从铝合金的应变时效内耗考察位错与点缺陷的交互作用

研究了合金含量、合金元素和形变条件对铝合金应变时效内耗行为的影响．由此描述了点缺陷的分布状态和位错组态；指出了控制应变时效回复过程的因素是溶质原子的动性和溶质原子与位错的作用能。提出了能描述应变时效过程中位错─—点缺陷交互作用的位错弦脱钉和位错气团拖曳共同作用的复合模型，相应的理论处理合理地解释了实验现象。 关键词：     

Dislocation-induced internal friction of a material with vacancies in weak magnetic field pulses

It is found that the form of the amplitude dependence of low-frequency internal friction in a quenched and aged aluminum sample (99.999% pure) changes under the effect of weak magnetic field pulses (H≥10⁵ A/m): the general level of internal friction increases. This effect is attributed to the influence of a magnetic field on the structural complex formed by a dislocation and point defects (the role of point defects is played by vacancies).     

Structural evolution of self-ordered alumina tapered nanopores with 100 nm interpore distance

We in-detail investigated the profile evolution processes of highly ordered alumina under the cyclic treatment of mild anodizing of aluminum foils in oxalic acid followed by etching in phosphoric acid. With the cyclic times increasing, the profiles of nanopores were gradually evolved into the parabola-like, trumpet-like and conical shape. Although the inserted etching itself nearly had no impact on the growth rate of the nanopores due to the rapid recovering of thinned barrier layer at the initial stage of next anodizing, overmuch etching could bring apparent side effects such as wall-breaking, thinning and taper-removing from the top down. The anodizing and etching kinetics and their synergetic effects in modulating different aspect ratios and open sizes of conical pores were studied systematically. These findings are helpful to tailor high-quality anodic alumina taper-pores with tunable profiles.     

Magnetic nanowires fabricated by anodic aluminum oxide template—a brief review

Anodic aluminum oxide(AAO) with highly ordered nanoscale pores which are monodisperse and mutually parallel can be produced through a self-organized electrochemical process.Subsequent deposition of materials into the nanopores produces AAO embedded nanowire arrays.Whilst the templates can be further removed to obtain free individual nanowires,the embedded nanowires form an interesting nanocomposite structure.Recent research activities on the fabrication and characteriza-tion of AAO template based magnetic n...     

Study on Fluorescence Characteristic of Quercetin–Nanoporous Anodic Aluminum Oxide Composites

Nanoporous Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO), its average diameters of porous were 50 nm, was obtained by two-step electrochemical anodization aluminum process. Highly ordered luminescence arrays formed by filling AAO nanopores with quercetin molecules has been studied by fluorescent spectroscopy in this work. AAO showed stronger adsorption capability of quercetin than Al³⁺-quercetin complex. The mechanism may be physical and chemical adsorption all together. Meanwhile, red shift of the maximum fluorescence peak of quercetin in AAO was observed. The molecular assemblies in the nanopore array are highly ordered and the fluorescence polarization dependence indicates a preferred molecular orientation along the pore axis. This maybe explains the mechanism of molecular luminescence depending on its environment.     

基于聚焦形貌测量的铝合金电弧增材制造件表面三维形貌重建

针对聚焦形貌测量提出了一种组合式的像素点清晰度评价算法。对于有序点云缺失点的插补,使用基于三次B样条的方法,来进行插补,通过实验证明该方法能够有效的补齐缺失点,以得到完整的点云数据。根据聚焦形貌恢复技术原理,搭建了一套完整的硬件,通过精度验证实验,测量设备在10X倍率下的测量精度在742.9nm。并对铝合金电弧增材制造件进行了表面形貌测量,可清晰观察其表面形貌,检测其缺陷。实验结果表明提出的方法兼具恢复的高精度性及有效性,应用此方法可以完成微观形貌的表面三维参数的测量分析。     

一种可控纳米柱阵列的研制

在一次阳极氧化法制备多孔氧化铝(anodized aluminum oxide,AAO)的基础上,进行了二次、三次、四次氧化制备AAO,并对多次氧化制备多孔AAO的电流变化曲线和模板表面的形貌特点等进行了比较分析.二次、三次、四次氧化制备的AAO纳米孔孔径依次增大、孔间距减小,而模板表面的纳米孔有序性分布没有明显变化.控制一次氧化AAO模板的除膜时间,～10 min即可得到孔径规则、高度有序的AAO膜.最后,利用所制备的不同孔深和孔径的AAO为模板,通过热纳米压印复制技术制备了长度和直径等性质可控的PMMA纳米柱阵列. 关键词： 纳米柱阵列 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 多孔氧化铝模板 多次氧化法     

二相介质中一种位错构型的弹性场及所受的力

本文建立了二相介质中与相界斜交位错的一种理想构型。根据位错各向异性弹性理论的普遍方法,以及关于界面的Gebbia-Eshelby定理,计算得到此位错在两相中的弹性场,以及位错线段所受“像力”的数值解。本文所提出的模型及算法具有一般适用性。结果可用于进一步计算此位错与其它缺陷的相互作用。对于考虑这种斜交位错在无扩散相变中的作用,本工作也是一个有意义的起点。 关键词：     

Nanoporosity of fine-crystalline aluminum and an aluminum-based alloy

The presence of nanopores formed during the equal-channel angular pressing of aluminum is revealed using small-angle x-ray scattering. The parameters of nanopores are determined, and a correlation between the level of nanoporosity and the fraction of high-angle grain boundaries is found. The data obtained indicate that the level of nanoporosity can affect the tensile durability of fine-crystalline aluminum in the creep mode. The data on the regularities in the development of nanopores under deformation of the fine-crystalline aluminum-based alloy in the superplasticity mode are obtained.     

Au诱导形成有序Si纳米孔阵列及其应用

以自组装聚苯乙烯小球(PS)单层膜为掩膜,利用Au对Si表面的催化氧化作用以及KOH溶液对单晶Si的各向异性腐蚀特性,在Si(100)面上制备了一系列尺寸小于100 nm有序可控的Si纳米孔阵列.扫描电镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)等的测试结果显示:当PS小球溶液与甲醇溶液的体积比为9:11时,可形成大面积无缺陷的单层膜;但当体积比过大时,会导致类似双层膜结构的形成;而当体积比过小时,会诱导形成点缺陷和线缺陷.对PS小球及溅射Au处理过的Si晶片进行KOH溶液腐蚀,随着腐蚀时间变长,纳米孔的横向尺寸和深度增大,其形貌由圆形逐渐变为倒金字塔型,当腐蚀时间超过10 min,纳米孔阵列的有序性遭到破坏.采用离子束溅射技术在倒金字塔型纳米孔衬底上获得了有序Ge/Si纳米岛,而在圆形纳米孔衬底上获得了有序Ge/Si纳米环.进一步对有序Ge/Si纳米岛及纳米环的形成机理进行了解释.     

Statistical mechanics of melting mediated by two types of defects

We propose a defect-mediated melting theory based on the statistics of two types of lattice defects, the point defects and dislocation pairs. The model predicts a first-order phase transition. Based on the model, phase transition temperature, latent heat and other thermodynamic functions are derived. Melting occurs due to discontinuous growth of point defects into dislocation pairs. The calculated phase transition temperature for five alkali metallic crystals are in fair agreement with measured melting temperatures, and the Richards' rule is derived by the model also.     

Dynamic blocking of the influence of surface point defects on the glide of edge dislocations

The influence of image forces on an edge dislocation gliding parallel to the free crystal surface having point defects is studied theoretically. It is shown that image forces block the drag mechanism that involves the excitation of dislocation vibrations by surface defects.     

Formation of dislocation patterns under irradiation

The interaction energy between point defects and dislocation patterns (such as the pile-up of dislocation loops and the dislocation wall) is derived. The bias for interstitial absorption by a dislocation in a pattern is shown to be lower than that of an isolated dislocation. The dislocation patterning is proposed to be driven by the dependence of dislocation bias on the dislocation arrangement.     

Dislocation dynamics in doped NaCl single crystals determined by pulsed NMR between RT and 300°C

The mean free path of mobile dislocations is measured by determination of the spin-lattice relaxation rate of deforming NaCl single crystals as a function of temperature and of the concentration of Ca⁺⁺ impurities. The latter may influence the magnitude of the mean free path but this depends to a large extent on the point defect configuration. The degree of association and the mobility of the point defects is studied by measuring the spin-lattice relaxation rate without deforming the samples. On the other hand the distribution of dislocations varies also with temperature and this affects the mobility of dislocations too. The work-hardening rate of the crystals is compared with the mean free path as a function of temperature and it is shown that both quantities have extremes under the influence of competitive mechanisms such as an enhanced thermal activation of dislocations at obstacles, an increasing mobility of point defects, and increasing number of intersections of mobile dislocations with dislocation dipoles.     

可动点缺陷对与运动弯结的滞弹性交互作用

对于在周期分布的运动内应力源作用下,面心立方晶体中Zener对和不对称点缺陷对的微扩散方程采用有限傅氏级数和拉氏变换求解。得出弯结刚性和阻尼系数的有限求和表达式。给出了有关数值计算结果。对于刃型位错与不对称点缺陷对的滞弹性交互作用得出了简单解析结果,与以前用别的方法所得结果相符。讨论了点缺陷内耗的位错增强效应。 关键词：     

Influence of high hydrostatic pressure on the vibrational spectrum of an edge dislocation and its dynamic interaction with point defects

The slip of a single edge dislocation in an elastic field of point defects chaotically distributed over a crystal with allowance for a high hydrostatic pressure has been studied theoretically. The numerical estimations have demonstrated that hydrostatic compression of some metals and alloys increases the dislocation drag force by point defects in them by several tens of percent.     

Dynamic interaction of edge dislocations with point defects and prismatic dislocation loops at high-strain-rate deformation of crystals

The motion of an ensemble of edge dislocations at high-strain-rate deformation of a crystal with a high concentration of prismatic dislocation loops and point defects has been analyzed. It has been shown that, under certain conditions, the drag of an edge dislocation by prismatic dislocation loops has the character of dry friction, and the magnitude of the drag force of the dislocation is determined by the relationship between the concentration of prismatic dislocation loops and the density of mobile dislocations. An increase in the density of mobile dislocations leads to an enhancement of their collective interaction, thus facilitating the overcoming of prismatic dislocation loops by edge dislocations. The total drag force of an edge dislocation is a nonmonotonic function of the concentration of point defects, which, under certain conditions, has a minimum.     

Elastic interaction of dislocation loops and point defects

The elastic interaction energy of a circular dislocation loop with interstitial atoms and vacancies characterized as dilatation or relaxation centres is calculated. Further, the forces which the dislocation loops exert on point defects through elastic interaction are discussed.     

Structure of Ion-Implanted Alloys with Long-Range Order in a Field Ion Microscope

In the present review we describe the series of investigations in which field ion microscopy is used to study the structural and phase changes in alloys with long-range order and in pure metals after ion implantation by different gas ions. It is demonstrated that ion implantation induces defects of different types spread to considerable depths from the irradiated surface that exceed many times the estimated ion mean free path. It is established that disordering and generation of various defects can be observed under irradiation of the ordered alloy surfaces. In PdCuAg alloys being supersaturated solid solutions, the irradiation provokes the intermittent decomposition. The structure of defects induced by ion implantation including disordered regions, dislocations, dislocation configurations, dislocation barriers, vacancy clusters, and segregations of one of the components is analyzed. The structure and sizes of these defects inside single cascades of displacements are determined.     

应用XRD方法研究AlN粉体的冲击波改性

 利用X射线衍射分析技术及Warren-Averbch分析方法，详细地研究了氮化铝陶瓷粉体在“名义压力”为9.8 GPa的冲击波压力作用下的晶格缺陷，得到了晶格畸变与晶胞柱尺寸的关系数值，分析结果表明，其相干散射区域尺寸远小于颗粒的真实尺寸，说明冲击波作用在氮化铝陶瓷粉体中产生了严重的晶格缺陷。