THE DETERMINATION OF BUCKLING POINT AND CRITICAL LOAD OF COMPRESSIVE MEMBER

为了分析压杆失稳的临界力与失稳后杆件屈服形态的关系,在理论推导和试验研究的基础上,提出了通过捕捉细长压杆失稳时的失稳点来确定压杆临界力的分析方法,通过测量细长压杆失稳时微弯状态下杆端的纵向位移,求得临界压力的大小. 文中将该方法的实验结果与直接用欧拉公式计算的临界压力进行了比较,结果表明,考虑细长压杆微弯状态时杆端的纵向位移所得到的失稳的临界压力值大于利用欧拉公式计算的临界压力值.     

均匀压缩变形对等截面压杆临界力的影响

在导出等截面理想压杆的临界力时,对压杆开始失稳发生微弯以前的均匀压缩变形,一般都略去不计,亦即认为压杆的长度不变。今以两端铰支等截面压杆为例,说明压杆的均匀压缩变形对临界力的影响是可以略去不计的。以压杆轴线为x轴。选用坐标系如图1所示。弯矩的正、负号规定与材料力学相同。压杆开始失稳时,在x-y平面内发生微弯,l_x=l_(min)。     

端部切向载荷作用下的压杆失稳分析及其应用

细直杆件在压应力作用下会产生横向屈曲即失稳．直杆撞击刚性平面或拉断卸载后将形成压缩波，因承载压缩载荷的长度增加可以引起失稳．冲击速度转换的压应力沿着杆件切线方向，该处弯矩和剪力为零；而众多文献设定的失稳段固支边界条件并不准确．基于精确的杆件变形曲率方程得到端部载荷指向杆件中固定点时的受压失稳条件，得到其极限状态即载荷沿杆端切向作用时失稳长度相当于两端简支的1.5 倍．对于钢丝绳拉断形成的冲击失稳，载荷恒定而长度增加，可以产生高阶屈曲即在侧向出现多次曲折，并基于尼龙-橡胶带的模拟试验给出了定性说明．     

工程中两个杆柱稳定性问题分析

分析了考虑自重的压杆和具有内压的圆筒压杆的稳定性问题，确定了两种压杆的临界压力计算公式，并分别计算分析了自重和筒中内压对临界压力的影响。     

轴向可压缩压杆的压缩失稳实验研究

用受压变形明显的聚胺脂胶棒进行了两端铰支的压缩失稳试验。为减少铰支处的摩擦力,在胶棒的两端铰支处安装了直线轴承。试验中观察到了Euler压杆理论所不包括的一些失稳现象,如：仍然在线弹性变形范围内的压杆,没有像Euler压杆理论预测的那样发生屈曲;在较高的临界载荷作用下,柔度较小的压杆发生了亚临界屈曲,所产生的弯矩是突然失稳弯曲的杆件不能承受的,于是杆件突然卸载。另外,大柔度压杆的超临界屈曲,即类似Euler压杆的屈曲现象也被观察到了。这些实验结果与轴向可压缩压杆失稳理论所预测的相符。     

关于细长压杆稳定问题的注记

关于细长压杆稳定问题的注记陈家骏（常州建筑职工大学常州２１３０１５）细长压杆失稳时挠度无法确定的原因，现有文献都解释为在推导挠度方程的过程中使用的是近似微分方程，即用二阶导数代替了弹性曲线的曲率，使方程线性化的缘故，但所得到的临界压力计算公式却与精确...     

细长压杆二阶屈曲临界态的数值模拟

竹子轻盈坚韧的特性源自于竹子特殊的天然构造。根据对竹子构造观察所获得的启示,认识到细长压杆二阶屈曲的物理存在性,并通过数值模拟技术加以验证。针对细长压杆潜在的屈曲多向性,设计了一种含有双向引导槽的细长压杆,当杆件受到轴向压力时可以沿着二阶屈曲方向自动产生微曲,继而对细长压杆的二阶屈曲临界态进行探讨和数值模拟,从而进一步从物理角度揭示了细长压杆二阶屈曲临界态的潜在性。计算机数值模拟结果表明:两端铰支二阶屈曲态细长压杆的临界力为一阶屈曲态临界力的3.24倍;经过特殊设计的智能压杆可以自动向着压杆二阶曲线形态屈曲,从而大幅提了高细长压杆的临界压力。关注和挖掘细长压杆高阶屈曲的潜能对某些需使用昂贵材料制作压杆的特殊领域而言,可以大大降低工程成本,并具有着很好的启示意义。     

细长柔韧压杆弹性失稳后挠曲线形状的计算机仿真

采用Maple编程对细长柔韧压杆弹性失稳后挠曲线形状进行了计算机仿真,进行了细长柔韧压杆弹性失稳后最大挠度和挠曲线封闭两种情况下的挠曲线形状仿真和详细的解答.分析计算了失稳后屈曲的力学特征,给出了解析表达式;分析计算了失稳后屈曲的平衡状态曲线的几何特征,绘出了计算机仿真曲线.结果表明:失稳后最大挠度和挠曲线封闭是属于两个完全不同的屈曲状态.     

测量压杆临界压力的理论与实验

从细长压杆临界压力的定义出发，分析了实验测定压杆临界压力的困难，阐述了用振动方法测量细长压杆临界压力的理论，介绍了在轴向拉力和压力状态下用振动方法测量压杆临界压力的实验，并与材料力学中通常的压杆稳定实验------测量压溃载荷的实验进行了比较,得出结论：用振动方法可以比较准确地测得细长压杆的临界压力.     

弹性压应力波下直杆动力失稳的机理和判据

基于应力波理论和失稳瞬间能量的转换和守恒,导出了一个直杆动力分岔失稳的准则:(1)直杆在发生分岔失稳的瞬间所释放出的压缩变形能等于屈曲所需变形能与屈曲动能之和;(2)在上述能量转换过程中,能量对时间的变化率服从守恒定律.应用临界条件(1)推导出的直杆动力失稳的控制方程和杆端边界条件以及连续条件,与应用哈密顿原理推导的结果完全相同,但不足以构成求解直杆动力失稳问题的完备定解条件.应用临界条件(2)导出压缩波前的附加约束方程.由此得出该问题的完备定解条件,导出包含两个特征参数的一对特征方程.从而建立了求解直杆动力失稳模态和两个特征参数(临界力参数和失稳惯性项指数参数即动力特征参数)的较严密理论方法.     

井筒内受压杆管后屈曲能量法分析与实验研究

目前不少理论力学教材都涉及刚体平面运动动力学方程的教学内容,但有些教材在叙述上有许多值得商榷之处.对这一重要的基本概念,本文提出作者的思考,供理论力学教学的教师与学过此内容的学生讨论.     

POST-BUCKLING BEHAVIOR OF A DOUBLE-HINGED ROD UNDER SELF-WEIGHT

Post-buckling phenomena of slender rods have attracted great attention for both theoretical and engineering aspects. In this study, we explored the post-buckling behavior of a slender rod with two hinged ends under its self-weight. We first established the potential energy functional of the system, and then derived the governing differential equations according to the principle of least potential energy. We further addressed the physical meaning of the Lagrange multiplier by analyzing the force equilibrium. A computer code of shooting method was developed by using the commercial software MathCAD, which has proved efficient in computing the post-buckling configurations of the rod. We finally discussed the buckling of an oil sucker rod adopting our numerical results, which will be beneficial to the engineering design.     

Transverse-longitudinal bending of rheonomic rods

In [1, 2], an energy method for the determination of critical buckling times is developed for rods subjected to compression in the conditions of longitudinal bending. In this case, for given compressive loads, the bending moments in the rod cross-sections depend only on the current deflection of the rod axis. In contrast to longitudinal bending, in the case of transverse-longitudinal bending the bending moment in general depends not only on the deflection but also on the axial coordinate and the reaction forces in the supports. Depending on the rod fixing conditions, the problems of transverse-longitudinal bending can be categorized as statically determinate or statically indeterminate. In the latter case, the derivation of equilibrium conditions for a rod segment is complicated by the indefiniteness of the reactions in the rod buckling process. In the current paper, the energy method developed in [1, 2] is extended to a class of statically indeterminate transverse-longitudinal bending problems. To determine the redundant variables, it is proposed to use the principle of minimum of additional dissipation.     

On the rotating rod with variable cross section

Summary Stability of a heavy rotating rod with a variable cross section is studied by energy method. Bifurcation points for the system of equilibrium equations are analyzed. It is shown that for the case when the rotation speed exceeds the critical one, the trivial solution ceases to be the minimizer of the potential energy, so that rod loses stability, according to the energy criteria. Also, a new estimate of the maximal rod deflection in the post-critical state is obtained. Accepted for publication 11 November 1996     

Analysis of bending and buckling of pre-twisted beams: A bioinspired study

Twisting chirality is widely observed in artificial and natural materials and structures at different length scales. In this paper, we theoretically investigate the effect of twisting chiral morphology on the mechanical properties of elas- tic beams by using the Timoshenko beam model. Particular attention is paid to the transverse bending and axial buckling of a pre-twisted rectangular beam. The analytical solution is first derived for the deflection of a clamped-free beam under a uniformly or periodically distributed transverse force. The critical buckling condition of the beam subjected to its self- weight and an axial compressive force is further solved. The results show that the twisting morphology can significantly improve the resistance of beams to both transverse bending and axial buckling. This study helps understand some phenomena associated with twisting chirality in nature and provides inspirations for the design of novel devices and structures.     

薄宽带材局部纵向屈曲的辛弹性力学求解方法

局部纵向屈曲是普遍存在于薄宽带材生产过程的板形缺陷,是屈曲研究的难点,精确的解析求解方法对局部纵向屈曲形成机理的研究和板形质量的提高具有重要意义。本文将任意位置的局部纵向屈曲分为带材边部和内部两类,采用辛弹性力学方法直接推导得到了局部纵向屈曲区域承受不同边界约束条件时的临界屈曲应力和屈曲挠度函数,并将求解结果与有限元和相关文献结果进行了对比。结果表明：辛弹性力学方法与有限元方法相比具有相同计算精度和更高的计算效率,计算精度高于传统能量法;带材边界的约束条件对临界屈曲应力、屈曲区域几何形状和屈曲挠度函数均存在显著影响,验证了传统能量法求解的不足,有利于提高局部屈曲计算精度。     

Tensile and compressive buckling of plates weakened by cracks

Plates are susceptible to buckling under compression when the thickness dimension becomes sufficiently small. Such mode of structure failure can prevail even if the plates were extended in tension. Wribkling of stretched thin sheets is a commonly observed phenomenon that leads to complex deflection patterns, particularly in regions close to crack-like imperfections. Predictions of the buckled displacement modes for plates weakened by cracks will be made on the basis of a theory formulated by application of variational calculus. Finite element method is used such that defects of other shapes can also be analyzed. Various buckled displacement modes of a center-cracked plate are determined and displayed graphically. The critical buckling loads are found to decrease with increasing crack size. Moreover, local wrinkling of the plate surface becomes less pronounced for the higher buckling modes. The method of solution applies equally well to plates that are initially curved.     

On the rotating rod with shear and extensibility

Stability of a heavy rotating rod is studied by energy method. The generalized constitutive equations are used so that both extensibility of the rod axis and the influence of the shear stresses are taken into account. It is shown that the total potential energy of the rod is not a minimum when the angular velocity posseses a value higher than the critical value determined from the linearized equilibrium equations. An estimate of the maximal deflection in the post-critical state is also obtained. Received: November 8, 1996     

A simplified analysis on buckling of stressed and pressurized thin films on substrates

This paper is concerned with effect of mismatched pressure on buckling of stressed thin films on a semi-infinite rigid substrate. Analytical approximate solutions are established in explicit form by using total potential energy of the system and the Rayleigh–Ritz’s method, and their stabilities have also been determined. The dependences of the critical stress and film-center deflection on the mismatched pressure have been formulated. Results are compared with exact or numerical shooting solutions, and excellent agreements are observed for a large range of film-center deflection. These expressions are brief and can easily be used to derive the effects of various parameters on mechanical behavior of films.     

Influence of the connecting condition on the dynamic buckling of longitudinal impact for an elastic rod

The stress wave propagation law and dynamic buckling critical velocity are formulated and solved by considering a general axial connecting boundary for a slender elastic straight rod impacted by a rigid body. The influence of connecting stiffness on the critical velocity is investigated with varied impactor mass and buckling time. The influences of rod length and rod mass on the critical velocity are also discussed. It is found that greater connecting stiffness leads to larger stress amplitude, and further results in lower critical velocity. It is particularly noteworthy that when the connecting stiffness is less than a certain value,dynamic buckling only occurs before stress wave reflects off the connecting end. It is also shown that longer rod with larger slenderness ratio is easier to buckle, and the critical velocity for a larger-mass rod is higher than that for a lighter rod with the same geometry.