Theoretical study of changes in pi-electron delocalization in the analogues of an ortho-hydroxy schiff base when the proton is replaced with Li+ or BeH+

Molecular geometries of ortho-hydroxy Schiff base in keto-enamine and enol-imine tautomeric forms, its anion, and their derivatives in which H+ was replaced with Li+ or BeH+ were optimized at the B3LYP/6-311+G level of theory. Isodesmic reactions for estimating delocalization due to H-bonding or cation chelating were calculated. Geometry-based aromaticity index HOMA and magnetism-based NICS1(zz) index were used to estimate pi-electron delocalization. Keto-enamine tautomer exhibits low aromaticity in the ring and a relatively high pi-electron delocalization in the quasi-ring. The reverse was found for enol-imine tautomer. The Li+ and BeH+ derivatives showed a relatively high pi-electron delocalization in the ring and in the quasi-ring. This may be interpreted by an extension of the electron delocalization path in the pi-electron system through low-lying unoccupied p-type orbitals of Li+ and BeH+ cations.     

The aromatic character of magnesium porphyrins

The aromaticity of magnesium porphyrins have been studied by calculating the nuclear magnetic shieldings in selected points outside the molecules. The strength of the induced ring currents for a given magnetic field have been obtained by using the aromatic-ring-current-shielding (ARCS) method. Nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) calculations provide additional information about the current routes in the multiple-ring systems. The total aromatic pathway of magnesium porphyrins must be considered as a superposition of several (4n + 2) pi-electron Huckel pathways. We found that all beta-unsaturated pyrrolic rings have local ring currents the strength of which is 70-90% of the current strength for the pyrrole molecule. The present study also shows that the 18pi-[16]annulene aromatic pathway does not exist in magnesium porphyrins until all four pyrrolic units are saturated in the beta-position.     

Direct observation of the substitution effects on the hydrogen bridge dynamics in selected Schiff bases--a comparative molecular dynamics study

We have studied substituent effects on the properties of the intramolecular hydrogen bond of some ortho-hydroxy Schiff bases using density functional theory (DFT) based first-principle molecular dynamics (FPMD) and path integral molecular dynamics. The studied compounds possess a strong intramolecular hydrogen bond (r((O???N)) ≤ 2.6 A?), which can be tuned by substitution to either (i) enhance the basicity of the acceptor moiety by induction effects or (ii) decrease the hydrogen bond length through steric repulsion. DFT calculations and FPMD were employed to investigate structural and dynamical properties of the selected molecules, while quantum effects on the structural properties were assessed using path integral FPMD. The simulations were performed in vacuo and in the solid state to study the influence of the environment on the hydrogen bond and spectroscopic properties. We give computational support to the suggestion that induction effects are less effective to tune the intramolecular hydrogen bond properties of the discussed ortho-hydroxy Schiff bases than the steric or the environmental effects.     

A density functional theory study of bridging and terminal oxotitanium(IV) oligomeric and polymeric linear titanoxanes

 This work deals with theoretical investigations on the oxygen–transition metal bond in systems containing linear chains of Ti–O units. From an experimental point of view, in the recent past a number of systems containing linearly arranged Ti–O units were synthesized, in which the Ti atom is complexed with Schiff bases such as acacen and salen. The theoretical study presented here has been carried out applying the density functional theory to model compounds of these systems, in order to shed light on the interactions between the transition metal and oxygen. Calculations have been performed on Ti–O oligomers (dimers, trimers and tetramers) by means of density functional theory at the gradient-corrected level of theory, optimizing the molecular geometries. Calculations have also been performed on linear polymers of the same systems, applying periodic boundary conditions, in order to compare the results with those of oligomeric analogues. Received: 12 January 2002 / Accepted: 16 April 2002 / Published online: 5 July 2002     

无长链席夫碱衍生物单分子膜和LB膜

在银离子的诱导下,两种含有苯并咪唑、没有长链取代基的席夫碱衍生物可以形成稳定的单分子膜,此单子分子膜可以用水平拉膜法转移到固体表面形成ＬＢ膜、ＬＢ膜的紫外吸收光谱和光电子能谱研究表明,Ａｇ（Ⅰ）离子被络合进行了单分子膜中。     

邻香兰素氨基酸Schiff碱化合物的合成及构象研究

Schiff碱是指含有亚甲氨基－PC＝N－的化合物,这类化合物因Schiff于1864年首先发现而得名。一些Schiff碱及其过渡金属配合物对肿瘤和病菌有一定的抑制作用^[1-3]。1970年,Hodnett^[4,5]制得几种Schiff碱,实验发现它们对老鼠肌肉内的Walker206瘤有抑制生长的作用,它们和某些金属形成的螯合物效果更好。Schiff碱配体可以作为螯合剂、生物活性剂、分析试剂和催化剂等,在科学研究和化工生产中有着广泛应用^[6,7]。本文报道一类新型的Schiff碱－邻香兰素氨基酸化合物的合成和构象研究,采用分子动力学模拟退火搜索方法对4人邻香兰素Schiff碱化合物的不同构型分子进行了构象研究,在搜索出的系列低能构象中分别找出全局最低能量构象,以此为初始构象进行了PM3量子化学计算。4个化合物的分子骨架结构如图1所示。     

Kinetic Study of the Hydrolysis of Schiff Bases Derived from 2-Aminothiophenol

The kinetics of the hydrolysis of Schiff bases derived from 2-aminothiophenol have been studied in aqueous sodium hydroxide media containing 40?% (v/v) methanol in the temperature range 22?C45?°C. The Schiff base molecular structure-hydrolysis reactivity relationship has been investigated and discussed. Suitable reaction mechanisms have been suggested. From the effect of temperature on the rate constant, various activation parameters have been evaluated. The work has been extended to study the hydrolysis mechanism in buffer solutions of pH?=?2?C13 at 22?°C for Schiff base I (H). A rate profile diagram of pH-rate constant has been proposed.     

First Example of Schiff Bases Containing Poly(Acryl Amid) in the Synthesis and Characterization

A novel polymeric‐Schiff base derived from the condensation reaction poly(acryl amid) and indole‐3‐carboxaldehyde has been synthesized and their Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes have been prepared. Mol ratio of acrylamid group and Schiff bases group was estimated by means of height of ‐CH multiple peaks and –CH=N‐ peak in ¹H‐NMR spectrum. The studied substances were characterized by molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility, electronic and IR spectral studies. In addition, main units have been suggested with elemental analysis for these substances, and than the weight average molecular weight (M_w) has been suggested. The number average molecular weight (M_n) was determined with a vapor pressure osmometer. Polydispersity index (PDI) found to be ca 1.7 from M_w/M_n for poly‐Schiff bases and their Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes. PAA‐Schiff bases were found to have the highest thermal stablility compared to that of the Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes. The conductivities of the PAA‐Schiff bases and their complexes were measured by the four‐probe technique and were found in the range 10^?5?10^?6 S cm^?1.     

Chemistry and applications of organotin(IV) complexes of Schiff bases

Schiff bases are the most widely used versatile ligands, able to coordinate many elements and to stabilize them in various oxidation states. Recently, this class of compounds has been employed as models for biological systems, and in control of stereochemistry in six-coordinate transition metal complexes. Recently, the chemistry of organotin(IV) complexes of Schiff bases has also stemmed from their antitumour, antimicrobial, antinematicidal, anti-insecticidal and anti-inflammatory activities. Furthermore, organotin(IV) complexes of Schiff bases present a wide variety of interesting structural possibilities. Both aliphatic and aromatic Schiff bases in their neutral and deprotonated forms have been used to yield adducts and chelates with variable stoichiometry and different modes of coordination. This critical review (>155 references) focuses upon the chemistry and biological applications of organotin(IV) complexes of Schiff bases reported in the past 15 years. Thermal behavior of these complexes is also discussed.     

Supramolecular assemblies and molecular recognition of amphiphilic schiff bases with barbituric acid in organized molecular films

A bolaform Schiff base, N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-1,10-decanediamine (BSC10), has been synthesized and its interfacial hydrogen bond formation or molecular recognition with barbituric acid was investigated in comparison with that of a single chain Schiff base, 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde-octadecylamine (HBOA). It has been found that while HBOA formed a monolayer at the air/water interface, the bolaform Schiff base formed a multilayer film with ordered layer structure on water surface. When the Schiff bases were spread on the subphase containing barbituric acid, both of the Schiff bases could form hydrogen bonds with barbituric acid in situ in the spreading films. As a result, an increase of the molecular areas in the isotherms was observed. The in situ H-bonded films could be transferred onto solid substrates, and the transferred multilayer films were characterized by various methods such as UV-vis and FT-IR spectrosopies. Spectral changes were observed for the films deposited from the barbituric acid subphase, which supported the hydrogen bond formation between the Schiff bases and barbituric acid. By measuring the MS-TOF of the deposited films dissolved in CHCl3 solution, it was concluded that a 2:1 complex of HBOA with barbituric acid and a 1:2 complex of BSC10 with barbituric acid were formed. On the other hand, when the multilayer films of both Schiff bases were immersed in an aqueous solution of barbituric acid, a similar molecular recognition through the hydrogen bond occurred. A clear conformational change of the alkyl spacer in the bolaform Schiff base was observed during the complex formation with the barbituric acid.     

Different Schiff Bases—Structure,Importance and Classification

Schiff bases are a vast group of compounds characterized by the presence of a double bond linking carbon and nitrogen atoms, the versatility of which is generated in the many ways to combine a variety of alkyl or aryl substituents. Compounds of this type are both found in nature and synthesized in the laboratory. For years, Schiff bases have been greatly inspiring to many chemists and biochemists. In this article, we attempt to present a new take on this group of compounds, underlining of the importance of various types of Schiff bases. Among the different types of compounds that can be classified as Schiff bases, we chose hydrazides, dihydrazides, hydrazones and mixed derivatives such as hydrazide–hydrazones. For these compounds, we presented the elements of their structure that allow them to be classified as Schiff bases. While hydrazones are typical examples of Schiff bases, including hydrazides among them may be surprising for some. In their case, this is possible due to the amide-iminol tautomerism. The carbon–nitrogen double bond present in the iminol tautomer is a typical element found in Schiff bases. In addition to the characteristics of the structure of these selected derivatives, and sometimes their classification, we presented selected literature items which, in our opinion, represent their importance in various fields well.     

Binding studies between tetrathiafulvalene derivatives and cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene)

The complexation between a number of different pi-electron donating TTF derivatives and the pi-electron accepting tetracationic cyclophane cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) (CBPQT(4+)) has been studied by (1)H NMR and UV-vis spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that the strength of association between the donors (TTF derivatives) and acceptor (CBPQT(4+)) is strongly dependent on the pi-electron donating properties (measured by the first redox potential ) of the TTF derivatives. However, the first redox potential () is not the only factor of importance. The extended pi-surface of the TTF derivatives also exerts a stabilizing influence upon complexation. The kinetics for the complexation-decomplexation were studied using (1)H NMR spectroscopy and are related to the bulkiness of the TTF derivatives. These effects may serve to improve the design of interlocked molecular systems, especially (bistable) molecular switches, in which CBPQT(4+) and a derivatized TTF unit are incorporated.     

Coordination chemistry of palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes with bioactive Schiff bases: Synthetic,spectral, and biocidal aspects

The Schiff bases, 5-nitro-indol-2,3-dionehydrazinecarboxamide (HSCZ¹) and 7-nitro-indol-2,3- dionehydrazinecarboxamide (HSCZ²), have been synthesized by the condensation of 5-nitro-indol-2,3-dione and 7-nitro-1H-indol-2,3-dione with semicarbazide hydrochloride, respectively. The palladium(II) and platinum( II) complexes have been prepared by mixing palladium chloride and platinum chloride in 1: 2 molar ratios with monobasic bidentate Schiff bases. The ligands and complexes of palladium and platinum have been characterized by elemental analyses, melting point determinations, conductance measurements, molecular weight determinations, and IR, ¹H NMR, and UV spectral studies. These studies showed that the ligands coordinate to the metal atoms in a monobasic bidentate mode, coordinating through oxygen and nitrogen donor systems. Thus, a tetracoordinated environment around the metal atom has been proposed. Both the ligands and their complexes have been screened for their biological activity on several pathogenic fungi and bacteria and were found to possess appreciable fungicidal and bactericidal properties. Plant growth regulating activity of one of the ligands and its complexes has also been recorded on gram plant, and results have been discussed. The article is published in the original.     

SchiffBase Dinuclear Complex Catalyst for Oxidation of Cyclohexene with Molecular Oxygen

In the past decades, the oxidation of hydrocarbons by transition metal complexes has been studied extensively. The current progress of the research on synthetic quasiporphyrin catalysts has led to the development of several systems that are able to reproduce the hene-enzyme mediated oxygenation and oxidation reactions[1]. In our group[2,51, the mononuclear complexes of amino acid Schiff base have been synthesized and their catalytic oxidation has been studied. In this paper, two dinuclear complexes, such as Salicylidence-β-alanine-Co(II)-Cu(II) and Salicylidence-β-alanine-Co(II)Mn(II), were prepared with amino acid Schiff bases and metal ions. In the presence of these dinuclear complexes, cyclohexene was effectively oxidized under 1 atm of molecular oxygen without any coreductants. The allylic hydroperoxide was obtained as an important product, which suggested a clear allylic pathway of oxidation of cyclohexene.     

SPECTROSCOPY OF POLYENES–III. ABSORPTION AND EMISSION SPECTRAL INVESTIGATION OF POLYENE SCHIFF BASES AND PROTONATED SCHIFF BASES RELATED TO VISUAL PIGMENTS

Abstract— A number of n -butylamine Schiff bases of polyenals related to retinals as homologues and analogues, and their protonated forms, have been studied for absorption and emission spectral properties. The polyene Schiff bases exhibit the same general features in their absorption spectra as those of the parallel polyenals except that the ^lB_u←¹A_g and π*← n singlet transitions are at substantially higher energy in the Schiff bases (the shift being larger for the π *← n transition). The Schiff bases with short polyene chainlength ( n = 2, 3 where n is the number of double bonds including C=N) do not fluoresce or phosphoresce in 3-methylpentane in the temperature range 298–77 K. The Schiff bases with intermediate chainlength ( n = 4, 5) show fluorescence at 77 K with intensity strongly dependent on the nature of solvent. The Schiff bases with relatively long chainlength ( n = 5–7) show strong or moderately strong fluorescence at 77 K and very weak fluorescence at 298 K ( n = 7) with intrinsic radiative lifetimes much longer than those estimated from the oscillator strength of the low-energy, strong absorption band (¹B_u←¹ A_g ). A discussion on the possible state order and nature of the fluorescing state of the various polyene Schiff base systems is presented.     

Novel "Potentially antiaromatic", acidichromic quinonediimines with tunable delocalization of their 6 pi-electron subunits

We present a novel family of "potentially antiaromatic" alkyl-substituted p-benzoquinonediimine pH-dependent chromophores. It appears from the structural data that these overall 12 pi-electron molecules should be better considered as constituted by two chemically connected but electronically not conjugated 6 pi-electron subunits. Molecule 5 appears to be the first example of two separated, conjugated, and localized 6 pi-electron systems that can be tuned by reversible protonation to become delocalized. The mono- and diprotonated derivatives have been characterized by spectroscopic methods and X-ray diffraction. These systems develop supramolecular interactions in the solid state that clearly reflect the degree of protonation and depend on the nature of the counterion. These compounds constitute new chromophores for which the color can be tuned depending on the degree of protonation, going in solution from yellow for 5 to red for 5.HCl and blue for 5.2HCl. Theoretical calculations have provided a deeper insight into the electronic structure of these molecules and allowed an assignment of the experimental UV-vis spectra. The visible and near-UV spectrum of the neutral and protonated benzoquinonediimines can be classically assigned from the coupling of two 6 pi-electron polymethine units. TD-DFT calculations confirm the observed red shift of the two lowest pi --> pi* transitions of the benzoquinonediimines upon protonation and relate it to the moderate energy lowering of the HOMO --> LUMO transition induced by the delocalization of the polymethine pi system.     

Chiral recognition of Schiff bases by 15N NMR spectroscopy in the presence of a dirhodium complex. Deuterium isotope effect on 15N chemical shift of the optically active Schiff bases and their dirhodium tetracarboxylate adducts

Optically active Schiff bases, derivatives of ortho-hydroxyaldehydes and their adducts with dirhodium tetracarboxylate complexes have been studied by (15)N NMR spectroscopy. The position of the equilibrium of Schiff bases, as well as their adducts, has been established on the basis of measurements of deuterium isotope effects on (15)N chemical shifts. At the equilibrium state, the formation of the adducts with dirhodium complexes shifted the proton-transfer equilibrium towards the NH-form.     

席夫碱及其金属配合物的合成及生物活性研究进展

席夫碱及其金属配合物具有独特的抗菌、抗肿瘤和抗氧化等生物活性.为筛选高效低毒的药物,人们合成了大量不同类型的席夫碱及其金属配合物并对其生物活性进行了研究.本文综述了近年来席夫碱及其金属配合物的合成,以及在抗菌、抗氧化、抗肿瘤等方面生物活性的研究进展,并为进一步研究其在医药领域的应用提供了信息支持.     

PICOSECOND AND NANOSECOND TSOMERIZATION KINETICS OF PROTONATED 11-CIS RETINYLIDENE SCHIFF BASES

Abstract— Picosecond and nonosecond spectroscopy has been used to study the isomerization mechanism of protonated 11- cis retinylidene Schiff bases. The formation and bleaching of absorption bands within 10 ps and corresponding decay and recovery within 11 ns indicate that the isomerization mechanism of the protonated Schiff bases is not identical to rhodopsin in which the primary photophysical event is probably due to electron transfer or partial isomerization of the chromophore to a nonplanar conformation.     

A study on the reductive fission of β-aromatic imino ethers

Reduction of ethers containing various imino systems with sodium in boiling ethanol was shown to give different results, thus, β-aryl substituted imino ethers can be reduced and cleaved, while β-aliphatic imino ethers are not susceptible to sodium-alcohol reductive fission. In the synthesis of β-imino ethers it has been found that molecular sieve is a good condensation catalyst for the formation of highly hindered Schiff bases.