A Device for Phase Shift Measurement in an Advanced Phase Doppler Velocimeter

Construction and performance of a printed circuit board is described that is built for phase measurement in a state-of-the-art phase Doppler system. Special requirements in treating phase Doppler signals are highlighted and shown to be met satisfactorily by an innovative electronic design that involves signal burst detection, multi-bit sampling, frequency-band narrowing, and phase signal validation based on integrated amplitude and waveform recognition. Performance of the device is measured in terms of phase accuracy for various signal-to-noise ratios, signal frequencies and operating temperatures. The present device is also compared with some alternative techniques for phase measurement.     

Heterodyne interferometer for displacement measurement with amplitude quadrature and noise suppression

The high precision displacement measurement in nanoscale is crucial to many applications. We present a heterodyne interferometry with differential phase to amplitude conversion scheme for displacement measurement in nanoscale. In this approach, the differential phase introduced by the displacement is converted into the amplitudes of heterodyne signals in quadrature. Meanwhile, the heterodyne signals in phase quadrature are also achieved so that the displacement can be determined from the amplitude ratio of the quadrature signals, and the direction of displacement can be determined from the phase quadrature. Since the differential phase to quadrature amplitude conversion is achieved through the optical addition and subtraction by polarization tuning, which are based on differential detection concept. Thus the proposed method benefits from the features of differential detection with common phase noise and correlated amplitude noise rejection and that of quadrature detection with real time and wide dynamic range of phase measurement. To demonstrate the capability of proposed method in differential phase measurement, we measure the displacement drove by a commercially available PZT pusher and found close agreement between the experiment and the theory. The experimental evidence of noise suppression is also found with spectral measurements, which demonstrates the resolution of displacement measurement at 60 pm and minimum detectable differential phase of 5.6 × 10⁻⁶ rad/ over 50 kHz.     

光纤气体传感器解调方法的研究

利用可调谐激光光谱技术并结合二次谐波检测的波长调制方法对气体浓度进行检测,大大提高了检测灵敏度.然而光的传输和电路自身延时都会产生未知的相位延时,含有气体浓度信息的被测信号和二倍频参考信号的相位差变化严重影响二次谐波信号测量结果.本文设计出一种4路乘法锁相解调电路,设计中分别用正弦信号和余弦信号对被测信号进行解调,经积分电路后得到两路分别与相位差的正弦值和余弦值相关的解调信号.将两路解调信号平方,再通过加法器相加后消除相位差,得到完全与相位差无关的幅值信号.实验证明当被测信号相位在0°—90°变化时,解调 关键词： 可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱 波长调制 解调电路 相位差     

Analysis of optical signals of the pico-and femtosecond ranges and of the character of action of a probed medium on the radiation

The solution of the phase problem in optics as applied to the analysis of time-dependent signals and the character of action of a medium under study on the probing radiation is considered using a two-beam interferometer with phase modulation in one of the channels and a spectral device. The analysis relates, in particular, to ultrashort signals and processes. To ensure a frequency shift in the interferometer channel, an electro-optic crystal of the type of ferroelectric perovskites was used as a modulator. The analysis of errors for the amplitude and phase structures determined is performed.     

Hilbert transform for processing of laser Doppler vibrometer signals

A first application of the digital Hilbert transform for processing of laser Doppler vibrometer signals is considered. The possibility of vibration amplitude measurement with a relation errors less than 1% in the amplitude interval 0.1-10Λ, where Λ is the fringe spacing, and the linear velocity measurement of the examined object has been proved. The analysis of the amplitude measurement errors is given. The applications of the method under review are discussed.     

大气湍流对多抖动法相干合成技术中相位调制信号的影响

分析了大气湍流对采用多抖动法实现的相干合成阵列光束中相位调制信号的影响. 文章首先根据广义惠更斯-菲涅耳原理,采用折射率结构函数对大气湍流进行描述,推导了多抖动法相干合成中阵列光束通过大气湍流后相位调制信号的一般表达式. 在此基础上进行数值模拟,分析了传输距离、湍流强度、光束阵列占空比和光斑尺寸等因素对相位调制信号的影响. 研究发现随着传输距离的增大,相位调制信号强度会先增大后减小,存在一个极大值点;随着湍流强度的增强,相位调制信号强度极大值点的出现距离不断缩短;当光束阵列占空比一定时,随着光斑尺寸的增大 关键词： 大气湍流 相干合成 多抖动法 相位调制     

叠栅条纹信号细分误差的一种动态补偿方法

缺乏有效的误差补偿方法足制约长光栅测最精度提高的关键原因之一.提出一种动态的误差补偿方法.可以消除由直流漂移、两路信号不等幅和非止交导致的细分误差.其原理是跟踪光栅信号在一个周期上的8个特征值点(正余弦信号的过零点及绝对值交点),从特征值点的幅度值中首先分解出正弦信号的直流漂移误差.对其进行补偿;然后继续跟踪补偿后的信号.从中义能分解出余弦信号的直流漂移误差.再补偿.再跟踪.又能依次分解出不等幅误差和非正交误差.最多只需要3个光栅信号周期,就能对三种误差依次实现补偿.分析了谐波对该方法的影响并提出r改进措施.实验证实了该方法的有效性.     

Measurement of the power density of electromagnetic radiation by the method of microwave nonstationary spectroscopy

We present a new method for measurement of the microwave power based on the analysis of transient signals of gas molecules. These signals arise due to the phase switch of microwave radiation, which interacts with molecular rotational transition with frequency equal to that of the radiation. The method allows one to measure the amplitude of radiation via determination of the Rabi frequency. This approach is especially preferable in the submillimeter wavelength range.     

S波段相对论速调管放大器的相位测量

 基于高频信号相位测量原理,提出了S波段相对论速调管放大器相位测量的方法。对S波段800 kW速调管放大器进行了验证实验,并测试了S波段相对论速调管放大器的相位。实验结果表明：速调管输入和输出微波相位差随束压升高而减小,随束流升高而增大,微波相位差不随注入微波功率大小和磁场变化而变化。     

All-optical regeneration of DQPSK/QPSK signals based on phase-sensitive amplification

An all-optical regeneration scheme for DQPSK and QPSK signals using phase-sensitive amplifiers (PSAs) is studied and its effectiveness is investigated through numerical simulations. By leveraging the ability of PSAs to provide phase and amplitude regenerative amplification, we show significant simultaneous suppression of both phase and amplitude noises of (D)QPSK signals under optimized conditions. The reduction in the phase noise variance of a noise-corrupted DQPSK signal obtained by one such regenerative amplification can be as large as ∼5.5 folds, showing its good potential for distributed optical regeneration of (D)QPSK signals.     

超声波电源中数字鉴相器设计

超声波电源系统中电压电流相位差测量精度影响着换能器振幅稳定性以及系统工作效率。目前基于异或门原理,采用分立数字芯片实现鉴相的方案,存在信号调理电路复杂、线性范围小、精度低等问题。为提高电压电流鉴相精度,该文提出了一种数字鉴相器设计。该数字鉴相器采用正交解调原理鉴相,并使用坐标旋转数字算法在FPGA上实现了鉴相器的设计,简化了电路,减少了杂散信号的干扰。经过Modelsim仿真测试表明在30 dB信噪比条件下鉴相误差为0.21°,最后经过实验测试,数字鉴相器鉴相最大误差绝对值为0.256°,提高了测量精度。     

Turbulence spectrum of the upper ionosphere

The problem of defining the spectral form of ionospheric irregularities with dimensions from hundreds to thousands of meters is considered. A generalized model is proposed for the ionospheric turbulence spectrum, taking into account both the anisotropic properties of the large-scale fraction of irregularities and the dependence of the anisotropy (elongation) of small-scale irregularities of the upper ionosphere along the Earth magnetic field direction on the transverse scale of those irregularities. Relations have been derived to determine the basic parameters of the irregularity spectrum of the uppers ionosphere (anisotropy indices for large-scale and small-scale fractions) and the depth of a thin ionospheric layer through measurement of the spectral characteristics of amplitude and phase fluctuations of orbital satellite signals. Using this model of the plasma irregularity spectrum, we can explain consistently many well-known experimental data on spectral characteristics of the phase and amplitude fluctuations of orbital satellite signals both in the high-latitude and midlatitude ionosphere. Radiophysical Research Institute, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 40, No. 4, pp. 446–456, April, 1997.     

20 kV高压脉冲幅度校准装置设计

针对高压脉冲幅度的量值传递需求,开展了脉冲幅度1～20 kV、脉宽1～100μs的高压脉冲幅度校准装置设计。校准装置以高压MOSFET器件为核心,搭建多级Marx结构实现高压脉冲成型,同时通过截尾回路的设计缩短脉冲下降时间,实现矩形脉冲波形的输出。在Marx结构基础上开展装置整体设计,通过触发脉冲信号及高压直流电源电压调节脉宽与幅度,通过隔离电源及光信号保证了高压隔离强度。装置采用高准确度高压探头和数据采集卡构成校准装置的内部测试系统,其测量值作为校准装置的标准量值,经评定装置脉冲幅度不确定度为2%,并通过两台比对法进行了验证。采用其他多型高压探头对校准装置进行实验测试,结果表明与低压脉冲校准源测试相比,高压脉冲可明显有效地表征高压探头的性能及测量准确度,同时本装置也可作为高压脉冲发生器应用于脉冲功率领域其他用途。     

相位加权的矢量全聚焦超声阵列成像方法研究

常规矢量全聚焦成像仅利用检测信号的幅值信息,其成像质量受噪声、栅瓣和旁瓣等的影响大。综合利用检测信号的幅值和相位信息,本文提出两种相位加权的矢量全聚焦成像方法。首先,对全矩阵数据的相位信息进行分析,提取出两种相位特征参数:相位一致因子(Phase Coherence Factor:PCF)和极性一致因子(Sign Coherence Factor:SCF);然后,将全阵列划分为若干子阵列,分别利用两种相位特征参数对各个子阵列的成像幅值进行加权,求取加权幅值特征向量;最后,对所有子阵列的加权特征向量进行合成,得到两种加权的矢量全聚焦成像,并从中提取出裂纹方向及尺寸等特征信息。将三种矢量全聚焦成像方法应用于不同缺陷检测仿真及实验验证,结果表明,3种方法均可以实现缺陷方向识别与长度定量测量;但相位加权矢量全聚焦成像效果明显优于常规矢量全聚焦成像结果,其成像信噪比及分辨率更高,缺陷角度及长度测量结果更准确。本文研究工作为缺陷无损评价提供了可行的技术手段。      

全相位FFT在导弹自动驾驶仪测试中的应用

自动驾驶仪是导弹的姿态控制系统,其性能好坏决定了导弹飞行的稳定性。为了精确测量其性能,对导弹自动驾驶仪测试原理和方法进行了研究,进行了正弦信号测量方法的分析,提出了基于全相位FFT数据处理方法,并结合时移相位差校正方法实现正弦形式信号的频率、幅度和相位等参数的精确测量。利用LabVIEW图形化编程软件设计了算法软件,通过仿真试验考察了该算法在无噪、低噪和大噪环境下信号测量精度,结果表明全相位FFT方法在信号频谱测量方面具有精度高、抗噪能力强等优点,满足自动驾驶仪的测试需求。     

Optical pulse compression using the temporal Radon-Wigner transform

The temporal Radon-Wigner transform (RWT), which is the squared modulus of the fractional Fourier transform (FRT) for a varying fractional order p, is here employed as a tool for pulse compression applications. To synthesize the compressed pulse, a selected FRT irradiance is optically produced employing a photonic device that combines phase modulation and dispersive transmission. For analysis purposes, the complete numerical generation of the RWT with 0 < p < 1 is proposed to select the value of p required for pulse compression. To this end, the amplitude and phase of the signal to be processed should be known. In order to obtain this information we use a method based on the recording of two different FRT irradiances of the pulse. The amplitude and phase errors of the recovered signal, which are inherent to the recording process, are discussed in connection with the RWT production. Numerical simulations were performed to illustrate the implementation of the proposed method. The technique is applied to compress signals commonly found in fiber optic transmission systems, such as chirped gaussian pulses, pulses distorted by second and third-order dispersion and nonlinear self-modulated pulses.     

基于光纤的新型矢量和微波光子移相器

针对相控阵天线中基于光纤的微波光子移相器原理进行研究,并在此基础上设计了新型方案,通过引入可调分光器和保偏光纤来精确控制相移,降低了移相器的复杂性和相干干涉损耗,增强了移相器的可控性。研究了分光系数和频率对信号相位和幅度的影响,实现了超过140的移相,并可通过功率放大器来补偿信号幅度损失     

超声相控阵距离幅度曲线计算方法

超声相控阵偏转聚焦声场能量分布不均匀,造成不同位置的缺陷回波幅度差异,针对该缺陷量化问题,提出超声相控阵系统距离幅度曲线理论计算方法.在非近轴近似声场模型的基础上,结合缺陷散射模型来建立相控阵系统测量模型,再利用该方法来预测不同位置横通孔缺陷的回波信号,进而获得信号幅度随位置的变化曲线.分析对比了不同偏转聚焦声束理论计...