[2,6-(t-BuOCH2)2C6H3Sn(OH)]2O: A rare example of a monomeric tetraorganodistannoxane stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bridges

The synthesis and molecular structure of [2,6-(t-BuOCH₂)₂C₆H₃Sn(OH)]₂O (2), the only second example of a monomeric tetraorganodistannoxane, is reported. Compound 2 crystallizes in two polymorphic modifications (2a, monoclinic; 2b, triclinic). The two modifications especially differ in their intramolecular Sn?Odistances which fall in the range between 2.789(3) and 3.194(5) Å. It appears, that both the latter and intramolecular O?H-O bridges (2.882(4)-2.907(6) Å) contribute to the stability of the monomeric structures.     

Functionalization of Csp-H bond—Sc(OTf)3-catalyzed domino 1,5-hydride shift/cyclization/Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction of benzylidene Meldrum’s acids

Under Sc(OTf)₃ catalysis, benzylidene Meldrum’s acids bearing a tethered p-methoxyphenethyl group were observed to undergo a [1,5]-hydride shift/cyclization at room temperature, representing a mild Csp³-H bond functionalization. The resulting spiro Meldrum’s acid intermediates then underwent intramolecular Friedel-Crafts acylation, completing the one-pot, domino reaction. The reported protocol generates the 6-6-5-6 tetracyclic core of tetrahydrobenzo[b]fluoren-11-ones.     

Sc(OTf)3-catalyzed intramolecular aza-Prins cyclization for the synthesis of heterobicycles

The coupling of (E)- and (Z)-hex-3-ene-1,6-ditosylamide with various aldehydes in the presence of 10 mol % Sc(OTf)₃ gave the corresponding trans- and cis-fused 1,5-ditosyl-octahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridines, respectively, in good yields via intramolecular aza-Prins cyclization, whereas the coupling of (E)- and (Z)-N-(6-hydroxyhex-3-enyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide afforded the corresponding trans- and cis-fused octahydro-1-tosylpyrano[4,3-b]pyrroles derivatives, respectively, via intramolecular Prins-cyclization.     

Arylmercury(II) compounds involving intramolecular coordination via 2-Me2NCH2- and chiral (S)-2-Me2NCHMe-ring substituents

Arylmercury compounds of the type Ar₂Hg and ArHgX (X = Cl, OAc) have been synthesized and characterized by ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy; the Ar group was either 2-Me₂NCH₂C₆H₄ or (S)-2-Me₂NCH(Me)C₆H₄, both of which contain N-donor ligands. The observation of anisochronous NMe resonances in (S)-2-Me₂NCH(Me)C₆H₄HgX (X = Cl, OAc) at low temperature indicates that in solution the mercury centre is three-coordinate as a result of stable intramolecular HgN coordination     

Synthesis of 6,6-dimethyltricyclo[5.4.0.02,8]undecane-2,9-diol for (ent-)longipinane-type sesquiterpenoids using two types of radical cyclization reactions

A synthetic route to 6,6-dimethyltricyclo[5.4.0.0^2,8]undecane-2,9-diol, a key precursor to (ent-)longipinane-type sesquiterpenoids, is described. This unique core common to (ent-)longipinanes was constructed using two types of intramolecular radical cyclization reactions, namely, intramolecular coupling of an acid chloride and an alkyl iodide mediated by SmI₂, TBAI and HMPA, and the coupling of a ketone and an epoxide mediated by Cp₂TiI₂ and SmI₂.     

The gem-disubstituent effect—a computational study that exposes the relevance of existing theoretical models

The DFT B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) and HF/6-31G calculation results for the cyclization reactions of six different di-substituted 4-bromobutylamines (Brown’s system) reveal that the driving force for accelerations in the rate for intramolecular cyclization compared to the linear unsubstituted compound is due to strain effects (difference in strain energy in the ground state and in the transition state) and not to proximity in the ground state stemming from the distribution of rotational conformations ‘near attack conformation’ (time of residence at a reactive distance). Further, the results indicate that the reaction rate (log k_rel) for the intramolecular cyclization process is strongly correlated with the distance between the two reacting centers (r) and the attack angle (α). The latter result is the first to correlate strain and reaction rate with geometrical parameters (r and α).     

Synthesis of cis-2-aryl-3-pyrrolidine carboxylic esters via diastereoselective cyclization of γ-imino esters using a TiCl4/Et3N reagent system

Facile synthesis of cis-2-aryl-3-pyrrolidine carboxylates from readily accessible γ-imino esters by intramolecular cyclization mediated by a TiCl₄/Et₃N reagent system is described.     

A simple conversion of azlactones into indenones via H3PW12O40/Al2O3 catalyzed intramolecular Friedel-Crafts reaction

A rapid and simple procedure for the synthesis of the indenone derivatives, N-(1-oxo-1H-inden-2-yl)benzamides, via intramolecular Friedel-Crafts (IFC) reaction of (Z)-4-arylidene-2-phenyl-5(4)-oxazolones (azlactones) catalyzed by H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ supported on neutral alumina under microwave irradiation has been developed. The reaction is straightforward and allows easy isolation of the product. The catalyst could be re-used up to four times after simple filtration.     

A stereoselective total synthesis of (−)-andrachcinidine via an olefin cross-metathesis protocol

A stereoselective total synthesis of 1-(2S,6R)-6-[(2S)-2-hydroxypentyl]-hexahydro-2-pyridinylacetone, (−)-andrachcinidine is reported. The strategy utilizes olefin cross-metathesis and intramolecular S_N2 cyclization as the key steps.     

Dipole moment,isomerization, and intramolecular hydrogen bond in some benzene derivatives (computations)

The dipole moment vectors of some benzene monoderivatives are calculated to test the method used in an attempt to explain the dipole moments of o-, m- and p-substituted phenols (X-C₆H₄-OH; X = -OH, -F, -NO₂, -CHO, -COOH, -CH₃). The vectors seem to include contributions from a mixture of planar conformers whose populations obey a Boltzmann-type distribution. The calculated intramolecular interaction moment is proposed as a simple criterion indicating the strength of the intramolecular hydrogen bond in o-phenols.     

Unexpected Ti-catalyzed formal intramolecular [4+4] cycloaddition of 1,1′-bi[(S,S)-6-(trimethylsilyl)cyclohepta-2,4-dien-1-yl]

Reductive disilylation (Li+Me₃SiCl−THF) of 1,3,5-cycloheptatriene led to 1,1′-bi[(S^∗,S^∗)-6-(trimethylsilyl)cyclohepta-2,4-dien-1-yl] (2). In the presence of TiCl₄ in dichloromethane, 2 gave rise to a spherical molecule 5 resulting from an intramolecular formal [4+4] supra-supra cycloaddition.     

Synthesis of 1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]quinoline derivatives via palladium-catalyzed heteroannulation of 2-aryl-3-iodo-4-(phenylamino)quinolines and 4-(N,N-allylphenylamino)-2-aryl-3-iodoquinolines

Palladium(0)/copper iodide catalyzed Sonogashira cross-coupling of 2-aryl-3-iodo-4-(phenylamino)quinolines with terminal alkynes afforded series of 1,2,4-trisubstituted 1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]quinolines in a single-step operation. Conversely, the 4-(N,N-allylphenylamino)-2-aryl-3-iodoquinoline derivatives were found to undergo PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂/CuI catalyzed intramolecular Heck reaction to yield the corresponding 1,3,4-trisubstituted 1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]quinolines.     

Indenols, indenones and (arylcyclohexadienyl)Mn(CO)3 π-complexes from the thermally promoted reactions of alkynes with ortho-Mn(CO)4 aryl ketone, amide, ester and aldehyde derivatives

Thermally promoted reactions of a range of alkynes with the orthomanganated acetophenone (η²-2-acetylphenyl)Mn(CO)₄ generally give 1H-inden-1-ols in good yield; effects of substituents and solvent on these reactions are reported, along with the crystal structure of 1-methyl-2,3-diphenyl-1H-inden-1-ol. The corresponding orthomanganated benzophenone similarly gives the indenol with diphenylacetylene but by exception, orthomanganated 3-acetylthiophene with phenylacetylene reacts via triple alkyne insertion and cyclisation, shown by crystal structure determination of the π-complex product [(1,2,3,4,5-η)-2-(3-acetylthien-2-yl)-1,3,5-triphenylcyclohexadienyl]tricarbonylmanganese. Corresponding orthomanganated derivatives of N,N-dimethylbenzamide, methyl 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate and 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde all give indenones with diphenylacetylene, but with (excess) acetylene only the aldehyde gives an indenone, the amide and ester giving instead [(1,2,3,4,5-η)-6-arylcyclohexadienyl]Mn(CO)₃ complexes. ¹H NMR analysis of these complexes shows H at C6 to be on the same face of the cyclohexadienyl ring as Mn(CO)₃ (endo-6-H; exo 6-aryl) as expected from three successive syn additions of alkyne at metallated carbon followed by intramolecular syn addition of alkene in the final cyclisation stage.     

Intramolecular C-glycosylation of 2-O-benzylated pentenyl mannopyranosides: remarkable 1,2-trans stereoselectivity

The IDCP-promoted intramolecular C-glycosylation of pentenyl α-mannopyranosides carrying, at O-2, an activated benzyl group gave, unexpectedly, the 1,2-trans-fused bicyclic product which corresponds to an α-C-aryl mannopyranose derivative. This remarkable, strained C-glycosyl compound was rapidly epimerized to the more stable 1,2-cis product on treatment with BF₃·Et₂O. The IDCP-reaction product could be elaborated into a 2-(α-C-mannopyranosyl)-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl alcohol derivative.     

Sequential ring-closing metathesis/Pd-catalyzed, Si-assisted cross-coupling reactions: general synthesis of highly substituted unsaturated alcohols and medium-sized rings containing a 1,3-cis-cis diene unit

A sequential ring-closing metathesis/silicon-assisted cross-coupling protocol has been developed. Alkenyldimethylsilyl ethers of allylic, homoallylic and bis(homoallylic) alcohols undergo facile ring closure with Schrock's catalyst to afford 5-, 6-, and 7-membered cycloalkenylsiloxanes, respectively, in some cases with substituents on both alkenyl carbons. These siloxanes are highly effective coupling partners that afford styrenes and dienes (with various aryl and alkenyl halides) in high yield and specificity as well as good functional group compatibility. The siloxanes bearing a Z-iodoalkenyl tether undergo an intramolecular coupling process in the presence of [allylPdCl]₂ which constitutes a powerful method for the construction of medium-sized rings with an internal 1,3-cis-cis diene unit. The formation of 9-, 10-, 11-, and 12-membered carbocyclic dienes is achieved in good yield. Extension to the synthesis of 9-membered ring unsaturated ethers has also been accomplished. Noteworthy features of this process include: (1) highly stereospecific intramolecular coupling, (2) flexible positioning of the revealed hydroxy group, and (3) potential extension to other medium-sized carbocycles and heterocycles.     

BF3·OEt2-catalyzed synthesis of 1-(tetrahydropyran-3-yl)-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran and trans-fused hexahydropyrano[3,2-c]chromene derivatives

A novel intramolecular Prins cyclization of (E)-5-(2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)pent-4-en-1-ol with aldehydes has been achieved using 10 mol % BF₃·Et₂O to produce 1-(tetrahydropyran-3-yl)-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran derivatives in good to excellent yields with high selectivity. Similar type of coupling with salicylaldehydes provides the trans-fused hexahydropyrano[3,2-c]chromene derivatives in excellent yields.     

Naryl-substituted anthranilamides with intramolecular hydrogen bonds

Hydrogen bonding interaction as one type of non-covalent force has proven itself to be highly efficient for constructing structurally unique artificial secondary structures. Here, the structure of N_aryl-substituted anthranilamide in solution is demonstrated by various NMR technique, the intramolecular hydrogen bonds between amide attached to arylamine of the same ring is proposed, which is supported by its crystal structure in the solid phase. The substituent on the nitrogen atom of arylamine plays an important role in forming the presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The chemical shift of the N_aryl-H downfield changes obviously, due to the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds and the deshielding effect of oxygen, and the neighboring C–H is activated and shows downfield protonic signal too. The presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonds probably provides the explanation for the transformation from N_aryl-substituted anthranilamide to imine, which could be converted into 2-aryl quinazolinone finally.     

Template synthesis of a macrocycle with a mixed NHC/phosphine donor set

Reaction of cis-[ReCl(NHC)(CO)₄] cis-[1] (NHC = NH,NH-substituted saturated cyclic diaminocarbene) with diphosphine (2-F-C₆H₄)₂P-CH₂CH₂-P(C₆H₄-2-F)₂2 yields complex fac-[Re(NHC)(2)(CO)₃]Cl fac-[3]Cl. Deprotonation of the NH,NH-NHC ligand in fac-[3]Cl with KOtBu leads to an intramolecular nucleophilic aromatic substitution of one fluorine atom from each -P(C₆H₄-2-F) group by the NHC ring nitrogen atoms with formation of complex fac-[4]Cl bearing a facially coordinated [11]ane-P₂C^NHC ligand. Reaction of cis-[MnBr(NHC)(CO)₄] cis-[5] (NHC = NH,NH-substituted saturated cyclic diaminocarbene) with diphosphine 2 yields complex [MnBr(NHC)(2)(CO)₂] [6] without substitution of the bromo ligand and with the phosphine donors from the bidentate diphosphine occupying one cis and one trans position to the NHC donor.     

Calixarenes. 5. Dynamic NMR characteristics of p-tert-butylcalix[4]-arene and p-tert-butylcalix[8]arene

The near identity of the temperature dependent ¹H-NMR spectra of p-tert-butylcalix-[4]- and calix[8]arene in CDCl₃ and bromobenzene-d₅ is shown to be drastically altered in pyridine-d₅, attributable to disruption of intramolecular hydrogen bonding.     

Z-Selective intramolecular Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction for the synthesis of macrocyclic alkenes

The Z-selective intramolecular Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction of the substrates 7-12 (RO)₂P(O)CHR′CO₂Et (R′ = (CH₂)_nCHO) (R = Ph or o-tBuC₆H₄) gives the 13-18-membered cyclic alkenes selectively (up to Z:E = 97:3) in good yields using NaH in THF under high dilution conditions.