%, in which the solid cylindrical electron beam propagates over a short resonance decelerating system (with the length L ≈ 3λ, where λ is the radiation wavelength) in the absence of an external magnetic field. In experiments, the efficiency of power conversion from the high-current electron beam into the electromagnetic radiation of the E₀₁ mode reached 8%, approximately (relative to the total current of the vacuum diode), for a power of 1.2 ± 0.3 GW and a generation frequency of 4.06 GHz. __________ Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 49, No. 10, pp. 829–836, October 2006.     

Experimental investigation of the relativistic backward wave oscillator with a periodic guiding magnetic field

Experiment is carried out on the accelerator Sinus-700 to investigate the Relativistic Backward Wave Oscillator （RBWO） with a periodic guiding magnetic field. When the strength of the guiding magnetic field, whose period is 4.6 cm, is 0.54 T, a microwave output power of 0.95 GW at 9.1 GHz microwave frequency is achieved. It is shown that the RBWO with a periodic guiding magnetic field is feasible.     

Experimental investigation of the relativistic backward wave oscillator with a periodic guiding magnetic field

Experiment is carried out on the accelerator Sinus-700 to investigate the Relativistic Backward Wave Oscillator (RBWO) with a periodic guiding magnetic field. When the strength of the guiding magnetic field, whose period is 4.6 cm, is 0.54 T, a microwave output power of 0.95 GW at 9.1 GHz microwave frequency is achieved. It is shown that the RBWO with a periodic guiding magnetic field is feasible.     

L波段同轴相对论返波振荡器导引磁场设计

设计了一个用于为L波段同轴相对论返波振荡器提供导引磁场的双线绕制、分段磁场线圈系统。根据粒子模拟中对磁场的要求和实验室已有的条件来确定磁场的各参数,通过数学软件Mathcad和全电磁粒子模拟程序Karat对设计出的轴向磁场位形进行验证。采用基于Hall效应的Tesla计对加工好的磁场线圈产生轴向磁场空间分布进行了测量,同时利用电子束轰击尼龙靶来考察电子束被导引的效果。利用绕制好的磁场线圈开展了初步实验研究,在二极管电压655kV,电子束流为10.4kA,导引磁场0.7T的条件下,输出微波峰值功率约为864MW,微波波形半高宽为23ns,功率转换效率约为12.7%,频率1.61GHz。     

L波段同轴相对论返波振荡器导引磁场设计

设计了一个用于为L波段同轴相对论返波振荡器提供导引磁场的双线绕制、分段磁场线圈系统。根据粒子模拟中对磁场的要求和实验室已有的条件来确定磁场的各参数,通过数学软件Mathcad和全电磁粒子模拟程序Karat对设计出的轴向磁场位形进行验证。采用基于Hall效应的Tesla计对加工好的磁场线圈产生轴向磁场空间分布进行了测量,同时利用电子束轰击尼龙靶来考察电子束被导引的效果。利用绕制好的磁场线圈开展了初步实验研究,在二极管电压655 kV,电子束流为10.4 kA,导引磁场0.7 T的条件下,输出微波峰值功率约为864 MW,微波波形半高宽为23 ns,功率转换效率约为12.7%,频率1.61 GHz。     

Two-dimensional oscillator in a magnetic field

The energy and eigenstate spectrum of a charged particle in the electric field of a 2D anisotropic oscillator and in a uniform magnetic field is considered. The exact analytic solution to the problem is obtained for an arbitrary magnetic field strength. The characteristic features of variation of the energy spectrum depending on the magnetic field strength are analyzed. The results of this study are of interest for the quantum-mechanical theory of magnetism and can be used to simulate the magnetic properties of atoms and molecules.     

低磁场S波段相对论返波振荡器的工作特性

为了实现高功率微波发生器的小型化,开展了S波段低磁场相对论返波振荡器工作特性的研究工作。由于S波段返波振荡器频率低,对应的电子回旋共振磁场强度也很低,因此低磁场条件下面临着电子束传输效率低和束波互作用效率低两大问题。为解决上述问题,采取下列措施：通过加大电子束与器件内壁的距离,提高电子束传输效率;采用较深的慢波结构作为提取腔,实现高束波互作用阻抗;提取腔前采用浅深度慢波结构,使提取腔区域的电子速度与微波相速同步。粒子模拟证明,以上措施有效,在引导磁场强度仅为0.17 T、电子束电压435 kV、电流6.5 kA的条件下,该返波管获得功率为670 MW、效率约为25%的输出微波。相对于常规S波段相对论返波振荡器的磁场系统(B=0.8 T),适用于该返波管的0.17 T低强度磁场系统螺线管外半径下降了20%,能耗下降了约93.8%。     

Three-dimensional harmonic oscillator in a magnetic field

A solution is found for the Schrödinger equation for a three-dimensional oscillator in a constant and uniform external magnetic field.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 4, pp. 86–89, April, 1971.     

Recuperation in superpower Cherenkov generators with a nonuniform magnetic field

We consider an effective method for increasing the total efficiency of relativistic Cherenkov generators, viz., recuperation. It has been found that, for a generator with an efficiency smaller than 15%, recuperation makes it possible to obtain an increase in the efficiency that exceeds 50% (from 12% to 68%). In generators with initially high efficiency (more than 50%), recuperation may turn out to be ineffective.     

一种Ku波段高效率低磁场同轴相对论返波管

设计了一种工作在Ku波段的低磁场同轴相对论返波管。器件工作在同轴TM01近模式,采用两段式慢波结构构型,在前后段慢波结构中分别主要进行电子束调制与能量提取,以实现高效率工作。通过设计非对称反射腔,引入电子束预调制,进一步加深电子束调制深度,提高了束波互作用效率。通过调节慢波结构中间漂移段长度,进一步优化器件内部场分布,提取段慢波结构处轴向电场强度得到显著增强,器件工作效率可提升至35%。最终,当磁场强度0.6 、二极管电压490 V、二极管电流7.5 A时,获得1.27 GW微波输出,效率约35%,微波频率为14.7 GHz。     

一种Ku波段高效率低磁场同轴相对论返波管北大核心CSCD

设计了一种工作在Ku波段的低磁场同轴相对论返波管。器件工作在同轴TM01近π模式,采用两段式慢波结构构型,在前后段慢波结构中分别主要进行电子束调制与能量提取,以实现高效率工作。通过设计非对称反射腔,引入电子束预调制,进一步加深电子束调制深度,提高了束波互作用效率。通过调节慢波结构中间漂移段长度,进一步优化器件内部场分布,提取段慢波结构处轴向电场强度得到显著增强,器件工作效率可提升至35%。最终,当磁场强度0.6、二极管电压490V、二极管电流7.5A时,获得1.27GW微波输出,效率约35%,微波频率为14.7GHz。     

相对论返波管中击穿现象粒子模拟

随着相对论返波管(RBWO)输出功率的提高,RBWO内部击穿问题日益突出。击穿过程中产生的等离子体,会降低输出功率并导致脉冲缩短,大大限制了RBWO的输出单脉冲能量。采用3维粒子模拟,在反射器、慢波结构、提取腔局部区域产生等离子体,建立了RBWO单点击穿及多点击穿模型,获得了等离子体产生的区域和密度对微波输出性能的影响规律。模拟结果表明,输出微波功率随等离子体密度增加而迅速降低,多点击穿相对于单点击穿情况更容易引起输出微波脉冲提前终止,且发射器击穿产生的等离子体效应更为明显。     

相对论返波管中击穿现象粒子模拟

随着相对论返波管(RBWO)输出功率的提高,RBWO内部击穿问题日益突出。击穿过程中产生的等离子体,会降低输出功率并导致脉冲缩短,大大限制了RBWO的输出单脉冲能量。采用3维粒子模拟,在反射器、慢波结构、提取腔局部区域产生等离子体,建立了RBWO单点击穿及多点击穿模型,获得了等离子体产生的区域和密度对微波输出性能的影响规律。模拟结果表明,输出微波功率随等离子体密度增加而迅速降低,多点击穿相对于单点击穿情况更容易引起输出微波脉冲提前终止,且发射器击穿产生的等离子体效应更为明显。     

On the relativistic classical motion of a radiating spinning particle in a magnetic field

We propose classical equations of motion for a charged particle with magnetic moment, taking radiation reaction into account. This generalizes the Landau–Lifshitz equations for the spinless case. In the special case of spin-polarized motion in a constant magnetic field (synchrotron motion) we verify that the particle does lose energy. Previous proposals did not predict dissipation of energy and also suffered from runaway solutions analogous to those of the Lorentz–Dirac equations of motion.