一类非线性奇摄动方程的激波问题

利用奇摄动理论和匹配原理，讨论了一类非线性奇摄动方程的激波问题．首先，构造了原问题的外部解和内层解．其次，研究了当激波在区间的边界附近和内部的激波解．最后，得出了与边界条件相对应的激波位置及解的表达式．     

变分方法与反向上下解

本文在非线性方程的下解不小于上解这一条件（即反向上下解条件）下研究了其解的存在性．我们证明了，如果非线性算子方程有变分结构，有一对反向上下解，对应的算子映某个锥入锥并且满足一定的辅助条件，那么这一方程在锥中至少有两个解．另外，本文还研究了反向上下解条件下非线性椭圆边值问题正解的存在性．     

反应扩散方程解的渐近性态

本文使用锥映象不动点指数的计算方法，讨论一类反应扩散方程正静态解的存在性，并给出方程的静态解渐适性态．然后，利用上，下解的方法讨论相应周期系统周期解的存在性及其渐近性态．     

目标属性为真假值函数的多目标决策问题解的存在性与求解方法

本文建立了一类目标属性为真假值函数的多目标决策模型，定义了相应有效解、弱有效解与最优解．并在此基础上，对有效解与弱有效解的存在性、求解等问题进行了探讨．     

利用Darboux变换对KdV方程孤子解普遍性质的讨论

该文指出：利用Darboux变换不但可以非常简洁地得到文献［1］关于KdV方程单孤子解和双孤子解，而且便于讨论KdV方程的任意孤子解的性质．通过对KdV方程三孤子解的重点讨论，以及对KdV方程多孤子解的解析分析，得到了关于KdV方程任意阶孤子解的一些非常有意义的普遍结果．这些结果对于人们深入了解孤子相互作用规律具有重要的现实意义．     

带跳的时滞随机微分方程近似解的收敛性

本文研究了一类具有Possion跳的时滞随机微分方程（SDDEwJPs）．在一般情况下SDDEwJPs没有解析解．因此合适的数值逼近法，例如欧拉法，就是在研究它们性质时所采用的重要工具．本文在局部李普希兹条件下证明了欧拉近似解强收敛于SDDEwJPs的精确解（分析解）．     

解不等式

1．本单元重、难点分析 解不等式是不等式研究的主要内容，也是高中数学的重要内容，是高考的必考内容之一．解不等式在数学中有着极其重要的地位，许多其他问题都可以转化为解不等式的问题，解不等式是解决函数定义域、值域、单调性、最值、取值范围、二次方程根的分布等问题的有力工具．在解决问题时，要依据题设、题断的结构特点和内在联系，选择适当的解决方案．     

YoshiZawa型周期解定理和Massera型周期解定理研究进展简介

微分方程解的有界性和周期解的存在性是檄分方程理论研究中的两个重要课题，二者之间有着紧密的联系．在解的有界性与周期解的存在性的研究中，Yoshizawa周期解定理和Massera周期解定理是非常重要的结果，具有重要的理论意义和应用价值．本文以Yoshizawa型周期解定理和Massera型周期解定理的研究为主，简要介绍泛函微分方程周期解理论研究方面的一些新进展。     

解斜三角形需要注意的若干问题

解斜三角形的应用范围非常广泛，是高考的热点之一．为了学好解斜三角形这一内容，除了掌握解斜三角形的基本理论、基础知识、基本方法外，还应对以下几个问题加以注意．     

“无限递降法”介绍

无限递降法是一种证明方法，即假如已知问题有一个整数解，并且可以作出一个更小的正整数解，而且新问题的形式，“酷似”原来的，宛如原来问题的一个“翻版”，再用同样的论证方法，以这个更小的解出发，又可以推到再小一些的解，这个过程可以无限重复下去，但因为问题的解全都是正整数．于是不可能无限地下推来求越来越小的解，因此，此问题无解．     

Generalized lower and upper functions for the φ-Laplacian

We give definitions of generalized lower and upper functions and generalized solution, which differs from a solution in the conventional sense in that the derivative of a generalized solution can be equal to +∞ and ?∞. We show how to use generalized solutions for obtaining classical results.     

Analytic solutions of a reducible strain gradient elasticity model for solid cylinder with a cavity and its application in zonal failure

In this work, the reducibility condition of the fourth-order equilibrium equation in the strain gradient elasticity (SGE) model for solid cylinder with a cavity is obtained. When the reducibility condition is satisfied, the analytic displacement, generalized radial stress, and generalized angular stress can be solved out, and according to the higher-order coefficients, internal length scale, and Lamé constants, the displacement, generalized radial stress, and generalized angular stress are classified into four types: (1) conventional elasticity solution, (2) quasiperiodic SGE solution, (3) monotonous SGE solution, and (4) non-real-number solution. Quasiperiodic generalized radial stress and generalized angular stress are used to explain the occurrence of zonal failure of surrounding rock of a circular roadway. Numerical analysis with MATLAB is applied to study the influence of loading on zonal failure of surrounding rock of a circular raodway.     

The Rayleigh–Stokes problem for an edge in a generalized Oldroyd-B fluid

The velocity field corresponding to the Rayleigh–Stokes problem for an edge, in an incompressible generalized Oldroyd-B fluid has been established by means of the double Fourier sine and Laplace transforms. The fractional calculus approach is used in the constitutive relationship of the fluid model. The obtained solution, written in terms of the generalized G-functions, is presented as a sum of the Newtonian solution and the corresponding non-Newtonian contribution. The solution for generalized Maxwell fluids, as well as those for ordinary Maxwell and Oldroyd-B fluids, performing the same motion, is obtained as a limiting case of the present solution. This solution can be also specialized to give the similar solution for generalized second grade fluids. However, for simplicity, a new and simpler exact solution is established for these fluids. For β → 1, this last solution reduces to a previous solution obtained by a different technique.     

一类Riccati矩阵方程广义自反解的双迭代算法

本文研究了一类Riccati矩阵方程广义自反解的数值计算问题.利用牛顿算法将Riccati矩阵方程的广义自反解问题转化为线性矩阵方程的广义自反解或者广义自反最小二乘解问题,再利用修正共轭梯度法计算后一问题,获得了求Riccati矩阵方程的广义自反解的双迭代算法.拓宽了求解非线性矩阵方程的迭代算法.数值算例表明双迭代算法是有效的.     

The Rayleigh–Stokes problem for an edge in a generalized Oldroyd-B fluid

The velocity field corresponding to the Rayleigh–Stokes problem for an edge, in an incompressible generalized Oldroyd-B fluid has been established by means of the double Fourier sine and Laplace transforms. The fractional calculus approach is used in the constitutive relationship of the fluid model. The obtained solution, written in terms of the generalized G-functions, is presented as a sum of the Newtonian solution and the corresponding non-Newtonian contribution. The solution for generalized Maxwell fluids, as well as those for ordinary Maxwell and Oldroyd-B fluids, performing the same motion, is obtained as a limiting case of the present solution. This solution can be also specialized to give the similar solution for generalized second grade fluids. However, for simplicity, a new and simpler exact solution is established for these fluids. For β → 1, this last solution reduces to a previous solution obtained by a different technique.      

向量似变分不等式解的存在性及解集的稳定性

本文首先得到一类广义向量似变分不等式问题的解的存在性定理,然后利用usco映射的性质,讨论广义向量似变分不等式的解集的通有稳定性,得到大多数(在Baire分类意义下)广义向量似变分不等式问题的解集是稳定的;另外还引入广义向量似变分不等式解集的本质连通区的概念,并证明了满足一定连续性、凸性条件的广义向量似变分不等式的解集至少存在一个本质连通区.     

Complex high order Toda and Volterra lattices1

Given a solution of a high order Toda lattice we construct a one parameter family of new solutions. In our method, we use a set of Bäcklund transformations such that each new generalized Toda solution is related to a generalized Volterra solution.     

On the global existence and small dissipation limit for generalized dissipative Zakharov system

This paper deals with the existence and uniqueness of the global solutions to the initial boundary value problem for a generalized Zakharov system with direct self‐interaction of the dispersive waves and weak dissipation in the nondispersive subsystem. We prove the global existence of the generalized solution to the problem by a priori estimates and Galerkin method. We also establish the regularity of the global generalized solution and the existence and uniqueness of the global classical solution. Moreover, we obtain the convergence of the solutions of the generalized Zakharov system with dissipation as the dissipative coefficient approaches zero.     

On analytic solutions to the generalized Cauchy problem with data on three surfaces for a quasilinear system

The generalized Cauchy problem with data on three surfaces is under consideration for a quasilinear analytic system of the third order. Under some simplifying assumption, we find necessary and sufficient conditions for existence of a solution in the form of triple series in the powers of the independent variables. We obtain convenient sufficient conditions under which the data of the generalized Cauchy problem has a unique locally analytic solution. We give counterexamples demonstrating that in the case we study it is impossible to state necessary and sufficient conditions for analytic solvability of the generalized Cauchy problem. We also show that the analytic solution can fail to exist even if the generalized Cauchy problem with data on three surfaces has a formal solution since the series converge only at a sole point, the origin.