Quadrupole mass spectrometric study of positive ions from RF plasmas of pure CH4, CH4/H2, and CH4/Ar systems

Quadrupole mass spectrometry has been employed to characterize the ionic species in the discharges of pure CH₄, CH₄/H₂, and CH₄/Ar systems. For pure methane, the major positive ions in the discharge at low pressure (e.g., 0.15 torr) are CH ₃ ⁺ , C₂H ₃ ⁺ , CH ₂ ⁺ , C₂H ₂ ⁺ , CH ₄ ⁺ , C₂H ₄ ⁺ , and C₂H ₅ ⁺ at high pressure (e.g., 0.5 torr) the major ions are CH ₃ ⁺ , C₂H ₃ ⁺ , C₂H ₅ ⁺ , C₃H ₃ ⁺ , C H₃H ₇ ⁺ , C₄H ₇ ⁺ , C₅H ₇ ⁺ , C₆H ₅ ⁺ , and C₇H ₇ ⁺ . The relative abundances of C₁ ions decrease with increasing pressure, whereas those of higher-order ions increase with pressure. For 5% CH₄ + 95% H₂ mixture, in addition to those sampling from the pure methane plasma at the lower pressure, H _n ⁺ ions have also been detected. For 5% CH₄ +95% Ar mixture, the principal ions are CH ₃ ⁺ , CH ₂ ⁺ , CH⁺, CH ₅ ⁺ , Ar⁺, and ArH⁺; the ions containing more than two carbon atoms are negligible. In these discharges, the CH ₃ ⁺ and C₂H ₃ ⁺ are the most important positive ions in C₁ and C₂ ions, respectively. The ions detected are believed to come from the sheath between the electrode and the luminous plasma, and have high kinetic energy. An ion-molecule reaction mechanism is proposed which can well explain the observed main features of ionic products.Died June 1, 1991.     

Molecular dynamics simulation of brushes formed by star polyelectrolytes under theta solvent conditions

Using molecular dynamics simulations, we have studied polyelectrolyte brushes formed by partially or fully charged star polymers tethered on a planar surface under theta solvent conditions. The diagram of states for salt‐free solutions differs in the location of osmotic regime (OB) compared with the respective diagram reported by Borisov and Zhulina. In contrast, simulation results dictate that the OB regime appears for values of the ratio F /α ^?1/2 l_B ^?1 much larger than unity, which is the threshold of counterion localization, with F denoting the branch functionality, α the charged units fraction and l_B the Bjerrum length. The simulation results support that the brush height scaling laws H ～ α ² l_B F ^1.049S ³s ^?1 and H ～ α^0.302 F ^0.23S for the charged Pincus Brush (PB) and osmotic (OB) regimes, respectively, where S is the spacer length and s is the grafted area per star chain. The respective theoretical scaling laws are H ～ α ² l_B F ^1.88S ³s ^?1 and H ～ α ^1/2 F ^0.44S . © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017 , 55 , 1110–1117     

Diffusion of point defects participating in solid-phase chemical reactions (trap diffusion): Demonstration for the Ti3+ → Ti4+ transition in corundum

A problem of trap diffusion, that is diffusion of point defects in crystals participating in a solid-phase chemical reaction with motionless impurity ions, is solved. Time dependences of the reaction-front displacement, X_f, and its steepness, $\text{(}\text{?C}\text{?X}\text{)}{}_{\mathrm{f}}$ are determined analytically for N₀ ? C₀ and numerically for all relations of N₀ and C₀$\text{x}{}_{\mathrm{f}}{}^2\text{=2}\text{N}{}_0\text{C}{}_0\text{Dt; (}\text{ac}\text{ax}\text{)}{}_{\mathrm{f}}\text{=0.3C}{}_0{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{(}\text{g}\text{D}\text{)}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2></mtext>}}$where C₀ and N₀ are the initial concentration of impurity and the eqilibrium defect concentration, respectively, D is a diffusion coefficient, and g is a chemical reaction constant. Dependence of X_f vs C₀ and t is confirmed for oxygen annealing of corundum crystals doped with titanium which, reacting with the point defects, changes its valency. The data are obtained for dependence of displacement X_f upon partial oxygen pressure and thermotreatment temperature as well as upon the sign of the constant electric field applied to the sample. From these data we conclude that the reaction of titanium impurity, changing from the three-valent to the tetravalent state at the activation energy of 80 ± 8.5 kcal/mole is due to anisotropic diffusion of charged aluminum vacancy and holes in the valence band. The diffusion coefficient for that process at 1500°C is estimated to be larger than 10^?5 cm²/sec. Using the trap-diffusion features, the concentration of optical centers of the 0.315-μm absorption band in ruby is also estimated.     

Studies of layered uranium (VI) compounds. VI. Ionic conductivities and thermal stabilities of MUO2PO4 · nH2O,where M = H,Li,Na,K,NH4 or 12Ca, and where n is between 0 and 4

We have measured the ionic conductivities of pressed pellets of the layered compounds MUO₂PO₄ · nH₂O, and correlated the results with TGA data. The conductivities (in ohm^?1 m^?1), at temperatures increasing with decreasing water content over the range 20 to 200°C, were approximately as follows: Li⁺4H₂O, 10^?4; Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, and NH₄⁺3H₂O, 10^?4, 10^?2, 10^?4, and 10^?4; H⁺, Li⁺, and Na⁺1.5H₂O, 10^?2, 10^?4, and 10^?4; Na⁺1H₂O, 10^?5; H⁺, K⁺, and NH₄⁺0.5H₂O, all 10^?5; and H⁺, Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, NH⁺₄, and $\text{1}\text{2}\text{Ca}{}^{\mathrm{2+}}\text{}\text{OH}{}_2\text{O}$, 10^?5, 10^?5, 10^?4, 10^?5, 10^?5, and 10^?6. A ring mechanism is proposed to account for the high conductivity found in NaUO₂PO₄ · 3.1H₂O. The accurate TGA data showed that most of the hydrates had water vacancies of the Schottky type, and should be represented as MUO₂PO₄(A ? x)H₂O, where x can be between 0 and 0.3.     

Far infrared spectra of hexachalcogenohypodiphosphates

The far infrared (fir) reflection spectra of the hexachalcogenohypodiphosphates M₂P₂X₆ (M = Mg, Cd, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Pb, Sn; X = S, Se) have been studied. $\text{TO}\text{LO}$ splittings are determined from Kramers-Kronig analyses, the splitting is large for the lattice vibration modes of ferroelectric Sn₂P₂S₆ but very small for Ni₂P₂S₆. Measurements with polarized light permit an assignment of the A_2u and E_u modes of the ethane like P₂S₆ units in Mn₂P₂S₆. Factor group analyses were performed for all hitherto described hexachalcogenohypodiphosphates. The fir absorption spectra of the less symmetric compounds Hg₂P₂S₆, Hg₂P₂Se₆, Ca₂P₂S₆, TiP₂S₆, $\text{In}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>4</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}\text{P}{}_2\text{S}{}_6\text{, In}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>4</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}\text{P}{}_2\text{Se}{}_6$, and CuCrP₂S₆ are given.     

The photolysis of platinacycloalkanes in solution

The photolysis of [I₂$\text{PtCH}{}_2\text{CH}{}_2\text{CH}{}_2\text{C}$H₂ (PMe₂ Ph)₂] gives ethylene and but-1-ene as volatile products, the latter probably being formed via a five-coordinate platinum intermediate. However, the formation of propene from the photolysis of [Cl₂$\text{PtCH}{}_2\text{CH}{}_2\text{C}$H₂ (1,10-phenanthroline) appears to involve a direct transfer of a hydrogen atom between neighbouring CH₂ groups in the ring. Other gaseous products, e.g. cyclopropane, ethylene, may be formed via a platinum ion radical.     

The crystal structures of α- and β-CdUO4

The structural parameters of α- and β-CdUO₄ crystals are determined by X-ray powder diffraction technique. α-CdUO₄ is rhombohedral and cell parameters are a = 6.233(3) Å and α = 36.12(5)°. β-CdUO₄ crystallizes in a C-centered orthorhombic cell with a = 7.023(4), b = 6.849(3), c = 3.514 (2) Å. The space groups are $\text{R}\text{3}\text{m}$ for α-CdUO₄ and Cmmm for β-CdUO₄. α-CdUO₄: 1U in (000), 1Cd in ($\text{1}\text{2}\text{1}\text{2}\text{1}\text{2}$), 2O(1) in ±(uuu), 2O(2) in ±(vvv); u = 0.113, v = 0.350, Z = 1. β-CdUO₄: 2U in ($\text{000;}\text{1}\text{2}\text{1}\text{2}\text{0}$), 2Cd in ($\text{1}\text{2}\text{0}\text{1}\text{2}\text{; 0}\text{1}\text{2}\text{,}\text{1}\text{2}$), 4O(1) in ($\text{0, ±y, 0;}\text{1}\text{2}\text{,}\text{1}\text{2}\text{±y, 0}$), 4O(2) in ($\text{±x, 0,}\text{1}\text{2}\text{;}\text{1}\text{2}\text{±x,}\text{1}\text{2}\text{,}\text{1}\text{2}$); x = 0.159, y = 0.278, Z = 2. β-CdUO₄ contains collinear uranyl UO²⁺₂ groups with a UO(1) distance of 1.91 Å, located either along or parallel to the c axis whereas the UO(1) bond length in α-CdUO₄ is 1.98 Å which is longer than the usual uranyl bond length.     

A new ion-selective electrode for nitrate determination

Summary A new ion-selective electrode which can be used for the nitrate determination in a concentration range of 10^–1 to 10^–4 mol/l is described. The polymer ion-exchanger membrane is formed by an epoxy resin, after Nitron nitrate having been introduced serving as an anchor group. The selectivity constants k _t-i have been determined for Cl^–, ClO ₄ ^– , HCO ₃ ^– , SO ₄ ^2– , HPO ₄ ^2– , MoO ₄ ^2– and WO ₄ ^2– .

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Neue ionenselektive Elektrode für die Nitratbestimmung

Zusammenfassung Es wird eine neue ionenselektive Elektrode beschrieben, die für Nitratbestimmungen im Konzentrationsbereich von 10^–1 bis 10^–4 mol/l verwendet werden kann. Die Ionenaustauschermembran besteht aus Epoxidharz, in das Nitronnitrat als Ankergruppe eingeführt wurde. Die Selektivitätskonstanten K _T-I für Cl^–, ClO ₄ ^– , HCO ₃ ^– , SO ₄ ^2– , HPO ₄ ^2– , MoO ₄ ^2– und WO ₄ ^2– wurden bestimmt.

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Dedicated to Prof. Dr. H. Monien on the occasion of his 60th birthday     

Formation of an Azaruthenacyclopentadiene Skeleton via Ammonia Activation by an Electron-Deficient Ru3 Cluster

A dicationic triruthenium complex containing a μ₃-η³-C₃ ring, [(Cp*Ru)₃(μ₃-η³-C₃MeH₂−)(μ₃-CH)(μ-H)]²⁺ ( 1 a , Cp*=η⁵-C₅Me₅), reacted with ammonia to yield a μ-amido complex, [(Cp*Ru)₃(μ₃-η³-CHCMeCH) (μ₃-CH)(μ-NH₂)]²⁺ ( 5 ), via N−H bond scission. Subsequent treatment with base resulted in C−N bond formation to yield a μ₃-η²:η²-1-azabutadien-4-yl complex, [(Cp*Ru)₃(μ₃-CH)(μ₃-η²:η²-NH=CH−CMe=CH−)]⁺ ( 6 a ). The azaruthenacyclopentadiene skeleton was alternatively synthesized by the photolysis of mono-cationic complex [(Cp*Ru)₃(μ₃-η³-C₃RH₂−)(μ₃-CH)]⁺ ( 2 a ; R=Me, 2 b ; R=H) in the presence of ammonia. The C₃ ring skeleton was broken via the electron transfer to the π*(C−C) orbital in the C₃ ring, and a transiently generated unsaturated μ₃-allylic species can take up ammonia, resulting in N−H bond scission followed by C−N bond formation.     

Excitonic Bands in the Spectra of Some Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Compounds Based on Metal Halide Units

 The optical absorption, photoluminescence, and photoconductivity spectra of some compounds of the formulas [R(CH₂) _n NH₃] _x M _y X _z , [R(CH₂) _n NH(CH₃)₂] _x M _y X _z , [R(CH₂) _n S(CH₃)₂] _x M _y X _z , [R(CH₂) _n SC(NH₂)₂] _x M _y X _z , and [R(CH₂) _n SeC(NH₂)₂] _x M _y X _z (R = organic residue; M = Bi(III), Pb(II), Sn(II), Cu(I), Ag(I) etc; X = I, Br, Cl; n, x, y, z = 0, 1, 2, 3, …) are briefly reviewed, and some new results are reported. The position, intensity, and shape of the excitonic bands depend on the dimensionality and size of the inorganic network as well as on the nature of the M, X, R, and onium moieties.     

Linear expansion of the eigenvalues of a Hermitian matrix and its application to the analysis of the electronic spectra of 3d ions in crystals

It is shown that the eigenvalues E_i of a Hermitian matrix H with matrix elements H_ij = Σ_kA^k_ija_k, where A^k_ij are known numbers and a_k a set of parameters, can be exactly expanded as $\text{E}{}_{\mathrm{i}}\text{= Σ}{}_{\mathrm{k}}\text{(}\text{?E}{}_{\mathrm{i}}\text{?a}{}_{\mathrm{k}}\text{)a}{}_{\mathrm{k}}$. This property is applied to the analysis of the optical spectra of transition metal ions in crystals proposed by L. Pueyo, M. Bermejo, and J. W. Richardson (J. Solid State Chem.31, 217, 1980), and it is shown that this method represents the best fit of the Hamiltonian eigenvalues to the observed (or calculated) spectrum. Further advantages of using this property, in connection with the spectral analysis, are the minimization of the errors associated with the numerical approximations and a reduction in computer time. In the molecular orbital calculation of the optical or uv spectra of these systems, this linear expansion of the eigenvalues give a detailed interpretation of the improvements produced by refined calculations, such as those including configuration interaction. In particular, the changes in one-electron energy and in open-shell repulsion interactions associated with the refinement can be clearly and easily formulated. As examples, the computed spectra of CrF^4?₆ and CrF^3?₆ are discussed.     

Chemie der Seltenerdmetalle, 26. Mitt.: Tartrate der Seltenen Erden des TypsLn 4 T 3·xH2O und ihre Reaktion mit HCl

Zusammenfassung Nachstehende Verbindungen wurden hergestellt: Pr₄ T ₃·13 H₂O, Nd₄ T ₃·12 H₂O, Sm₄ T ₃·12 H₂O, Gd₄ T ₃·12 H₂O, Tb₄ T ₃·13 H₂O, Dy₄ T ₃·12 H₂O, Ho₄ T ₃·14 H₂O, Er₄ T ₃·14 H₂O, PrH₂ TCl·3 H₂O, NdH₂ TCl·3 H₂O, SmH₂ TCl·3 H₂O, GdH₂ TCl·4 H₂O, TbH₂ TCl·3 H₂O, DyH₂ TCl·2 H₂O, HoH₂ TCl·3 H₂O, ErH₂ TCl·3 H₂O. Die Präparate wurden mit Thermoanalyse, IR-Absorptionsspektren, Röntgenstreuung und hinsichtlich Löslichkeit weiter untersucht.

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Chemistry of the rare earth metals, XXVI: Tartrates of the rere earths of the types Ln₄T₃·xH ₂ O, and their reaction withHCl

The above series of compounds has been prepared and further characterized by thermal analysis, IR spectra, X-ray diffraction, and solubility.

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Ln=Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er.

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H₄ T=C₄H₆O₆.     

Crystal field parameters in USiO4 from temperature dependence of paramagnetic susceptibility

Based on the experimentally determined temperature dependence of the paramagnetic susceptibility of tetragonal USiO₄ within the temperature range 2–500°K, the crystal field parameters of D_2d symmetry have been estimated (in cm^?1): B⁰₂ = ?24, B⁰₄ = ?1.25, B⁴₄ = ?12.8, B⁰₆ = ?0.031, B⁴₆ = 0.51, and $\text{B}{}^4{}_4\text{B}{}^4{}_6\text{≈ ?25}$. The Γ₅ doublet with the approximate composition: 0.78|±1> + 0.63|?3> is the ground level of the U⁴⁺ ion. Singlet Γ₁ lying ca. 100 cm^?1 above is the first excited level. The total splitting of the ³H₄ term of the U⁴⁺ ion was estimated to be equal to ca. 7500 cm^?1.     

High-resolution UV photoelectron spectroscopy of diatomic halogens

Diatomic halogens are studied with UV photoelectron spectroscopy using new techniques to preserve high resolution even for reactive species. For the first time vibrational structure is observed on the ²Π_u,i (i = ^1/2,^3/2) states (F₂⁺, Cl₂⁺), the ²Σ_g⁺ states (F₂⁺, Cl₂⁺) and the Br₂⁺ (²Π_{u,$\text{3}\text{2}$}) state. On the ²Π_u,i states (F₂⁺, Cl₂⁺, Br₂⁺) spin-orbit splitting is resolved. Indications for a small potential barrier on the F₂⁺ (²Π_u,i) state for large internuclear distances are found. A new value for the spin-orbit splitting of the Cl₂⁺(²Π_g) state is presented (= ?725 cm^?1). The complementary nature of optical emission and photoelectron spectroscopy for small ions is demonstrated leading to a more complete picture of the F₂⁺ (²Π_u,i) and Cl₂⁺ (²Π_u,i) ionic states.     

Enantioselective perception of chiral odorants

This review gives an updated account on the phenomena of enantioselective perception of chiral fragrances employed in fine and functional perfumery, and of some selected flavours. Differences between enantiomers both in odour quality and strength have been considered.     

18.

Synthesis,crystal structures and photoluminescence of three new Mn(II) coordination polymers assembled from 2,4′-diphenic acid     

《Journal of Coordination Chemistry》2012,65(8):1304-1312

Three new metal coordination polymers, [Mn(Hdpa)₂(4,4′-bipy)₂] _n (1), [Mn(dpa)(1,10-phen)(H₂O)] _n (2), and [Mn(dpa)(2,2′-bipy)] _n (3) (H₂dpa = 2,4′-biphenyl-dicarboxylic acid, 4,4′-bipy = 4,4′-bipyridine, 1,10-phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, and 2,2′-bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, and X-ray diffraction. Single-crystal X-ray analyses reveal that 2,4′-diphenic acid is a bridging ligand, exhibiting three coordination modes to link metal ions: μ ₁-η ¹: η ¹/μ ₀-η ⁰: η ⁰; μ ₂-η ²: η ⁰/μ ₁-η ¹: η ⁰; and μ ₂-η ¹: η ¹/μ ₂-η ¹: η ¹. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds in 1 lead to a zigzag chain. In 2, the 2-D supramolecular arrays extended along b-axis through π–π interactions between 1,10-phen. The dinuclear paddle-wheel second building units (SBUs) constructed by four dpa^2? ligands in 3 are linked by dpa^2? into double-strand chains. The fluorescence of H₂dpa and 1–3 are also determined.     

19.

Tartrate der TypenLn 2(H2 T)3·xH2O undLnH5 T 2·xH2O einiger Seltenerdmetalle     

Richard Pastorek 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》1970,101(3):693-703

The following compounds were isolated and more closely studied by means of thermal analysis, X-ray scattering and IR absorption spectra and determination of solubilities: Pr₂(H₂ T)₃ · 6 H₂O, Nd₂(H₂ T)₃ · 6 H₂O, Sm₂(H₂ T)₃ · 5 H₂O, Gd₂(H₂ T)₃ · 5 H₂O, Tb₂(H₂ T)₃ · 5 H₂O, Dy₂(H₂ T)₃ · 5 H₂O, Ho₂(H₂ T)₃ · 5 H₂O, Er₂(H₂ T)₃ · 5 H₂O, PrH₅ T ₂ · 2 H₂O, NdH₅ T ₂ · 2 H₂O, SmH₅ T ₂ · 2 H₂O, GdH₅ T ₂ · 3 H₂O, TbH₅ T ₂ · 3 H₂O, DyH₅ T ₂ · 3 H₂O, HoH₅ T ₂ · 3 H₂O, ErH₅ T ₂ · 3 H₂O.     

20.

Solubility of CO2 in the solvent system (water + monoethanolamine + triethanolamine)     

Ming-Der Cheng  Alvin R. Caparanga  Allan N. Soriano  Meng-Hui Li 《The Journal of chemical thermodynamics》2010,42(3):342-347

This report presents a new set of values for the solubility of carbon dioxide in the solvent system {water (1) + monoethanolamine (2) + triethanolamine (3)} at T = (313.2, 333.2, 353.2, and 373.2) K and CO₂ partial pressures ranging (1.0 to 120) kPa. The results are specific to solvent systems with the following compositions: (i) ω₂ = 0.24, ω₃ = 0.06, (ii) ω₂ = 0.18, ω₃ = 0.12, (iii) ω₂ = 0.12, ω₃ = 0.18, (iv) ω₂ = 0.06, ω₃ = 0.24, and (v) ω₂ = 0, ω₃ = 0.30, where ω refers to the mass fraction of the component. The results fit the Deshmukh and Mather model well.     

Synthesis,crystal structures and photoluminescence of three new Mn(II) coordination polymers assembled from 2,4′-diphenic acid

Three new metal coordination polymers, [Mn(Hdpa)₂(4,4′-bipy)₂] _n (1), [Mn(dpa)(1,10-phen)(H₂O)] _n (2), and [Mn(dpa)(2,2′-bipy)] _n (3) (H₂dpa = 2,4′-biphenyl-dicarboxylic acid, 4,4′-bipy = 4,4′-bipyridine, 1,10-phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, and 2,2′-bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, and X-ray diffraction. Single-crystal X-ray analyses reveal that 2,4′-diphenic acid is a bridging ligand, exhibiting three coordination modes to link metal ions: μ ₁-η ¹: η ¹/μ ₀-η ⁰: η ⁰; μ ₂-η ²: η ⁰/μ ₁-η ¹: η ⁰; and μ ₂-η ¹: η ¹/μ ₂-η ¹: η ¹. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds in 1 lead to a zigzag chain. In 2, the 2-D supramolecular arrays extended along b-axis through π–π interactions between 1,10-phen. The dinuclear paddle-wheel second building units (SBUs) constructed by four dpa^2? ligands in 3 are linked by dpa^2? into double-strand chains. The fluorescence of H₂dpa and 1–3 are also determined.     

Tartrate der TypenLn 2(H2 T)3·xH2O undLnH5 T 2·xH2O einiger Seltenerdmetalle

The following compounds were isolated and more closely studied by means of thermal analysis, X-ray scattering and IR absorption spectra and determination of solubilities: Pr₂(H₂ T)₃ · 6 H₂O, Nd₂(H₂ T)₃ · 6 H₂O, Sm₂(H₂ T)₃ · 5 H₂O, Gd₂(H₂ T)₃ · 5 H₂O, Tb₂(H₂ T)₃ · 5 H₂O, Dy₂(H₂ T)₃ · 5 H₂O, Ho₂(H₂ T)₃ · 5 H₂O, Er₂(H₂ T)₃ · 5 H₂O, PrH₅ T ₂ · 2 H₂O, NdH₅ T ₂ · 2 H₂O, SmH₅ T ₂ · 2 H₂O, GdH₅ T ₂ · 3 H₂O, TbH₅ T ₂ · 3 H₂O, DyH₅ T ₂ · 3 H₂O, HoH₅ T ₂ · 3 H₂O, ErH₅ T ₂ · 3 H₂O.     

Solubility of CO2 in the solvent system (water + monoethanolamine + triethanolamine)

This report presents a new set of values for the solubility of carbon dioxide in the solvent system {water (1) + monoethanolamine (2) + triethanolamine (3)} at T = (313.2, 333.2, 353.2, and 373.2) K and CO₂ partial pressures ranging (1.0 to 120) kPa. The results are specific to solvent systems with the following compositions: (i) ω₂ = 0.24, ω₃ = 0.06, (ii) ω₂ = 0.18, ω₃ = 0.12, (iii) ω₂ = 0.12, ω₃ = 0.18, (iv) ω₂ = 0.06, ω₃ = 0.24, and (v) ω₂ = 0, ω₃ = 0.30, where ω refers to the mass fraction of the component. The results fit the Deshmukh and Mather model well.