Fonctions lipschitziennes et espaces de Sobolev fractionnaires

We consider a semigroup of Markovian and symmetric operators to which we associate fractional Sobolev spaces D^α_p (0 < α < 1 and 1 < p < ∞) defined as domains of fractional powers (−A_p)^α/2, where A_p is the generator of the semigroup in L^p. We show under rather general assumptions that Lipschitz continuous functions operate by composition on D^α_p if p ≥ 2. This holds in particular in the case of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck semigroup on an abstract Wiener space.     

Théorèmes de trace de type Szegö dans le cas singulier

Let f be a function eiθ→f(eiθ)=|1−eiθ|^2αf₁(eiθ) with f₁ a regular strictly positive function and a real number α in ]−1/2,1/2[?{0}. In a previous paper for such a number α we have obtained the asymptotic behaviour of the entries of the inverse of the Toeplitz matrix TN,f when N goes to infinity. These results allow us to give trace formulas, which extend a classical expression of Szegö's limits theorems.     

Transformation de Fourier des distributions de type positif sur un groupe de Lie unimodulaire

Call a locally compact group G, C¹-unique, if L¹(G) has exactly one (separating) C¹-norm. It is easy to see that a ¹-regular group G is C¹-unique and that a C¹-unique group is amenable. For connected groups G it is proved that G is C¹-unique, if the interior R(G)⁰ of a certain part R(G) of Prim(G), called the regular part of Prim(G), is dense in Prim(G), and that C¹-uniqueness of G implies the density of R(G) in Prim(G). From this it is derived that a connected group of type I is C¹-unique if and only if R(G)⁰ is dense in Prim(G). For exponential G, a quite explicit version of this result in terms of the Lie algebra of G is given. As an easy consequence, examples of amenable groups, which are not C¹-unique, and C¹-unique groups, which are not ¹-regular are obtained. Furthermore it is shown that a connected locally compact group G is amenable if and only if L¹(G) has exactly one C¹-norm, which is invariant under the isometric ¹-automorphisms of L¹(G).     

Arithmétique d'une famille de corps cubiques

In this Note, we study the family of polynomials: P(X)=X³?nX²?n, with n=3^sp₁…p_t, where s=0 or 1 and where the p_i, for 1?i?t, are distinct prime numbers and all different from 3, and (4n²+27)/9^s is squarefree. For this family, we determine the arithmetic invariants of the number field $\text{K=}\text{Q}\text{(α),}$ where α is the only real root of the polynomial P(X), and we find the following results: $\text{O}{}_{\mathrm{K}}\text{=}\text{Z}\text{[α]}$ is the ring of integers of K, d_K=?n²(4n²+27) is the discriminant of K; ε=α²+1 is the fundamental unit of O_K and R_K=Log(α²+1) is the regulator of K. To cite this article: O. Lahlou, M. El Hassani Charkani, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 336 (2003).     

Finite Dimensional de Branges Spaces on Riemann Surfaces

We study certain finite dimensional reproducing kernel indefinite inner product spaces of multiplicative half order differentials on a compact real Riemann surface; these spaces are analogues of the spaces introduced by L. de Branges when the Riemann sphere is replaced by a compact real Riemann surface of a higher genus. In de Branges theory an important role is played by resolvent-like difference quotient operators Rα; here we introduce generalized difference quotient operators Ryα for any non-constant meromorphic function y on the Riemann surface. The spaces we study are invariant under generalized difference quotient operators and can be characterized as finite dimensional indefinite inner product spaces invariant under two operators Ry1αi and Ry2α2, where y1 and y2 generate the field of meromorphic functions on the Riemann surface, which satisfy a supplementary identity, analogous to the de Branges identity for difference quotients. Just as the classical de Branges spaces and difference quotient operators appear in the operator model theory for a single nonselfadjoint (or nonunitary) operator, the spaces we consider and generalized difference quotient operators appear in the model theory for commuting nonselfadjoint operators with finite nonhermitian ranks.     

Calcul fonctionnel par la transformation de Mellin et opérateurs admissibles

Mellin's transform is used to establish a functional calculus of a class of pseudodifferential-operators depending on a small parameter h > 0. We apply for exeample this result to prove the semi-classical behaviour of the discrete spectrum of Schrödinger operators ?h² · Δ + V, and of Dirac operators h ∑_{j = 1}³α_jD_j + α₄ ? V.     

Estimation améliorée explicite d'un degré de confiance conditionnel

We consider the problem of estimating the confidence statement of the usual confidence set, with confidence coefficient 1?α, of the mean of a p-variate normal distribution with identity covariance matrix. For p?5, we give an explicit sufficient condition for domination over the standard estimator 1?α by an estimator correcting it, that is, by 1?α+s where s is a suitable function. That condition mainly relies on a partial differential inequality of the form kΔs+s²?0 (for a certain constant k>0). It allows us to formally establish (with no recourse to simulations) this domination result. To cite this article: D. Fourdrinier, P. Lepelletier, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 337 (2003).     

Quasirecognition by prime graph of 2 D n (3α) where n = 4m + 1 ≥ 21 and α is odd

Let G be a finite group. The prime graph of G is denoted by Γ(G). In this paper, as the main result, we show that if G is a finite group such that Γ(G) = Γ(² D _n (3^α)), where n = 4m+ 1 and α is odd, then G has a unique non-Abelian composition factor isomorphic to ² D _n (3^α). We also show that if G is a finite group satisfying |G| = |² D _n (3^α)|, and Γ(G) = Γ(² D _n (3^α)), then G ? ² D _n (3^α). As a consequence of our result, we give a new proof for a conjecture of Shi and Bi for ² D _n (3^α). Application of this result to the problem of recognition of finite simple groups by the set of element orders are also considered. Specifically, it is proved that ² D _n (3^α) is quasirecognizable by the spectrum.     

Schauder estimates for oblique derivative problems

We prove that the solution of the oblique derivative parabolic problem in a noncylindrical domain Ω^T belongs to the anisotropic Holder space C^{2+α, 1+α/2}(gwT) 0 < α < 1, even if the nonsmooth “lateral boundary” of Ω^T is only of class C^{1+α, (1+α)/2}). As a corollary, we also obtain an a priori estimate in the Hölder space C^2+α(Ω₀) for a solution of the oblique derivative elliptic problem in a domain Ω₀ whose boundary belongs only to the classe C^1+α.     

Multipliers from L1(G) to a Lipschitz space

Let G be a metric locally compact Abelian group. We prove that the spaces (L₁, Lip(α, p)), (L₁, lip(α, p)), Lip(α, p) and lip(α, p)^~ are isometrically isomorphic, where Lip(α, p) and lip(α, p) denote the Lipschitz spaces defined on G, (L₁, A) is the space of multipliers from L₁ to A, and lip(α, p)^~ denotes the relative completion of lip(α, p). We also show that $\text{L}{}_1\text{1}\text{Lip}\text{(α, p) =}\text{lip}\text{(α, p) = L}{}_1\text{1}\text{lip}\text{(α, p)}$.     

Estimations anisotropes dans les convexes de type fini

Let Ω be a smoothly bounded convex domain of finite type m and f be a (0,1)-form -closed in Ω. It is proved that the equation admits a solution u belonging to the space Λ1(Ω) (respectively to the anisotropic space Γ^α_(ρ) of McNeal-Stein, for all α,0<α<1/m) if the anisotropic norm - introduced by Bruna-Charpentier-Dupain - is finite (respectively if the Euclidian norm ‖f‖_∞ of the form f is finite).     

Extremal traces on some group-invariant C1-algebras

Let $\text{U}$ be a UHF-algebra of Glimm type n^∞, and {α_g: g?G} a strongly continuous group of ¹-automorphisms of product type on $\text{U}$, for G compact. Let $\text{U}$^α be the C¹-subalgebra of fixed elements of $\text{U}$. We show that any extremal normalized trace on $\text{U}$^α arises as the restriction of a symmetric product state ? on $\text{U}$ of the form ? = ?_k?1 ω. As an example we classify the extremal traces on $\text{U}$^α for the case G = SU(n), α_g = ?_{k ? 1} Ad(g).     

Arithmetical progressions formed byk different Lehmer pseudoprimes

LetU _n=(αⁿ-β²)/(α-β) forn odd andU _n=(αⁿ-βⁿ)/(α²-β²) for evenn, where α and β are distinct roots of the trinomialf(z)=z ²-√Lz+Q andL>0 andQ are rational integers.U _n is then-th Lehmer number connected withf(z). A compositen is a Lehmer pseudoprime for the bases α and β ifU _n??(n)≡0 (modn), where?(n)=(LD/n) is the Jacobi symbol. IfD=L?4Q>0, U _n denotesn-th Lehmer number,p>3 and 2p?1 are primes,p(2p-1)+(α²-β²)², (α^2p-1±β^2p-1)/(α±β) are composite then the numbers (α^2p-1+β^2p-1)/(α+β), (α^2p-β^2p)/(α²-β²), (α^2p-1-β^2p-1)/(α-β) are lehmer pseudoprimes for the bases α and β and form an arithmetical progression. IfD>0 then from hypothesisH of A. Schinzel on polynomials it follows that for every positive integerk there exists infinitely many arithmetic progressions formed fromk different Lehmer pseudoprimes for the bases α and β.     

Hyperbolicité relative des suspensions de groupes hyperboliques

After introducing the notion of group automorphism hyperbolic relative to a family of subgroups, we establish an analog of the Bestvina–Feighn's Combination Theorem for mapping-tori groups $\text{G}{}_{\mathrm{\alpha }}\text{=G?}{}_{\mathrm{\alpha }}\text{Z}$ of relatively hyperbolic automorphisms α of hyperbolic groups G. Both Farb's and Gromov's relative hyperbolicity are considered. To cite this article: F. Gautero, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 336 (2003).     

Extension de quelques theoremes sur les densites de series d'elements de n a des series de sous-ensembles finis de n

For a sequence A = {A_k} of finite subsets of N we introduce: $\text{δ(A) =}\text{inf}{}_{\mathrm{m?n}}\text{A(m)}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{n}}$, $\text{d(A) =}\text{lim inf}{}_{\mathrm{n\to \infty }}\text{A(n)}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{n}}$, where A(m) is the number of subsets A_k ? {1, 2, …, m}.The collection of all subsets of {1, …, n} together with the operation $\text{a ∪ b, (a ∩ b), (a 1 b = a ∪ b ? a ∩ b)}$ constitutes a finite semi-group N^∪ (semi-group N^∩) (group $\text{N}{}^1$). For N^∪, N^∩ we prove analogues of the Erdös-Landau theorem: δ(A+B) ? δ(A)(1+(2λ)^?1(1?δ(A>))), where B is a base of N of the average order λ. We prove for $\text{N}{}^{\mathrm{\cup }}\text{, N}{}^{\mathrm{\cap }}\text{, N}{}^1$ analogues of Schnirelmann's theorem (that δ(A) + δ(B) > 1 implies δ(A + B) = 1) and the inequalities λ ? 2h, where h is the order of the base.We introduce the concept of divisibility of subsets: a|b if b is a continuation of a. We prove an analog of the Davenport-Erdös theorem: if d(A) > 0, then there exists an infinite sequence {A_kr}, where A_kr | A_kr+1 for r = 1, 2, …. In Section 6 we consider for $\text{N∪, N∩, N1}$ analogues of Rohrbach inequality: $\text{2n}\text{? g(n) ? 2}\text{n}$, where g(n) = min k over the subsets {a₁ < … < a_k} ? {0, 1, 2, …, n}, such that every m? {0, 1, 2, …, n} can be expressed as m = a_i + a_j.Pour une série A = {A_k} de sous-ensembles finis de N on introduit les densités: $\text{δ(A) =}\text{inf}{}_{\mathrm{m?n}}\text{A(m)}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{m}}$, $\text{d(A) =}\text{lim inf}{}_{\mathrm{n\to \infty }}\text{A(n)}\text{2}{}^{\mathrm{n}}$ où A(m) est le nombre d'ensembles A_k ? {1, 2, …, m}. L'ensemble de toutes les parties de {1, 2, …, n} devient, pour les opérations $\text{a ∪ b, a ∩ b, a 1 b = a ∪ b ? a ∩ b}$, un semi-groupe fini N^∪, N^∩ ou un groupe N¹ respectivement. Pour N^∪, N^∩ on démontre l'analogue du théorème de Erdös-Landau: δ(A + B) ? δ(A)(1 + (2λ)^?1(1?δ(A))), où B est une base de N d'ordre moyen λ. On démontre pour $\text{N}{}^{\mathrm{\cup }}\text{, N}{}^{\mathrm{\cap }}\text{, N}{}^1$ l'analogue du théorème de Schnirelmann (si δ(A) + δ(B) > 1, alors δ(A + B) = 1) et les inégalités λ ? 2h, où h est l'ordre de base. On introduit le rapport de divisibilité des enembles: a|b, si b est une continuation de a. On démontre l'analogue du théorème de Davenport-Erdös: si d(A) > 0, alors il existe une sous-série infinie {A_kr}, où A_kr|A_kr+1, pour r = 1, 2, … . Dans le Paragraphe 6 on envisage pour N^∪, $\text{N}{}^{\mathrm{\cap }}\text{, N}{}^1$ les analogues de l'inégalité de Rohrbach: $\text{2n}\text{? g(n) ? 2}\text{n}$, où g(n) = min k pour les ensembles {a₁ < … < a_k} ? {0, 1, 2, …, n} tels que pour tout m? {0, 1, 2, …, n} on a m = a_i + a_j.     

Higher order numerical methods for solving fractional differential equations

In this paper we introduce higher order numerical methods for solving fractional differential equations. We use two approaches to this problem. The first approach is based on a direct discretisation of the fractional differential operator: we obtain a numerical method for solving a linear fractional differential equation with order 0<α<1. The order of convergence of the numerical method is O(h ^3?α ). Our second approach is based on discretisation of the integral form of the fractional differential equation and we obtain a fractional Adams-type method for a nonlinear fractional differential equation of any order α>0. The order of convergence of the numerical method is O(h ³) for α≥1 and O(h ^1+2α ) for 0<α≤1 for sufficiently smooth solutions. Numerical examples are given to show that the numerical results are consistent with the theoretical results.     

Trace Estimates for Relativistic Stable Processes

In this paper, we study the asymptotic behavior, as the time t goes to zero, of the trace of the semigroup of a killed relativistic α-stable process in bounded C ^1,1 open sets and bounded Lipschitz open sets. More precisely, we establish the asymptotic expansion in terms of t of the trace with an error bound of order t ^2/α t ^?d/α for C ^1,1 open sets and of order t ^1/α t ^?d/α for Lipschitz open sets. Compared with the corresponding expansions for stable processes, there are more terms between the orders t ^?d/α and t ^(2?d)/α for C ^1,1 open sets, and, when α∈(0,1], between the orders t ^?d/α and t ^(1?d)/α for Lipschitz open sets.     

Bargaining among groups: an axiomatic viewpoint

We introduce a model of bargaining among groups, and characterize a family of solutions using a Consistency axiom and a few other invariance and monotonicity properties. For each solution in the family, there exists some constant α ≥ 0 such that the “bargaining power” of a group is proportional to c ^α , where c is the cardinality of the group.     

On Cohen braids

For a general connected surface M and an arbitrary braid α from the surface braid group B _n?1(M), we study the system of equations d ₁ β = … = d _n β = α, where the operation d _i is the removal of the ith strand. We prove that for M ≠ S ² and M ≠ ?P², this system of equations has a solution β ∈ B _n (M) if and only if d ₁ α = … = d _n?1 α. We call the set of braids satisfying the last system of equations Cohen braids. We study Cohen braids and prove that they form a subgroup. We also construct a set of generators for the group of Cohen braids. In the cases of the sphere and the projective plane we give some examples for a small number of strands.     

Sous-espaces de L

A typical result of the paper isTheorem. LetE be a reflexive subspace ofL ¹ (Ω, A, P) [(Ω,A, P) a probability space]. IfE contains a subspace isomorphic to l^p then for every ε > 0,E contains a subspace (1 + ε) isomorphic to l^p. The technics are probability theory and ultraproducts.