抛射体运动的实验研究

1、实验原理及装置 1．1实验原理质量为m的小球以v0初速度做抛射体运动，其轨道方程为。     

用图解法求出抛射体在弹道上各点的速度

目的抛射体运动的轨迹称为弹道。如图1所示,设抛射体从点O射出,与横轴OX成角θ,它的速度是v,在空气阻力不计时,弹道是一抛物线OPQ。点P是弹道的最高点。     

抛射体运动方程的非近似解的一种求法

给出一种在考虑地球自转情况下求解抛射体运动方程的非近似解的较简便方法。     

平方律阻力下抛射体运动的一种解法

本文求出了平方律阻力下运动的抛射体,以斜率 f′为参数的非线性微分方程解的积分表示式,讨论了其物理意义,还得到射程的近似解析表达式.     

投篮球、推铅球和掷手榴弹的力学--物理与体育系列专题之九

投篮球入篮、推铅球和掷手榴弹这三种常见的运动，可以用比较简单的抛射体运动的计算方法和公式来统一处理．这是因为，篮球、铅球和手榴弹在空中运动的速度不大，我们主要关心重心位置的变化，空气阻力影响可以忽略不计(参看下面所给的参考数据)．本文将分别讨论有关这三种运动的一些有实际意义的有趣味的问题．     

抛射体运动的飞行路径与抛射角的关系

在忽略空气阻力的情况下,抛射体运动的飞行路径长度与抛射初速度的平方成正比;运用Matlab可比较容易地证明,当抛射角为56.49°时,飞行路径最长.     

"转柱法测液体粘度"实验中的速度问题

通过理论计算得到了“转柱法测液体粘度”实验中砝码下落达到匀速所需要的时间和运动距离。     

用水流法测重力加速度

测重力加速度有很多方法,本文介绍一种新的实验方法——水流法。通过水流的斜抛运动产生的抛物线来测量重力加速度。一、仪器实验装置见图1。容器工和容器5固定     

落球半径对测量粘度的影响

用实验和图解方法研究了落球法测粘度实验中落球半径对粘度测量的影响，给出了落球速度、运动距离与半径的关系，讨论了有限边界对速度的影响。     

“探究功与速度变化的关系”两种实验方案

设计了"斜坡法"和"平抛运动法"两种探究功与速度变化的关系实验方案,并做了讨论和验证.     

向心加速度公式的教具制作及其教学研究——基于Tracker和Phyphox软件的定量探究

从教具制作、定量实验探究和教学启示等三方面来探究匀速圆周运动的向心加速度公式,即利用自制教具探究向心加速度a c与圆周运动半径r和角速度ω之间的定量关系.实验发现,结果非常好地符合理论预期.最后讨论了该教具所蕴含的教学启示,可以将其设计成适合高中物理教学的验证性、探究性实验及课外科创活动,从而培养学生的科学探究能力、科学推理能力、动手协作能力和问题解决能力.本教具还提供了测量当地重力加速度的一种新方法.     

关于矢量-张量引力相互作用模型

本文从粒子运动方程出发证明了矢量-张量引力模型中反引力的存在,这种反引力如果以长程力的形式出现,将使得粒子的运动偏离短程线。在牛顿近似和弱场近似下,相应于矢量场的反引力与相应于张量场的吸引力互相抵消,使得检验粒子在球对称静态引力场中的加速度为零,这显然与牛顿万有引力现象矛盾。 关键词：     

Experimental determination of the free-fall acceleration of a relativistic charged particle. I. Relativistic relation between the observed velocity and acceleration of the free-fall

This paper discusses the relativistic relation between the observed velocity and acceleration of free fall, which was obtained previously by the author. The contradiction is shown between this relation and the experimental results on the equivalence of gravitational and inertial mass. For the measurement of the free-fall acceleration of a relativistic charged particle, it is proposed that use be made of a uniform magnetic field limiting the region of motion of the particle, which is performing a free fall along the direction of the field.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 7, pp. 25–28, July, 1979.     

二级轻气炮弹丸速度过程测量实验技术研究

 针对二级轻气炮发射管的特性，设计了测量景深长达13 m的光纤探头，选择条纹常数为100 m/s的高灵敏度激光干涉测速仪，结合任意反射面激光干涉测速技术进行了实验，测量了发射口径Φ32 mm、长度12 m的二级轻气炮弹丸发射过程，测得弹丸运动距离11.3 m时的速度为3 960 m/s，与磁测速的结果一致，通过实验测得的速度历史，进而获得弹丸在发射管内的加速度过程，为炮内弹道研究提供了更直接的实验数据。     

Energy conservation and the principle of equivalence

If the equivalence principle is violated, then observers performing local experiments can detect effects due to their position in an external gravitational environment (preferred-location effects) or can detect effects due to their velocity through some preferred frame (preferred-frame effects). We show that the principle of energy conservation implies a quantitative connection between such effects and structure-dependence of the gravitational acceleration of test bodies (violation of the Weak Equivalence Principle). We analyze this connection within a general theoretical framework that encompasses both non-gravitational local experiments and test bodies as well as gravitational experiments and test bodies, and we use it to discuss specific experimental tests of the equivalence principle, including non-gravitational tests such as gravitational redshift experiments, Eötvös experiments, the Hughes-Drever experiment, and the Turner-Hill experiment, and gravitational tests such as the lunar-laser-ranging “Eötvös” experiment, and measurements of anisotropies and variations in the gravitational constant. This framework is illustrated by analyses within two theoretical formalisms for studying gravitational theories: the PPN formalism, which deals with the motion of gravitating bodies within metric theories of gravity, and the TH?μ formalism that deals with the motion of charged particles within all metric theories and a broad class of non-metric theories of gravity.     

整体单极子黑洞引力场中的加速效应

给出了含有整体单极子的黑洞的引力场中试验粒子加速度的表达式, 讨论了整体单极子对加速效应的贡献. 结果表明, 由于整体单极子的存在, 产生了斥力效应; 当速度趋近于光速时, 中性粒子在引力场中受到了斥力作用. 这是牛顿力学中所没有的.     

基于转镜跟踪目标的分析与计算

基于高速CCD相机主光轴的转镜弹道同步跟踪系统,研究了高速飞行弹丸飞行姿态和飞行速度的问题,利用转镜的反射原理和转镜运动规律,建立了转镜随弹丸运动的时空关系模型和转镜运动参数的数学模型,并推导转镜运动参数与弹丸飞行速度和弹道距转镜中心垂直高度之间的数学关系;在理论分析的基础上,用MATLAB分析了转镜视场内的弹道宽度随时间变化的规律以及转镜转角和角加速度随时间变化的规律,得到在某一时刻转镜视场的大小以及转镜参数的变化曲线;给出了转镜尺寸、扫描速率曲线和最大离散速度等主要参数的计算方法,分析了它们对整个跟踪系统的影响。针对系统设置参数为h=150 m, v=300 m/s时进行仿真,仿真结果表明本系统可实现对高速弹丸的同步跟踪。     

The AEgIS antihydrogen gravity experiment

The experimental program of the AEgIS experiment at CERN’s AD complex aims to perform the first measurement of the gravitational interaction of antimatter, initially to a precision of about 1%, to ascertain the veracity of Einstein’s Weak Equivalence Principle for antimatter. As gravity is very much weaker than electromagnetic forces, such an experiment can only be done using neutral antimatter. The antihydrogen atoms also need to be very cold for the effects of gravity to be visible above the noise of thermal motion. This makes the experiment very challenging and has necessitated the introduction of several new techniques into the experimental field of antihydrogen studies, such as pulsed formation of antihydrogen via 3-body recombination with excited state positronium and the subsequent acceleration of the formed antihydrogen using electric gradients (Stark acceleration). The gravity measurement itself will be performed using a classical Moire deflectometer. Here we report on the present state of the experiment and the prospects for the near future.     

On the pressure of gravitational waves

A system of coupled point masses under the influence of gravitational waves is considered. By means of the geodesic deviation equation as the equation of motion it is shown, taking into account the second order small terms, that there exist forces which cause the acceleration of the system in the longitudinal direction. The longitudinal force is due to the fact that simultaneously with energy momentum is also absorbed from waves. It is proved directly on the basis of the equations of motion of the point masses that the energy and momentum absorbed by the test system obey the special relativistic relationship of a zero rest mass particle. The case when the Weber oscillator moves at a relativistic speed with respect to the source of gravitational waves is also examined. In this case, the absorption of energy and momentum by the Weber oscillator is much larger or smaller compared to the stationary situation.     

平衡炮实验弹丸膛内过载计算模型及应用

 针对平衡炮的具体结构特点,为了精确计算弹丸膛内过载变化过程,利用经典内弹道法对某口径的平衡炮进行了仿真计算,得出了内弹道诸元随时间的变化曲线,再根据膛压与过载的关系,推导出了过载随时间变化的曲线图,理论计算与实验结果相吻合,该计算方法可为此类火炮的内弹道参数评估和弹丸设计提供依据。