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1.
Fe掺杂g-C3N4的制备及其可见光催化性能   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以硝酸铁和三聚氰胺为原料制备不同含铁量的Fe 掺杂石墨氮化碳(g-C3N4). 采用X 射线衍射光谱(XRD)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)光谱、傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱、电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)、荧光(PL)光谱、X光电子能谱(XPS)等分析手段对制备的催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明,铁以离子形式镶嵌在g-C3N4的结构单元中,影响了g-C3N4的能带结构,增加了g-C3N4对可见光的吸收,降低了光生电子-空穴对的复合几率. 以染料罗丹明B的降解为探针反应系统研究了不同含铁量对g-C3N4在可见光下催化性能的影响. 结果表明,m(Fe)/m(g-C3N4)=0.14%时,制备的Fe 掺杂g-C3N4表现出最佳的光催化性能,120 min 内罗丹明B的降解率高达99.7%,速率常数达到0.026 min-1,是纯g-C3N4的3.2 倍. 以叔丁醇、对苯醌、乙二胺四乙酸二钠为自由基(·OH)、自由基(O2)和空穴(hVB+)的捕获剂,研究了光催化反应机理.  相似文献   

2.
采用湿化学方法制备了K/Cl掺杂石墨相氮化碳(g-C_(3)N_(4))纳米材料.以三聚氰胺、KCl作为前驱体,经过溶解、沉淀和焙烧过程,使K/Cl元素在g-C_(3)N_(4)结构上均匀分布.K/Cl掺杂的引入并不影响g-C_(3)N_(4)物相的形成,而是使样品的比表面积增加至18.36 m^(2)·g^(-1),是纯g-C_(3)N_(4)的1.7倍.利用光催化降解气态污染物来表征材料的光催化性能,结果表明,全光谱光照下CN-K/Cl-0.07的性能是纯g-C_(3)N_(4)的2.0倍.光催化性能的提升归因于K/Cl双原子掺杂,不但提升了材料的光吸收能力,而且有利于光生电子-空穴的分离.4次循环试验后,CN-K/Cl-0.07光催化降解异丙醇的性能没有明显降低,证明其具有良好的稳定性.K/Cl掺杂g-C_(3)N_(4)光催化活性高且使用性能好,将会在气体污染物降解领域产生广泛的应用.  相似文献   

3.
以硝酸铈和三聚氰胺为原料,采用热解法合成系列Ce掺杂石墨相氮化碳(g-C_3N_4).采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱仪(UV-Vis DRS)、荧光光谱仪(PL)和X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)等对样品进行了表征.结果表明,Ce掺杂使g-C_3N_4晶粒尺寸减小,比表面积增大,光生电子/空穴对复合几率降低,并影响到能带结构.在可见光下光催化降解亚甲基蓝水溶液的结果表明,Ce掺杂g-C_3N_4的可见光光催化活性远优于纯g-C_3N_4.其中,0.10-Ce-C_3N_4样品80 min内对亚甲基蓝的降解率高达98.51%,速率常数达0.0506 min~(-1),是纯g-C_3N_4的4.9倍.  相似文献   

4.
Fe-P共掺杂石墨相氮化碳催化剂可见光下催化性能研究   总被引:2,自引:7,他引:2  
采用双氰胺、硝酸铁和磷酸氢二铵为原料制备Fe-P共掺杂石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4).使用X射线衍射光谱(XRD)、N2吸附、紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、荧光光谱(PL)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等分析手段对制备的催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,引入掺杂剂可以抑制g-C3N4的晶粒生长,提高催化剂比表面积,降低带隙能,抑制光生电子和空穴的复合.在可见光下降解罗丹明B的实验表明Fe-P共掺杂g-C3N4的反应速率常数是纯g-C3N4的6倍.我们推测了P和Fe可能的掺杂态以及光催化反应机理.  相似文献   

5.
以尿素为原料,引入少量的多壁碳纳米管(CNT)改性,采用简便方法制备CNT/g-C_3N_4催化剂。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计(UV-Vis-NIR Spectrophotometer)、荧光光谱(PL)等手段对CNT/g-C_3N_4催化剂进行表征。结果表明,g-C_3N_4与CNT之间的协同作用,影响了gC_3N_4的能带结构,增强了其对可见光的吸收,改善了光生载流子的分布,提高了电子-空穴对的分离效率。并以罗丹明B(RhB)水溶液模拟废水,在可见光下考察催化剂的光催化降解性能,发现当CNT掺杂量为0.1%(w/w)时效果最佳,降解速率常数是体相g-C_3N_4的3.1倍,且研究发现超氧自由基是该体系下的主要活性物种。  相似文献   

6.
以双氰胺、醋酸锌、四氯化锡、醋酸镉和硫化钠为原料,采用水热法制备了三元金属复合硫化物Zn_(0.11)Sn_(0.12)Cd_(0.84)S_(1.12)(ZnSnCdS)及一系列异质结催化剂ZnSnCdS/g-C_3N_4.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见光谱仪(UV-Vis)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、电感耦合等离子体-质谱仪(ICP-MS)、荧光光谱仪(PL)和X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)等对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,ZnSnCdS与g-C_3N_4之间以C—S键紧密结合,构筑了异质结,促进了界面电荷迁移,抑制了光生电子-空穴对的复合.可见光下降解染料罗丹明B(RhB)的结果表明,ZnSnCdS/g-C_3N_4异质结催化剂的光催化性能与单纯g-C_3N_4,ZnSnCdS及双组分硫化物/g-C3N4异质结催化剂相比均有大幅度提高,ZnSnCdS与g-C3N4质量比为4∶1时异质结催化剂表现出最大的速率常数(0.1508 min-1),是单纯g-C_3N_4和ZnSnCdS的32.3倍和4.9倍.其它三元金属复合硫化物如ZnMoCdS,MoNiCdS和NiSnCdS与g-C_3N_4之间也能有效形成异质结,促进电子-空穴对的分离和催化性能的提升.  相似文献   

7.
类石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4)具有特殊的层状二维结构、独特的电子结构、合适的能带结构、良好的热稳定性和化学稳定性等理化性能,因而在可见光催化净化环境污染物领域广受关注.但原始块状g-C3N4的可见光催化活性较弱,还不能满足实际应用需求.因此,亟需开发一种高效的改性方法来提高g-C3N4的光催化性能.本课题组发展了一种有效的改进g-C3N4方法,以硫脲为前驱体,去离子水(制备样品标记为CN-W)或无水乙醇(制备样品标记为CN-E)为溶剂,通过一步高温缩聚制得具有高可见光催化性能的介孔g-C3N4.然而,对于不同溶剂效应原位改性g-C3N4及其增强可见光催化性能的机理还不清楚.因此,本文采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)、荧光光谱(PL)、N2吸附和元素分析等手段研究了去离子水和无水乙醇作为溶剂原位改性g-C3N4的理化性能差异及增强可见光催化性能的原因.XRD结果表明,去离子水和无水乙醇不会改变g-C3N4的晶体结构,但会抑制其晶体结构的生长.由TEM图像可见,因去离子水和无水乙醇在热聚合过程中产生的气泡可以作为软模板,导致CN-W和CN-E纳米片均为酥松多孔层状结构,其中CN-W更薄更小.元素分析测试结果表明,无水乙醇和硫脲在热聚合过程中导致碳自掺杂g-C3N4.UV-Vis DRS结果显示,CN-W和CN-E分别发生了相对的蓝移和红移现象.荧光寿命测试结果显示,CN的短荧光寿命和长荧光寿命(0.805 ns,3.269 ns)明显高于CN-W(0.756 ns,3.125 ns)和CN-E(0.743 ns,2.749 ns),表明CN-W和CN-E纳米薄片可以促进光生电子的储存和往复运动,有利于光生电子的迁移.此外,通过理论计算得CN-E的电子迁移速率(1.04×108 s?1)明显快于CN-W(0.81×108 s?1),表明CN-E和CN-W都有利于光生电子的迁移猝灭.另外,BET-BJH测试结果显示,CN-W(32.73 m2/g,0.22 cm3/g)和CN-E(25.59 m2/g,0.18 cm3/g)的比表面积和孔容均显著高于未改性的g-C3N4(13.81 m2/g,0.12 cm3/g),表明溶剂和前驱体在热聚合过程中产生的H2O,C2H5OH,H2S,CO2和NH3气体有利于层状结构和丰富孔结构的形成,因而CN-W和CN-E的比表面积和孔容显著增加.由此可见,无水乙醇和去离子水在辅助制备介孔g-C3N4过程中表现出不同的作用.可见光催化去除NO的测试结果表明,CN-E(48.3%)和CN-W(37.2%)的光催化活性明显高于g-C3N4(19.5%),CN-E和CN-W的可见光催化活性也明显优于我们以前报道的BiOBr、C掺杂TiO2和BiOBr/C3N4异质结.结合表征结果,CN-E和CN-W可见光催化性能增强的原因主要有两个:(1)CN-E和CN-W增大的的比表面积和孔容有利于NO的吸附、反应中间产物的转移和提供更多的活性位点参与光催化氧化反应;(2)更薄的纳米片结构和C掺杂g-C3N4有利于促进光生电子的迁移,从而显著提高其光催化活性.  相似文献   

8.
铬和硫共掺杂二氧化钛催化剂的制备及其可见光催化性能   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
吕媛  倪伶俐  杨平  曹勇 《催化学报》2007,28(11):987-992
以钛酸四丁酯为前驱体,硝酸铬和硫脲为掺杂离子给体,通过溶胶-凝胶法成功制备了纯TiO2、不同浓度的铬掺杂和铬/硫共掺杂TiO2光催化剂.以靛红为目标污染物,进行了可见光催化降解活性测试实验.结果表明,共掺杂催化剂的活性高于未掺杂和单掺杂催化剂.当共掺杂催化剂含0.60%(原子比)的铬,1.2%(原子比)的硫,焙烧温度为500℃时具有最高的光催化降解活性.X射线衍射、N2吸附、X射线光电子能谱和紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱表征结果显示,共掺杂催化剂为锐钛矿型,具有较高的比表面积,对可见光有较强的吸收能力.共掺杂TiO2具备较高可见光催化活性的原因可能是铬掺杂降低了TiO2的禁带宽度,拓展了可见光吸收区域,而硫掺杂能够维持体系的电荷平衡,增强催化剂对可见光的吸收.  相似文献   

9.
采用简单的水热法制得CdS纳米棒,采用溶剂热法制得g-C_3N_4/CdS纳米棒复合光催化剂(1),其结构和性能经SEM,XRD和UV-Vis(DRS)表征。探究了1在可见光作用下光催化降解模拟有机污染物甲基橙的性能。结果表明:在可见光作用下,与纯CdS纳米棒光催化剂比较,1的催化活性明显提高,稳定性显著增强。  相似文献   

10.
采用水热方法制备了ZnIn2S4/g-C3N4复合材料, 并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、 傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、 紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)、 透射电子显微镜(TEM)和荧光光谱(PL)等手段对其结构和性能进行表征. 结果表明, 当ZnIn2S4的负载量为20%(质量分数)时, 复合材料表现出最佳的光催化制氢性能, 制氢速率可达到637.08 μmol·g-1·h-1, 分别为纯ZnIn2S4和纯g-C3N4的4倍和37倍. 其原因在于ZnIn2S4和g-C3N4之间具有紧密的异质结结构, 两者有效的结合改善了组分的能带匹配和界面电荷转移, 从而大幅增强了载流子的分离和迁移, 进而提高光催化的性能.  相似文献   

11.
Since the pioneering work on polychlorinated biphenyl photodegradation by Carey in 1976, photocatalytic technology has emerged as a promising and sustainable strategy to overcome the significant challenges posed by energy crisis and environmental pollution. In photocatalysis, sunlight, which is an inexhaustible source of energy, is utilized to generate strongly active species on the surface of the photocatalyst for triggering photo-redox reactions toward the successful removal of environmental pollutants, or for water splitting. The photocatalytic performance is related to the photoabsorption, photoinduced carrier separation, and redox ability of the semiconductor employed as the photocatalyst. Apart from traditional and noble metal oxide semiconductors such as P25, bismuth-based compounds, and Pt-based compounds, 2D g-C3N4 is now identified to have enormous potential in photocatalysis owing to the special π-π conjugated bond in its structure. However, some inherent drawbacks of the conventional g-C3N4, including the insufficient visible-light absorption ability, fast recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, and low quantum efficiency, decrease its photocatalytic activity and limit its application. To date, various strategies such as heterojunction fabrication, special morphology design, and element doping have been adopted to tune the physicochemical properties of g-C3N4. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of defect engineering for boosting the light harvesting, charge separation, and adsorption efficiency of g-C3N4 by tailoring the local surface microstructure, electronic structure, and carrier concentration. In this review, we summarize cutting-edge achievements related to g-C3N4 modified with classified non-external-caused defects (carbon vacancies, nitrogen vacancies, etc.) and external-caused defects (doping and functionalization) for optimizing the photocatalytic performance in water splitting, removal of contaminants in the gas phase and wastewater, nitrogen fixation, etc. The distinctive roles of various defects in the g-C3N4 skeleton in the photocatalytic process are also summarized. Moreover, the practical application of 2D g-C3N4 in air pollution control is highlighted. Finally, the ongoing challenges and perspectives of defective g-C3N4 are presented. The overarching aim of this article is to provide a useful scaffold for future research and application studies on defect-modulated g-C3N4.   相似文献   

12.
Since Fujishima and Honda demonstrated the photoelectrochemical water splitting on TiO2 photoanode and Pt counter electrode, photocatalysis has been considered as one of the most promising technologies for solving both the problems of environmental pollution and energy shortage. This process can effectively use solar energy, the most abundant energy resource on the earth, to drive various catalytic reactions, such as water splitting, CO2 reduction, organic pollutant degradation, and organic synthesis, for energy generation and environmental purification. Except for the various metal-based semiconductors, such as metal oxides, metal sulfides, and metal oxynitrides, developed for photocatalysis, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has attracted significant attention in the recent years because of its earth abundancy, non-toxicity, good stability, and relatively narrow band gap (2.7 eV) for visible light response. However, g-C3N4 suffers from insufficient absorption of visible light in the solar spectrum and rapid recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes, thus resulting in low photocatalytic activity. Until now, various strategies have been developed to enhance the photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4, including element doping, nanostructure and heterostructure design, and co-catalyst decoration. Among these methods, element doping has been found to be very effective for adjusting the unique electronic and molecular structures of g-C3N4, which could significantly expand the range of photoresponse under visible light and improve the charge separation. Especially, non-metal doping has been well investigated frequently to improve the photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4. The non-metal dopants commonly used for the doping of g-C3N4 include oxygen (O), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), boron (B), and halogen (F, Cl, Br, I) and also carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) (for self-doping), as they are easily accessible and can be introduced into the g-C3N4 framework through different physical and chemical synthetic methods. In this review article, the structural and optical properties of g-C3N4 is introduced first, followed by a brief introduction to the modification of g-C3N4 as photocatalysts. Then, the progress in the non-metal doped g-C3N4 with improved photocatalytic activity is reviewed in detail, with the photocatalytic mechanisms presented for easy understanding of the fundamentals of photocatalysis and for guiding in the design of novel g-C3N4 photocatalysts. Finally, the prospects of the modification of g-C3N4 for further advances in photocatalysis is presented.  相似文献   

13.
刘素芹  王松  戴高鹏  鲁俊  刘科 《物理化学学报》2014,30(11):2121-2126
在二甲基甲酰胺溶液中,通过简单的沉淀法制备了纳米Ag2CO3和碳纳米管(CNT)的复合物.用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、扫描电镜(SEM)和紫外-可见(UV-Vis)漫反射光谱(DRS)表征了所制备的Ag2CO3/CNT复合物,通过在可见光下降解甲基橙(MO)检测了样品的光催化活性.结果表明,纳米Ag2CO3颗粒与CNT结合良好.CNT的含量为1.5%(w)的Ag2CO3/1.5%CNT复合物活性最高,经过60 min的降解,甲基橙的降解率达到93%.与纯相纳米Ag2CO3比较,CNT的加入还提高了Ag2CO3的稳定性,经过三次循环降解,Ag2CO3/1.5%CNT复合物还能降解81%的甲基橙,而纳米Ag2CO3只能降解59.5%的甲基橙.其活性和稳定性提高的原因是由于CNT的高导电性,它不仅促进了电子-空穴对的分离,还能快速转移产生的光生电子.  相似文献   

14.
以三聚氰胺为前驱体,价格低廉、来源广泛的海泡石作为硬模板,制备出具有特殊空腔结构的泡沫状氮化碳。 通过透射电子显微镜、X射线粉末衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱、N2吸附-脱附、紫外可见漫反射光谱及荧光光谱等手段对样品的表面形貌和结构等物理性质进行表征,以光解水产氢性能考察其光催化活性,并通过电化学测试手段考察其光生电荷传输和分离情况。 结果表明,聚多巴胺能起到粘接剂作用,改善了前驱体与模板的结合,制备出的泡沫状氮化碳具有更大的比表面积;随模板用量增加,氮化碳的比表面积增大,当聚多巴胺改性海泡石与三聚氰胺质量比为2:1时,泡沬状氮化碳比表面积可达389.2 m2/g,其可见光产氢速率约为1061.87 μmol/(g·h),较体相氮化碳和未经多巴胺改性海泡石制备的氮化碳分别提高了7和2.6倍。 这表明大比表面积的泡沫状氮化碳为光催化反应提供了更多的活性位点,改善了多相光催化反应的传质扩散过程,提高了光生电子-空穴的分离效率,其特殊的空腔结构能有效地提高光的利用率,从而提高其光催化活性。  相似文献   

15.
研制了一种石墨相氮化碳/三聚氯氰(g-C3N4/C3Cl3N3)复合型光催化剂。 由于该催化剂在g-C3N4的基础上有效拓展了π共轭体系,同时引入氯原子,使带隙位置上移,改善了光生电荷的还原能力,在可见光照射下,能有效降解有机污染物。 实验结果表明,20 min内对RR染料废水的降解率达94.7%,重复使用5次后,降解率仍达94%。 通过在降解体系中加入氧化性活性物种捕获剂的方法,研究了g-C3N4/C3Cl3N3吸收可见光降解有机污染物的机理。  相似文献   

16.
石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4)由于具有对可见光吸收范围较窄和光生载流子分离效率低等缺陷,其光解水产氢活性较差.我们采用简单的一步热共聚法,以尿素和2,4,6-三氨基嘧啶(TAPD)混合物为前驱物,制备碳自掺杂纳米片(CNNS-x,xmg代表掺入TAPD的质量).X射线衍射(XRD)、元素分析(EA)和X射线光电子能谱(X...  相似文献   

17.
An in situ strategy was introduced for synthesizing carbon modified graphitic carbon nitride(g-C3N4) by using urea/4-aminobenzoic acid(PABA) co-crystal(PABA@Urea) as precursor materials. Via co-calcination of the PABA co-former and the urea in PABA@Urea co-crystals, C guest species were generated and compounded into g-C3N4 matrix in situ by replacing the lattice N of the carbon nitride and forming carbon dots onto its layer surface. The carbon modification dramatically enhanced visible-light harvesting and charge carrier separation. Therefore, visible light photo-catalytic oxidation of methylene blue(MB) pollution in water over the carbon modified g-C3N4(C/g-C3N4) was notably improved. Up to 99% of methylene blue(MB) was eliminated within 60 min by the optimal sample prepared from the PABA@Urea co-crystal with a PABA content of 0.1%(mass ratio), faster than the degradation rate over bare g-C3N4. The present study demonstrates a new way to boost up the photocatalysis performance of g-C3N4, which holds great potential concerning the degradation of organic dyes from water.  相似文献   

18.
利用超声-水热法、使用油酸钠辅助合成钨酸铋(Bi2WO6)量子点/纳米片修饰的石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4)(Bi2WO6/g-C3N4)复合光催化剂。 通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)、N2吸附-脱附等技术手段获得Bi2WO6/g-C3N4催化剂的组成、结构和光吸收性能,分析合成机理。 以罗丹明B(RhB)水溶液为模拟污染物,考察Bi2WO6/g-C3N4复合催化剂的可见光催化活性。 结果表明:g-C3N4和Bi2WO6的质量比为3:7的Bi2WO6/g-C3N4-30具有最有效的异质界面,电化学阻抗和光电流测试结果显示该催化剂的光生载流子传输速率快、复合率低,可见光照射120 min对RhB的降解率达到95.8%;通过活性物质捕捉实验获知光生空穴是光催化反应中的主要活性物质,分析异质界面对光催化活性的影响,进而提出光催化反应机理。  相似文献   

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