共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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S. A. Sorokin 《Technical Physics》2011,56(7):957-962
Experimental data for creating an X-ray source several millimeters in size on the basis of a plasmafilled rod-pinch diode are reported. Experiments are carried out on the MIG high-current generator. A voltage pulse applied to the diode is sharpened and shortened by injecting plasma into the interelectrode gap up to the plasma-filled diode. Radiation extraction from the vacuum chamber in the paraxial direction is provided by inverting the positions of the cathode and anode using a post-hole vacuum convolute. It is demonstrated that the energy of a low-impedance high-current generator can be deposited with a high efficiency into an electron beam focused on the 1-mm2 tip of the rod-shaped anode. With a tapered tungsten rod 1.5 mm in diameter used as an anode, a pulsed X-ray source about 1 mm in size generating 30-ns-long pulses is obtained. The absorbed dose per pulse measured with a LiF thermoluminescent dosimeter behind a 5-mm-thick aluminum screen 1 m away from the source reaches 0.042 Gy. 相似文献
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A. V. Agafonov 《Physics of Particles and Nuclei Letters》2006,3(1):S7-S11
The results of experimental investigation and numerical modeling of the generation of low-energy (tens of keV) high-current (up to tens of kA) electron beams in a low-impedance system consisting of a plasma-filled diode with a long plasma anode, an auxiliary hot cathode, and an explosive emission cathode. The low-current low-voltage beam from the auxiliary cathode in an external longitudinal magnetic field is used to produce a long plasma anode, which is simultaneously the channel of beam transportation by residual gas ionization. The high-current electron beam is formed from the explosive emission cathode placed in the preliminarily formed plasma. Numerical modeling is performed using the KARAT PIC code. 相似文献
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Phelps D. A. Rauch J. E. Korn P. 《IEEE transactions on plasma science. IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society》1976,4(4):246-248
Observations of rapid axial oscillations of an intense relativistic electron beam in a magnetic mirror are reported. The mirror field primarily provides radial confinement of the relativistic electrons. The axial confinement was achieved by placing thin aluminized mylar foils at the conjugate mirror field maxima. The region between these foils was filled with a few Torr air to provide a beam induced plasma for charge and current neutralization. The regions outside these foils were maintained at ~10-4 Torr. One foil formed the anode of a space-charge limited relativistic electron diode which launched the beam into the mirror. When the beam passed through the second foil it was no longer charge neutralized. In a manner quite similar to the anode foil oscillations observed by others, a space-charge limited electrostatic well was established which stopped the electrons and re-accelerated them through the foil-thereby reflecting the beam. When the reflected electrons re-entered the diode, they were once again "electrostatically" reflected. This process continued until the oscillating beam was either lost through the "virtual cathodes" outside the foils, dissipated in the drift region or quenched in the diode plasma after gap closure. 相似文献
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为了探索杆箍缩二极管(RPD)在冲击加载下物质低密度区成像应用中的可行性,开展了低电压(≤500 kV)运行条件下RPD箍缩物理特性模拟研究。基于Particle-in-cell(PIC)模拟方法,从二极管加载电压幅值、阴极盘厚度、阴阳电极孔径比等方面开展了二极管模拟,从电子箍缩效率、质子流、电子利用率、电场和磁场分布等角度对箍缩物理过程进行了分析。模拟表明:低电压运行条件下普通结构二极管电流较低,不能为电子提供足够的磁场力从而导致较低的电子箍缩效率;采用组合杆结构,并优化阳极杆到轫致辐射靶区的过渡区设计,是在低电压条件下实现小焦斑、高剂量辐射光源的值得探索的技术途径。 相似文献
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介绍了自行研制的用于闪光照相且基于感应电压叠加器和阳极杆箍缩二极管的X射线源的组成、结构和主要参数。输出电压3 MV的Marx发生器给阻抗7.8 Ω水介质脉冲形成线充电,产生脉宽约70 ns,电压约1 MV的高功率脉冲,经过峰化开关和预脉冲开关后分成3路馈入三级感应电压叠加器感应腔进行电压叠加,感应电压叠加器次级采用真空绝缘传输线,阻抗从40 Ω变成60 Ω,驱动阳极杆箍缩二极管,二极管阴极为石墨,阳极为直径1.2 mm的钨杆,石墨阴极产生的电子束在电流自磁场作用下发生箍缩,轰击阳极,产生小焦斑脉冲X射线。该装置在Marx充电电压为±35 kV时,二极管电压约2.0 MV,二极管电流约为50 kA,半高宽约80 ns;X射线半高宽约为40 ns,剂量约为28 mGy,焦斑约为0.95 mm。利用该X射线源拍摄到了炸药爆炸产生的层裂碎片不同飞行时间的图像。 相似文献
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介绍一种用于计算电子束穿透薄层物质后的能谱分布的简单蒙特卡罗模拟方法,并对具可靠性进行了论证。利用这种方法对相对论性电子束泵浦强激光时,具有一定能谱分布的电子束穿透阳极膜,撑条(HIBACHI)及主膜后的能谱变化进行了模拟计算。 相似文献
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在杆箍缩二极管工作前预先填充一定密度的等离子体,可以改善二极管特性,从而提高二极管出射X射线的剂量率。建立了预充等离子体的杆箍缩二极管的粒子模拟模型,通过收集轰击到阳极上的电子,诊断其轴向分布,可以给出不同时刻的束流箍缩特性。利用"剑光一号"加速器低阻抗状态(1 MV/9Ω/40ns)开展了预充等离子体的杆箍缩二极管实验研究。预充适当密度的等离子体后,二极管阻抗降低到10Ω,X射线辐射剂量从0.76mGy提高到3.19mGy,侧向焦斑从9mm降到4mm。模拟结果和实验基本符合。 相似文献
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E. H. Baksht M. I. Lomaev D. V. Rybka D. A. Sorokin V. F. Tarasenko 《Technical Physics》2008,53(12):1560-1564
The parameters of an electron beam generated in helium in the pressure range p = 10−4−12 atm are studied. Nanosecond high-voltage pulses are applied to a gap between a tubular cathode and planar anode, which
is made of 45-μm-thick AlBe foil. Behind the anode, an electron beam is detected at a helium pressure of 12 atm. The pressure
dependence of the beam current amplitude shows three peaks at p ≈ 0.01, ≈ 0.07, and ≈ 3 atm. The beam-induced glow of a luminescent film placed behind the foil and the discharge glow at
different helium pressures in the gas-filled diode are photographed. 相似文献
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纳秒脉冲放电能在大气压下产生高电子能量、高功率密度的低温等离子体,由于经典放电理论无法很好地解释纳秒脉冲放电中的现象,近年来以高能逃逸电子为基础的纳秒脉冲气体放电理论受到广泛关注.纳秒脉冲放电会产生高能逃逸电子,伴随产生X射线,研究X射线的特性可以间接反映高能逃逸电子的特性.本文利用纳秒脉冲电源在大气压下激励空气放电,通过金刚石光导探测器测量放电产生的X射线,研究不同电极间隙、阳极厚度下和空间不同位置测量的X射线特性.实验结果表明,在大气压下纳秒脉冲放电能产生上升沿约1 ns,脉宽约2 ns的X射线脉冲,其产生时间与纳秒脉冲电压峰值对应,经计算探测到的X射线能量约为2.3×10-3J.当增大电极间隙时,探测到的X射线能量减弱,因为增大电极间隙会减小电场强度和逃逸电子数,从而减少阳极的轫致辐射.电极间距大于50 mm后加速减弱,同时放电模式从弥散过渡到电晕.随着阳极厚度增加,阳极后方和放电腔侧面观察窗测得的X射线能量均有所减弱,在阳极后面探测的X射线能量减弱趋势更加明显,这说明X射线主要产生在阳极内表面,因此增加阳极厚度会使穿透阳极薄膜的X射线能量减少. 相似文献
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The energy and current balances in the diode unit of a high-current pulsed electron accelerator (350–500 keV, 60 ns, 250 J per pulse) are compared for an explosive emission cathode (made of graphite, copper, or carbon felt) and a multipoint (graphite or copper) cathode. The planar diode with the continuous cathode is shown to be more efficient in terms of conversion of the applied energy to electron energy (more than 90%) despite a delay in the plasma surface formation. With the impedance of the planar diode matched to the output resistance of the nanosecond generator, the efficiency of the diode does not depend on the time of plasma formation on the cathode. In the case of the graphite cathode, the plasma formation delay reduces the fraction of slow electrons in the forming electron beam and reduces electron losses in anode foil when the beam is extracted from the vacuum space of the diode chamber into the reactor. 相似文献
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研究了具有一定导电性能的碳纤维的直流场致发射电子束特性,实验分别在大气环境、低真空(10-1 Pa)及高真空(10-5 Pa)环境下进行。实验结果表明,碳纤维具有一定的场致发射能力,并且发射特性和发射环境的真空度密切相关。在大气环境下,发射电子束流与所施加的电压符合Fowler-Nordheim关系,当电压为7 kV,电流为61.4 μA时,根据Fowler-Nordheim定理推算出碳纤维场致发射场增强因子为3.75×105。在低真空条件下阳极只收集到微弱的电流;在高真空条件下,阴极发射明显,在较低电压下就能观测到阳极电流,放电前阳极最高电流是大气条件下的3~4倍,发射的束流大小和所施加在尖端的电压关系接近Child-Langmiur定律。 相似文献
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阳极杆箍缩二极管(RPD)具有小焦斑、高亮度的特点,是闪光X光机领域的研究热点。基于Marx发生器和脉冲形成线技术路线产生1 MV高电压脉冲驱动RPD,开展了不同结构参数二极管实验研究。基于RPD物理过程的数值模型,分析了结构参数对箍缩物理过程的影响。研究表明在1 MV电压下,RPD阴极等离子体平均扩散速度、阳极等离子体平均扩散速度分别为2,0.6 cm/μs时,该模型可以较好地描述实验结果。在阳极杆直径一定的情况下,二极管数值模型表明减小阴极孔径可以使二极管更快进入强箍缩状态,但过小的阴极孔径会导致二极管间隙过早闭合。 相似文献
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Burmasov V.S. Kandaurov I.V. Kruglyakov E.P. Meshkov O.I. 《IEEE transactions on plasma science. IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society》1995,23(6):952-954
In the experiments an relativistic electron beam (REB)-plasma interaction, the foilless injection of REB from a magnetized diode is of special interest due to the low spread angle of the beam and high repetition rate of the shots. In the experiments presented, the problem of diode shortening in the presence of a dense plasma from the interaction chamber has been solved using a special drift pipe as an anode of the foilless diode. The electron beam (Ud~0.7 MeV, t b~100-200 ns) produced by an axially symmetric magnetically insulated diode has been injected into a magnetized hydrogen plasma column with density ranging from 1·1015-3·10 16 cm-3. It has been found that the anode pipe substantially reduces the plasma flow into the diode gap, but does not stop it completely, thus the REB generation in a plasma-filled diode has taken place. In some regimes of the beam generation it becomes possible to increase significantly the injected current and total energy deposition of the beam in comparison with the case of a vacuum magnetized diode of the same geometry. The experiments have shown effective dense plasma heating under the foilless injection 相似文献
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The generation of a 250-μs-wide electron beam in a plasma-emitter diode is studied experimentally. A plasma was produced by a pulsed arc discharge in hydrogen. The electron beam is extracted from a circular emission hole 3.8 mm in diameter under open plasma boundary conditions. The beam accelerated in the diode gap enters into a drift space in the absence of an external magnetic field through a hole 4.1 mm in diameter made in the anode. The influence of electron current deposition at the edge of the anode hole on the beam’s maximum attainable current, above which the diode gap breaks down, is studied for different accelerating voltages and diode gaps. The role of processes occurring on the surface of the electrodes is shown. For an accelerating voltage of 32 kV, a mean emission current density of 130 A/cm2 is achieved. The respective mean strength of the electric field in the acceleration gap is 140 kV/cm. Using the POISSON-2 software package, the numerical simulation of the diode performance is carried out and the shape of steady plasma emission boundaries in the cathode and anode holes is calculated. The influence of the density of the ion current from the anode plasma surface on the maximum attainable current of the electron beam is demonstrated. 相似文献