面向高超声速飞行器的激波智能预测方法

高超声速飞行器激波位置的准确预测能够有效提升数值模拟的精度和效率。一方面,对高超声速飞行器激波附近网格进行正交和加密处理,可有效提升数值计算精度;另一方面,使用高超声速飞行器激波位置对计算网格进行修正,能够加速CFD计算收敛过程。提出了一种基于机器学习的高超声速飞行器激波智能预测方法,对典型高超声速飞行器外形进行激波位置的高效准确预测。首先,针对典型高超声速飞行器外形和典型飞行状态,使用数值模拟方法获得收敛的流场,并采用基于Mach数等值线的激波提取方法,从流场中判别激波面并提取构成激波面的关键点位置,形成训练数据;然后采用有监督学习算法,学习关键点位置,并利用二次曲线沿流向拟合关键点形成初步的激波线族;最后,基于剖面压力云图,构造基于投影压力图像的智能预测神经网络,对初步形成的激波线族进行修正,并获得三维激波面。大量的实验结果表明,激波预测模型能够对高超声速飞行器激波位置做出准确预测,预测的激波面与CFD数值计算结果中提取的激波面误差在10^-4量级。     

高超声速层流绕三维压缩拐角的数值模拟

通过数值模拟研究了高超声速来流绕过压缩拐角的层流分离三维流动特性.数值方法采用三维N-S方程,结合2阶精度Roe格式以及分区结构网格有限体积法进行离散.数值模拟的空间激波结构与实验纹影结果符合较好;激波/边界层干扰区内3条纵向线上的计算压力分布与实验结果进行了对比分析,计算获得在三维楔侧面存在低压力区,与实验结果反映的规律一致,计算结果表明低压力区是由楔体侧缘尖端发起的二次涡的抽吸作用造成的.此外,在楔体后端尾流区的低压沿边界层内的亚声速区往上游传递了一定距离.      

再入体头部粘性流场高分辨率格式数值模拟

TVD格式是目前数值研究以激波为主要特征之一的超声速、高超声速流场的最先进的算法之一。本文用二阶迎风TVD格式,对三种烧蚀外形的轴对称粘性流场和10°钝锥有攻角三维粘性流场进行了数值模拟,得到了高质量的头部脱体激波和与实验结果及直线推进法计算一致的物面压力分布,表明了TVD格式在再入体粘性绕流计算中的独特优势。     

对运动斜激波绕射波纹壁面的研究

使用计算流体动力学的方法,对经典的运动激波绕射现象做数值模拟,研究了一类复杂激波反射问题一入射的运动斜激波绕射现象.给出一组运动斜激波绕射波纹壁面的非定常过程的模拟结果。计算结果显示出由运动斜激波绕射诱导的多波干扰产生的复杂流场结构。     

Visualization of unsteady shock oscillations in the High-enthalpy flow field around double cones

The presence of an adverse pressure gradient, shock/shock interaction and shock wave/boundary layer interaction often induces flow separation around bodies. However, the effect of dissociated flow on separated flow characteristics, especially at hypersonic speeds, is still not clear, and considerable differences are observed between experiments and numerical simulations. In this investigation, the unsteady separated flow features around double cones are visualized in the Shock Wave Research Center (SWRC) free-piston driven shock tunnel at a nominal Mach Number of 6.99 using multiple optical techniques. The time resolved shock structure oscillations in the flow field around double cones (first cone, semi-apex angle = 25°; second cone, semi-apex angles=50°, 65°, 68° and 70°) have been visualized using a high-speed image converter camera (IMACON) at a nominal stagnation enthalpy of 4.8 MJ/kg. In addition, flow visualization studies around the double cone is also carried out using Schlieren and double exposure holographic interferometry in order to precisely locate the separation point and measure the separation length. The presence of a triple shock structure in front of the second cone and a non-linear unsteady shock structure oscillation in the flow field are the significant results from visualization studies on the 25° /65°, 25° /68° and 25°/70° double cones. On the other hand, the flow field around 25° /50° is relatively steady and Type V shock/shock interaction is observed. Illustrative numerical simulation studies are carried out by solving N-S equations to complement the experiments. The simulated flow features around a double cone agree well qualitatively with experiments.     

高超声速平板边界层/圆柱粗糙元非定常干扰

以高超声速表面湍流控制为应用背景,平板/粗糙元干扰流动为模型,采用大涡模拟方法研究粗糙元流场干扰作用机理.分析粗糙元外形特征对于流动稳定性影响,给出其引起的流动表面参数的变化规律.结果显示超声速边界层在粗糙元作用下产生强逆压梯度并发生分离,粗糙元高度对高位自由剪切层失稳有明显影响,低粗糙元干扰下游流动稳定性,而高粗糙元剪切层发生流向失稳,形成涡串结构;同时粗糙元干扰导致下游摩阻和热流系数较平板略低,可能应用在进气道降热和减阻中.     

自由活塞激波风洞压缩管非等熵流动分析

在自由活塞驱动的高超声速地面试验设备中,自由活塞压缩器的运行状态对于试验气流状态参数、试验时间及设备安全性起到决定性的作用.研究基于FD?21自由活塞激波风洞结构参数,针对典型的活塞压缩器运行状态展开数值模拟和等熵理论预测,分析压缩管中的波系结构和非等熵效应引起的流动参数变化.进一步地,将压缩管中的总熵变来源分解为激波...     

气动光学效应湍流脉动模型系数修正

以光学窗口的气动光学效应研究为背景,研究影响光学传输预测的流场湍流脉动量预测.选取平板、压缩拐角、凹腔流动模型,采用大涡模拟（LES）方法研究超声速湍流脉动工程预测模型的系数修正.结果表明：LES方法能够获得无激波干扰、强激波干扰及底部大分离条件下,湍流密度脉动的定量分布,并据此给出脉动工程模型的系数修正,结果已经应用于型号飞行器的光学窗口气动光学效应预测.     

球头高超音速热绕流的研究

本文研究了加热（冷却）对流动的影响。通过计算分析了在不同来流马赫数和加热量下，加热对球头高超音速绕流的影响规律。研究表明，加热对流动有着显著的影响，将使流动出现“热斥冷吸”、表面压力和激波距离增大、加热与冷却影响的非线性、加热使超音速区内马赫数下降趋向于１等现象。     

局域能量注入对高超声速进气道流动影响研究

研究了局域能量脉冲注入条件下高超声速进气道流场的扰动情况。数值模拟采用三维雷诺平均N-S方程,分别利用ROE格式和二阶中心格式对对流通量和粘性通量进行离散处理;用高斯-赛德尔隐式格式对方程进行时间推进求解,采用k-ε两方程模型用于湍流的数值模拟。开展了高超风洞平板流场能量注入实验,获取了高速纹影图像,并对实验结果与计算结果进行比较。研究表明,能量注入产生的冲击波能与高超流动产生的斜激波发生强烈干扰,脉冲能量的引入可能引起高超声速进气道流量俘获率产生剧烈震荡,从而导致进气道流场的性能急剧下降。     

斜激波与轴对称边界层干扰的数值模拟

使用两方程Menter-SST模型,对来流Mach数为3时的斜激波与轴对称边界层的相互干扰现象进行了数值模拟与定性、定量分析。研究了斜楔激波发生器楔角和来流单位Reynolds数变化对干扰区流动的影响,总结了参数变化引起的流动分离变化规律;此外,还计算了与三维计算中心对称面上的入射激波等效的二维情形,并将三维结果与二维情形进行对比,对比结果显示中心对称面上的壁面压力系数、分离涡尺寸、涡量分布等与相应的二维情形存在明显差异。     

尖楔模型结构对脉动压力测量影响实验研究

高超声速边界层转捩与湍流研究是当前空气动力学研究的一个热门领域,脉动压力测量技术在高超声速风洞背景噪声测量和边界层内扰动波发展研究实验中得到了广泛应用.脉动压力传感器由于灵敏度高、测量频率范围宽,其测量结果受多方面因素影响.文章以尖楔模型为研究对象,在常规高超声速风洞中开展了模型背面凸起对表面脉动压力测量结果影响的实验...     

Rotational temperature and density measurements in a hypersonic flow by dual-line CARS

Rotational temperature and nitrogen number density are measured in the shock wave/boundary layer interaction region in the vicinity of a two-dimensional compression corner disposed in a low pressure, 55 K, Mach 10 hypersonic air flow. Spatially-resolved data are recorded using a nonlinear optical technique named dual-line coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (DLCARS). Averaged temperature and density profiles are compared with those predicted by a Navier-Stokes solver. Good agreement is found.     

The impact of flow induced loads on snap-through behavior of acoustically excited, thermally buckled panels

The analysis, and ultimately the design, of air-breathing hypersonic cruise-type vehicles is hampered by the inability to accurately capture the coupled fluid-thermal-structure interactions. There are few laboratory experiments that have investigated the interactions of compliant surface panels and hypersonic flow. The vast majority of experimental studies are limited to replicating only parts of the physical mechanisms and couplings because of the difficulty in imposing the complete transient, hypersonic environment. Studies of hot-structures, thermal protection systems, or exotic material and structural configurations, typically neglect vibration induced fluctuating pressures, shock-boundary layer interaction, the effect of transition, and separated flow. Conversely, hypersonic wind-tunnel experiments purposely neglect the influence of non-rigid structure on the aforementioned high-speed flow effects in an effort to better understand the nature of the high-speed effects. The goal of this study is to implement a simple computational model that seeks to incorporate many of the fluid-thermal-structure interactions inherent in hypersonic flow. This is accomplished using simplified aerothermal and aerodynamic theories in conjunction with a simply supported von Kármán panel in cylindrical bending. Comparisons are made between the inclusion and exclusion of self-induced and forced fluctuating pressures, as well as the fidelity required in computing the temperature distributions. Results indicate that self-induced pressure fluctuations, which arise from interactions of a vibrating structure with an ambient mean flow, significantly impact the response of panels to random acoustic loadings. Additionally, the inclusion of forced fluctuating pressure loadings can significantly reduce the onset time of panel flutter. It is surmised that experimental investigations must combine thermal loads, as well as both forced and self-induced fluctuating pressures.     

某组合体模型气动热数据相关性研究

为进行高超声速气动热数据相关性研究, 选取了一平板-锥组合体模型为研究对象, 开展不同缩比模型的风洞试验, 分别使用3种不同方法进行气动热试验数据的相关性研究.研究结果表明, 使用正激波后Reynolds数Re_ns和修正的黏性干扰系数V*/S_w可以将不同缩比模型不同来流条件下的Stanton数进行较好的关联, Stanton数与正激波后Reynolds数Re_ns成反比例关系, 与修正的黏性干扰系数V*/S_w成正比例关系.最后基于相关性研究结论和理论分析, 提出了一种模型表面传热现象的数学模型.      

Interaction of a glow discharge with a rarefied hypersonic flow in a curvilinear channel

A two-dimensional simulation model is used to study the gasdynamic structure of a rarefied hypersonic flow of molecular nitrogen in a curvilinear channel in which the lower surface carries the cathode section of the discharge gap whereas the upper surface serves as the anode. The electrodynamic structure of the glow discharge (the distribution of concentrations of charged species, current density, and electric potential) is examined. It was demonstrated that the burning of a glow discharge in a rarefied hypersonic flow makes it possible to effectively modify the shock wave structure of the flow.     

Experimental Research on Wet Steam Flow With Shock Wave

The article presents research on a wet steam transonic flow in a Laval half-nozzle with a shock wave. The motivation for this research was to investigate the shock wave/liquid phase interaction in the transonic wet steam flow. This phenomenon is responsible for the lack of good correspondence between experimental data and computational fluid dynamics results. For the tests, the geometry of the half-arc nozzle was used. The shock wave formation at the divergent section of the nozzle is caused by too high back-pressure. The observed instabilities in the flow are mainly initiated by the shock wave/liquid film (boundary layer) interaction. The numerical calculations were compared with experimental results with respect to the static pressure distribution along the nozzle.     

标模外形化学非平衡流场数值模拟

利用三维并行计算代码求解Navier-Stokes方程,数值模拟标模(ELECTRE)化学非平衡绕流,研究真实气体效应对标模气动热特性的影响,反应模型为Dunn和Kang的7组元7反应化学动力学模型.利用典型弹道点的飞行试验数据验证化学非平衡流计算程序的可靠性.在此基础上,研究不同壁面催化条件下攻角和高度变化对热流的影响.计算表明:真实气体效应主要发生在物面附近很薄的激波层内,并使激波脱体距离减小;完全催化壁驻点热流值高于非催化壁热流值;随着攻角增大,热流分布差异明显,而且攻角越大时,物面电子数密度越小;飞行高度越高,O₂和N₂离解程度越低,驻点热流越低.     

Investigation of the pseudo-shock wave in a two-dimensional supersonic inlet

Abstract  

This paper describes experimental and numerical investigations into the multiple shock waves/turbulent boundary layer interaction in a supersonic inlet. The test model has a rectangular shape with an asymmetric subsonic diffuser of 5°. Experiments were conducted to obtain the visualization images and static pressure data by using supersonic wind tunnel. Numerical simulation was performed by solving the RANS equations with the Menter’s SST turbulent model. The inflow condition was a free-stream Mach number of 2.5 and a unit Reynolds number of 7.6 × 10⁷/m. Numerical results showed good agreement with the experimental results. Based on this agreement, the flow characteristics which are often very difficult to obtain experimentally alone were analyzed with the aid of numerical simulation. The structures, pressure and velocity distributions, and total pressure loss of the pseudo-shock wave in the supersonic inlet were presented in detail from flow visualization images and static pressures.     

爆轰波在炸药-金属界面上的折射分析

针对爆轰波在炸药-金属界面上折射时由实验获得的金属折射冲击波压力与经典爆轰波极曲线理论预测的压力存在显著差异这一问题, 本文展开了进一步的理论和数值模拟分析研究. 首先通过分析指出经典爆轰波极曲线理论的缺陷, 并对爆轰波极曲线理论进行了改进, 改进爆轰波极曲线理论给出了炸药爆轰波折射类型以及折射冲击作用点处的压力值. 然后发展了一个基于次特征理论来数值求解爆轰反应流动控制方程的二阶中心型Lagrange方法, 并数值模拟了一个典型的炸药爆轰波折射实验. 改进爆轰波极曲线理论和数值模拟分析结果表明, 爆轰波折射类型有三种:反射冲击波的正规折射、带Mach反射的非正规折射、无反射波的正规折射, 并且金属折射冲击波压力值随入射角增大而单调减小.