Optical inspection by internal reflection and spatial filtering

Some optical techniques for surface inspection applications are described. Paper texture is analyzed by a frustrated-total-internal-reflection method followed by spatial filtering of the diffracted pattern. Fibre-optics and micro-lenses are used to obtain a rugged and flexible sensor. Similar sensors are used for defect monitoring of roughly-polished surfaces. The practical aspects of sensor manufacture, speckle and vignetting considerations are discussed.     

Optical filtering and switching using counter-propagating wavelength converter

A high-efficiency optical filter, based on a counter-propagating wavelength converter in ZnTe, is theoretically demonstrated. The filter has extremely narrow bandwidth of 0.5 Å corresponding to pump 0.3 W power and 1 cm length of quasi-phase-matching (QPM) grating, tunable over several nanometers of bandwidth by combination of the grating length and pump power variation. The presented scheme is also a candidate for a wavelength-dependant switch.     

Optical wavelength filtering by diffraction from a surface relief

We present an analytical solution to the problem of finding a diffractive surface relief that generates a specific optical amplitude and phase spectral reflection in a particular direction. We show that any discrete finite impulse response filter can be generated to within a multiplicative constant at nonzero frequencies. We propose an implementation of such a filter that works in the visible and the near infrared, based on a two-dimensional array of dual-state tiltable mirrors. A 1024 x 1024 array results in a 1024-tap filter with 10-bit quantization of the impulse response. The applications of such a device include spectroscopy and wavelength-division multiplex switching.     

Optical resonances and angular filtering functionality of subwavelength hyperbolic etalons

We show that a slab of subwavelength thickness can exhibit etalon resonances and can provide angular filtering functionality at optical wavelengths if it is filled by an anisotropic medium whose principal permittivities have different signs (hyperbolic medium) and have amplitudes smaller than one. This is possible since extraordinary plane waves hyperbolic dispersion allows the vacuum radiation to couple with medium plane waves whose longitudinal wavenumbers are sufficiently large to allow the settlement of standing waves within the nanometric slab thickness. We consider a mixture of metal nanoparticles dispersed within a liquid crystal matrix and we show that it can be designed to exhibit the considered unusual optical response.     

Optical parametric chirped-pulse-amplification contrast enhancement by regenerative pump spectral filtering

We demonstrate an approach to fundamentally improve the contrast of optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifiers (OPCPA). The instantaneous parametric gain couples the temporal variations of the pump-pulse intensity to spectral variations of the intensity of the stretched signal pulse being amplified, which significantly degrade the temporal contrast of the amplified pulse after recompression. Simple and efficient pump-intensity noise reduction in an OPCPA system using a volume Bragg grating in a regenerative amplifier demonstrates contrast improvements up to 30 dB.     

Optical image encryption with multistage and multichannel fractional Fourier-domain filtering

We present a novel image-encryption algorithm that employs multichannel and multistage fractional Fourier-domain filtering architecture. We perform the encryption and decryption by randomly filtering the spatial frequency of the image and then recombining the information from the algorithm in a multistage fractional Fourier domain with pure random-intensity-encoded masks and their complements in a multichannel scheme. The algorithm can be implemented iteratively in an electro-optical setup. Numerical simulations have verified the validity of the algorithm.     

用于相位恢复和滤波的光折变材料光学特性

采用后重氮偶合法,合成了一种新型含咔唑类聚磷腈有机光折变材料。采用氢谱核磁共振法,红外光谱法,紫外-可见吸收光谱法,热重法和差示扫描量热法对该聚合物进行表征和分析,结果表明,该聚合物具有良好的热稳定性,在230℃开始分解,450℃时基本分解完全。UV-Vis表明波长在360nm与570nm之间的宽的吸收带是由于共轭长度的增加产生的,因此可以调整参加偶合反应的重氮盐比例,来控制偶氮生色团功能组分的接入含量。在未使用外加电场及事先极化的条件下对聚合物进行了二波耦合与四波混频实验,证明了聚合物的光折变特性。得到聚合物P-2和P-3的二波耦合增益系数分别为38cm-1和53.6cm-1,聚合物P-2和P-3的四波混频衍射效率分别为2.7%和8.1%。     

波导耦合纳米光栅结构的光学滤波和角分辨调谐特性

利用干涉光刻技术制备了波导耦合纳米光栅结构,系统研究了其波导共振模式的角分辨调谐特性及其对光栅参数、入射光偏振特性的依赖关系,并作了相应的理论模拟.特别研究了光栅周期和厚度对波导共振模式角分辨调谐速率的影响.实验结果对于器件进一步应用于滤波、生物传感技术具有重要的指导意义. 关键词： 波导耦合光栅 干涉光刻 角分辨 调谐速率     

Optical scatter imaging: subcellular morphometry in situ with Fourier filtering

We demonstrate a quantitative optical scatter imaging (OSI) technique, based on Fourier filtering, for detecting alterations in the size of particles with wavelength-scale dimensions. We generate our scatter image by taking the ratio of images collected at high and low numerical aperture in central dark-field microscopy. Such an image spatially encodes the ratio of wide to narrow angle scatter and hence provides a measure of local particle size. We validated OSI on sphere suspensions and live cells. In live cells, OSI revealed biochemically induced morphological changes that were not apparent in unprocessed differential interference contrast images. Unlike high-resolution imaging methods, OSI can provide size information for particles smaller than the camera's spatial resolution.     

用于相位恢复和滤波的光折变材料光学特性

采用后重氮偶合法,合成了一种新型含咔唑类聚磷腈有机光折变材料。采用氢谱核磁共振法,红外光谱法,紫外-可见吸收光谱法,热重法和差示扫描量热法对该聚合物进行表征和分析,结果表明,该聚合物具有良好的热稳定性,在230 ℃开始分解,450 ℃时基本分解完全。UV-Vis表明波长在360 nm与570 nm之间的宽的吸收带是由于共轭长度的增加产生的,因此可以调整参加偶合反应的重氮盐比例,来控制偶氮生色团功能组分的接入含量。在未使用外加电场及事先极化的条件下对聚合物进行了二波耦合与四波混频实验,证明了聚合物的光折变特性。得到聚合物P-2和P-3的二波耦合增益系数分别为38 cm-1和53.6 cm-1,聚合物P-2和P-3的四波混频衍射效率分别为2.7%和8.1%。     

Optical differentiation of displacement patterns using double diffraction and spatial filtering

A simple technique of optical differentiation of displacement patterns is proposed. It utilizes a single copy of a distorted diffraction grating and a plane mirror. The principle of operation, together with experimental results and the comparison with previously described differentiation methods are given.     

用于图像高压缩比编码的方向滤波器的光学实现

本文针对光学与数字技术结合的实现图像高压缩比编码的一种方案——方向滤波方法提出利用补偿滤波技术来保持图像边缘信息,从而利用光学滤波技术实现数字滤波运算,给出高达30:1的高压缩比编码结果.     

Optical detection of mechanically damaged areas on manufactured metal parts by spatial frequency filtering

An inspection of mechanically damaged areas on manufactured metal parts is necessary to produce high-quality products. A scanning probe on a sample is necessary for a conventional surface inspection system, which is time-consuming. We propose a novel high-speed detection method for defects on metal surfaces with rolling indentations. To obtain a large field of view in a measurement, we used a laser sheet that was expanded with a laser line generator and also used an expanded collimated beam, rather than a small laser spot as used in conventional techniques. Furthermore, we used an obliquely incident laser beam to suppress the effect of the rolling indentations surrounding defects, and also applied spatial frequency filtering to extract only defects. The spatial frequency filtering under oblique incidence is theoretically explained and defect extraction was investigated in experiments.     

光梳主动滤波放大实现锶原子光钟二级冷却光源

提出一种结合注入锁定技术的主动滤波放大方法,将光梳直接注入锁定至光栅外腔半导体激光器,产生窄线宽激光光源,该光源可以用于锶原子光钟二级冷却.实验中,将中心波长为689 nm,带宽为10 nm的光梳种子光源注入689 nm光栅式外腔半导体激光器,通过半导体增益光谱与半导体光栅外腔,从飞秒光梳的多个纵模梳齿中挑选出一个纵模模式来进行增益放大,再通过模式竞争,实现单纵模连续光输出;同时,光梳的重复频率锁定在线宽为赫兹量级的698 nm超稳激光光源上,因此,注入锁定后输出的窄线宽激光也继承了超稳激光光源的光谱特性.利用得到的输出功率为12 mW的689 nm窄线宽激光光源实现了88Sr原子光钟的二级冷却过程,最终获得温度为3μK,原子数约为5×10~6的冷原子团.该方法可拓展至原子光钟其他光源的获得,从而实现原子光钟的集成化和小型化.     

Inverse filtering

Inverse filtering is a noninvasive method of producing a glottogram thought to reflect the vibratory motions of the vocal fold. The flow glottogram provides information related to the type of phonation, the sound pressure level, the regularity of vocal fold vibrations, and to the presence or absence of vocal fold closure. Limited data, speech samples, filter tuning, and lack of unanimity on waveform display and interpretation have contributed to slow application of the techniques to the clinical population. The author argues the technique has utility in both diagnosis and treatment     

Interferometric spatial filtering

Spatial filters are realised interferometrically by the inclusion of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer in a spatial filtering system.     

Polarization filtering in strip-guides

The application of the cut-off effect in the building of polarizers in strip-guides is investigated. Different structures, already realized in the case of slab-guides, are considered. The dispersion curves of ion-exchanged glass strip-guides were computed by the effective-index method and were then used to model the investigated structures. The results obtained show that a cut-off polarizer can be relatively easily constructed in a strip-guide with only one transverse mode. In the multimode case the application of the investigated structures is often complicated and sometimes impossible.     

基于Stiefel流形的粒子滤波器研究

为了解决粒子滤波的粒子退化和粒子多样性丧失问题,提出了一种基于Stiefel流形的粒子滤波算法.该算法将系统模型置于Stiefel流形上,用朗之万分布描述过程转移概率分布,用矩阵正态分布表示似然函数分布,在流形分布上进行粒子采样.在计算加权粒子的均值时,将流形嵌入到欧氏空间中,先计算欧氏空间中的粒子均值,再将计算结果投影到嵌套流形上,这就排除了噪声统计特性对粒子权重方差的影响,得到了一种受系统状态模型限制较少的重要性概率密度函数通用选择方案.仿真时选取单变量非静态增长模型,仿真结果验证了该算法的实时性、鲁棒性,滤波精度和滤波效率均比无味粒子滤波算法更好.     

Dispersion management with filtering

We present analytical and numerical results for dispersion-managed solitons in a fiber link including guiding filters and compensating gain, both taken in the distributed approximation. Stationary propagation regimes with anomalous, zero, and normal path-average dispersion (PAD) are identified. New features, compared with those of the case without filters, are the absence of a critical strength for propagation at zero and normal PAD and, instead, the existence of a critical power for stationary propagation at any PAD.