Influences of acid treatments of active carbons on NO reduction over carbon-supported copper oxides

Active carbon supported copper oxides were used in NO reduction. The conversions of NO reduction depends strongly on surface oxygen-containing groups on the active carbons, among them the carboxyls and lactones favored remarkably the NO reduction. However, hydrochloric acid treatment led to the decomposition of the carboxyls and lactones on C2 and C3, decreasing their reactivities for NO reduction. Concentrated HNO₃ treatment of active carbon produced higher conversions of NO reduction at relatively low temperatures due to the marked increase in the amounts of the carboxyls and lactones.     

Application of transition metals in hydroformylation: Annual survey covering the year 1997

Hydroformylation in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems and hydroformylation related reactions of carbon monoxide are reviewed.     

TiO2负载型催化剂及光催化还原CO2反应的表面光电压谱研究

半导体TiO₂作为光催化剂,已被广泛应用于光催化废水处理及光催化储能^[1,2]等方面的研究.人们不断开发高活性的新型光催化剂并对其反应机理进行了探索性研究^[3],希望通过表面负载Pd、Ru、Pt或Rh等贵金属的小岛式颗粒以传递光生电子(或光生空穴).     

活性炭酸处理对CuO／C催化剂上NO还原反应的影响

４种国产活性炭被用于ＮＯ还原反应，其中，山楂核炭和山桃核炭具有较高的ＮＯ还原转化率。实验发现，表面含氧基团－ＣＯＯ－对活性炭自身的还原性和对ＮＯ的还原活性有很重要的影响。对表面富－ＣＯＯ－基团的活性炭，稀盐酸处理使表面－ＣＯＯ－显著分解。     

二氧化碳在P+/P-Si半导体电极上光电化学还原的研究

1870年,Royer使用Zn电极将CO₂还原为HCOOH。近年来,人们对CO₂在几十种金属电极上的电化学还原进行了深入的研究。但普遍存在的问题是CO₂在金属电极上还原的过电位较大,导致耗电较多。     

活性碳纤维对银离子还原吸附能力的改进

活性碳纤维不仅对有机物有高的吸附容量,对贵金属离子也具有强的还原吸附能力,可将Pd(Ⅱ）,Ag（Ⅰ）,Au（Ⅲ）等离子还原为金属单质。因而可用于提取矿液或加收废液中的贵金属。由此,提高或改善贵金属在活性碳纤维上的还原吸附容量或分布形成,显得非常重要。本文研究了活性碳纤维制备条件、表面氧化改性、以有负载有机物等对活性碳纤维还原能力的影响。结果表明,（1）制备条件对剑麻基活性碳纤维的还原能力有很大的影响。用H3PO4或ZnCl2活化的活性碳纤维对银离子具有更高的还原吸附容量,分别可达250和700mg/g,约为水蒸汽活化剑麻基活性碳纤维对银离子还原吸附容量的2倍和5倍。（2）过氧化氢、高锰酸钾、或硝酸等无机氧化剂对活性碳纤维进行表面改性,也能提高活性碳纤维的还原能力。结果表明,虽然改性活性碳纤维的比表面积和孔体积下降10-20%左右,但基表面含氧量及含氧基团的种类发生了改变。这些改性活性碳纤维对Ag(NH3)2^ 的还原吸附量大幅度提高,可达550mg/g以上。推断表面改性在活性碳纤维表面创造了更多有利于碱性条件下发生氧化还原的活性点。（3）在活性碳纤维表面负载适当的有机物如亚甲基蓝、苯胺或对硝基苯酚,也能显著提高活性碳纤维对Ag(NH3)2^ 的还原吸附能力。     

STUDY ON THE FACTORS AFFECTING REDUCTION CAPACITIES OF ACTIVATED CARBON FIBERS

1. INTRODUCTION The discharge of effluent containing precious metal ions, which comes from electroplating, mining, smelting, and other industries, not only contaminate the environment where people live, but also cause the waste of natural resources. From…     

STUDY ON THE FACTORS AFFECTING REDUCTION CAPACITIES OF ACTIVATED CARBON FIBERS

The reduction adsorption of silver diamminonitrate on different kinds of activated carbonfibers (ACF) has been studied in this paper. The effect of different parameters, including adsorptiontemperature, concentrations of activation agents, and activation time on the silver adsorptioncapacities of activated carbon fibers has been investigated The results show that higher temperaturein which the silver complex interacts with ACF. or higher concentration of activation agent, will makehigher reduction adsorption capacities of ACFs. More over, ACFs activated with phosphoric acidhave higher reduction capacities than those activated with zinc chloride or steam.     

玻璃球负载非晶态有机钛聚合物提高光催化还原CO2的转换频率

化学蚀刻玻璃球,表面产生纳米孔缝,再通过溶剂热法在孔缝内制备了非晶态有机钛聚合物。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱（ICP-AES）、紫外-可见漫反射光谱（UV-Vis）、荧光光谱（PL）、有机元素分析（OEA）、紫外光电子能谱（UPS）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）等表征了材料的结构及光电性能。结果表明,负载的非晶态有机钛聚合物对可见光有明显的吸收,且荧光强度较NH₂-MIL-125（Ti）大幅度降低,光生电子-空穴对更加稳定。玻璃球负载的非晶态有机钛聚合物为催化剂,300 W氙灯为光源催化还原CO₂,反应4 h后,甲醇的产量达941.6 μmol,相应的转换频率（TOF）值为46.4 h^-1。使用具有相同有机配体及金属离子的NH₂-MIL-125（Ti）及P25为对比催化剂,在相同的光催化条件下,其相应的TOF分别为0.28和0.019 h^-1。催化剂热处理实验表明玻璃球载体对有机钛聚合物的化学稳定性有明显的保护作用,经过300 ℃处理,负载的有机钛聚合物光催化性能仍然稳定,而NH₂-MIL-125（Ti）的光催化活性衰减了54%,这是由于其化学结构及晶体结构被破坏。     

Kinetics of reduction of magnesia with carbon

Reduction kinetics of magnesia with carbon powder was studied using the thermal gravimetric technic in the temperature range of 1743–1883 K. The reduction ratio was determined as a function of time. The effects of compact-forming pressure, composition, partial pressure of CO, sample height, and temperature on reduction ratio were investigated. Experimental results revealed that the gas diffusion including Mg vapor, CO and CO₂ through the porous medium was the rate-determining step of the overall reduction process. Activation energy of the gas diffusion was estimated to be about 30.59 kJ mol⁻¹.     

Interfacial engineering of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-based metal sulfide heterojunction photocatalysts for energy conversion: A review

As one of the most appealing and attractive technologies, photocatalysis is widely used as a promising method to circumvent the environmental and energy problems. Due to its chemical stability and unique physicochemical, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) has become research hotspots in the community. However, g-C₃N₄ photocatalyst still suffers from many problems, resulting in unsatisfactory photocatalytic activity such as low specific surface area, high charge recombination and insufficient visible light utilization. Since 2009, g-C₃N₄-based heterostructures have attracted the attention of scientists worldwide for their greatly enhanced photocatalytic performance. Overall, this review summarizes the recent advances of g-C₃N₄-based nanocomposites modified with transition metal sulfide (TMS), including (1) preparation of pristine g-C₃N₄, (2) modification strategies of g-C₃N₄, (3) design principles of TMS-modified g-C₃N₄ heterostructured photocatalysts, and (4) applications in energy conversion. What is more, the characteristics and transfer mechanisms of each classification of the metal sulfide heterojunction system will be critically reviewed, spanning from the following categories: (1) Type I heterojunction, (2) Type II heterojunction, (3) p-n heterojunction, (4) Schottky junction and (5) Z-scheme heterojunction. Apart from that, the application of g-C₃N₄-based heterostructured photocatalysts in H₂ evolution, CO₂ reduction, N₂ fixation and pollutant degradation will also be systematically presented. Last but not least, this review will conclude with invigorating perspectives, limitations and prospects for further advancing g-C₃N₄-based heterostructured photocatalysts toward practical benefits for a sustainable future.     

预处理条件对用于CO_2加氢的超细CuO－ZnO－SiO_2催化剂性能的影响

采用ＸＲＤ、ＢＥＴ、ＴＰＲ手段，研究了焙烧和还原温度对超细ＣｕＯ－ＺｎＯ－ＳｉＯ２催化剂的性质及其ＣＯ２加氢反应催化活性的影响．胶体在５７３－７７３Ｋ范围内焙烧生成ＣｕＯ、Ｃｕ２Ｏ、ＺｎＯ晶相，随着焙烧温度继续升高，ＣｕＯ和ＺｎＯ晶粒逐渐变大，但催化剂的比表面积和孔容变化很小．在９７３Ｋ焙烧后出现Ｚｎ２ＳｉＯ４晶相，使催化剂比表积和孔容变小，导致催化剂活性降低．焙烧温度对催化剂活性的影响大于对ＣＯ２加氢产物分布的影响．在５４８－６４８Ｋ范围内，催化剂还原温度对其催化活性影响不大．７０３Ｋ高温还原后，可能由于Ｃｕ０晶粒的出现，使得催化剂的活性下降．ＴＰＲ研究结果进一步表明，焙烧温度影响ＣｕＯ同ＺｎＯ、ＳｉＯ２之间的相互作用和催化剂的还原行为．     

活性炭表面含氧基团的生成及对NO的还原作用

活性炭表面含氧基团的生成及对ＮＯ的还原作用＊高志明杨向光吴越＊＊（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所，长春１３００２２）关键词活性炭，一氧化氮，氧化铜，还原，氧化近几年，随着环保研究的开展，活性炭被用于同时脱硫脱硝反应［１］．活性炭的表面化学性质就成为需要...     

B(C6F5)3在有机化学及高分子化学中的应用研究进展

B(C6F5)3与传统的Lewis酸相比,具有化学性质稳定、酸性强、使用方便等优点,被称为非传统的Lewis酸。B(C6F5)3的应用领域已经从最初的烯烃聚合共催化剂向有机化学及高分子化学的其它各个领域发展。B(C6F5)3催化的反应与传统Lewis酸催化的反应在反应机理及反应结果上均有很大的不同。本文主要综述B(C6F5)3近年来在有机化学及高分子化学中的应用研究成果。     

Pd/C催化剂在处理NO反应中的催化行为

研究了不同活性炭负载的Ｐｄ催化剂在ＮＯ＋ＣＯ反应中和单独处理ＮＯ时的催化行为。结果表明，Ｐｄ的引入可大大提高催化活性，且活性与Ｐｄ含量呈顺变关系。不同的载体对催化剂活性有很大影响。     

Reduction of Aldehydes by Fe-H_2O-CO_2 System in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

1 Introduction
Nowadays, green chemistry has received increased attention. The use of water and scCO2 as a solvent or reagent is an important field for organic reactions and green chemistry both in laboratory and industry.     

Application of transition metals in hydroformylation annual survey covering the year 2004

Hydroformylation in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems, and hydroformylation related reactions of carbon monoxide reported in 2004 are reviewed.     

恒电位库仑法研究硫在有机溶剂中的还原过程

实验证明,第1步还原E_(1/2)=-0.96V(文中所有的电位均相对于Ag参比电极);第2步E_(1/2)=-1.56V。该体系的特征是伴随的均相反应具有较低的速率常数,在一般的循环伏安法扫描时间内很难觉察到均相反应的进行。若采取时间窗较长的实验方法,将有利于观察伴随均相反应的动力学效应。恒电位库仑法时间域约为100～     

Reduction Removal of Cr(VI) from Wastewater by CO2·- Deriving from Formate Anion Based on Activated Carbon Catalyzed Persulfate

As a strong reducing radical, carbon dioxide anion radical(CO₂^·-) can be generated by initiating sulfate radical(SO₄^·-) in the presence of formate anions(FA) for Cr(VI) reduction. Moreover, activated carbon(AC)-catalyzed persulfate(PS) oxidation is an economically justifiable, environmentally friendly, and easy-to-scale-up method to produce SO₄^·-. The complete removal of Cr(VI) was achieved within 280 min for an initial Cr(VI) concentration of 50 mg/L under the optional condition of c(AC)=1 g/L, [PS]₀=10 mmol/L, [FA]₀=10 mmol/L, T=30℃, and unadjusted pH. When the molar ratio of FA to PS was greater than or equal to 1, the system maintained a strong reduction state. The mechanism investigation confirmed that FA was converted to carboxyl anion radical(CO₂^·-) as the predominant radical for Cr(VI) reduction. This novel system may offer a potential platform technology for Cr(VI) wastewater treatment.     

A reaction of nitroxides with ethyl mercaptane: A mild method for the conversion of nitroxides into their corresponding amines

Summary The mild reduction of the nitroxides1 a–j to the corresponding sterically hindered amines2 a–j by means of ethyl mercaptane is reported. The reaction mixtures of1 a, b, g were analyzed by glc/ms.

---

Die Reaktion von Nitroxiden mit Ethylmercaptan: Eine milde Methode für die Umsetzung von Nitroxiden zu den entsprechenden Aminen

Zusammenfassung Es wird über die milde Reduktion der Nitroxide1 a–j zu den entsprechenden sterisch gehinderten Aminen2 a–j mittels Ethylmerkaptan berichtet. Die Reaktionsmischungen von1 a, b, g wurden mittels GLC/MS analysiert.