A Stretched Exponential Bound on Time Correlations for Billiard Flows

We construct Markov approximations to the billiard flows and establish a stretched exponential bound on time-correlation functions for planar periodic Lorentz gases (also known as Sinai billiards). Precisely, we show that for any (generalized) Hölder continuous functions F,G on the phase space of the flow the time correlation function is bounded by const? \(e^{-a\sqrt{|t|}}\), here t ? ? is the (continuous) time and a > 0.     

Advanced Statistical Properties of Dispersing Billiards

A new approach to statistical properties of hyperbolic dynamical systems emerged recently; it was introduced by L.-S. Young and modified by D. Dolgopyat. It is based on coupling method borrowed from probability theory. We apply it here to one of the most physically interesting models—Sinai billiards. It allows us to derive a series of new results, as well as make significant improvements in the existing results. First we establish sharp bounds on correlations (including multiple correlations). Then we use our correlation bounds to obtain the central limit theorem (CLT), the almost sure invariance principle (ASIP), the law of iterated logarithms, and integral tests.     

Dispersing Billiards with Cusps: Slow Decay of Correlations

Dispersing billiards introduced by Sinai are uniformly hyperbolic and have strong statistical properties (exponential decay of correlations and various limit theorems). However, if the billiard table has cusps (corner points with zero interior angles), then its hyperbolicity is nonuniform and statistical properties deteriorate. Until now only heuristic and experimental results existed predicting the decay of correlations as . We present a first rigorous analysis of correlations for dispersing billiards with cusps.     

Witten Laplacian Method for The Decay of Correlations

The aim of this paper is to apply direct methods to the study of integrals that appear naturally in Statistical Mechanics and Euclidean Field Theory. We provide weighted estimates leading to the exponential decay of the two-point correlation functions for certain classical convex unbounded models. The methods involve the study of the solutions of the Witten Laplacian equations associated with the Hamiltonian of the system.     

On Decay of Correlations for Unbounded Spin Systems with Arbitrary Boundary Conditions

We propose a method based on cluster expansion to study the truncated correlations of unbounded spin systems uniformly in the boundary condition and in a possible external field. By this method we study the spin–spin truncated correlations of various systems, including the case of infinite range simply integrable interactions, and we show how suitable boundary conditions and/or external fields may improve the decay of the correlations.     

Decay of correlations in the regular Lorentz gas

The regular Lorentz gas on triangular lattice is studied numerically and analytically. The velocity correlation function is shown to decay exponentially in the number of collisions with a decay rate which vanishes as the scatterers approach close packing. The crossover to power law decay at close packing is described by a scaling function.     

Nonequilibrium Gas and Generalized Billiards

Generalized billiards describe nonequilibrium gas, consisting of finitely many particles, that move in a container, whose walls heat up or cool down. Generalized billiards can be considered both in the framework of the Newtonian mechanics and of the relativity theory. In the Newtonian case, a generalized billiard may possess an invariant measure; the Gibbs entropy with respect to this measure is constant. On the contrary, generalized relativistic billiards are always dissipative,and the Gibbs entropy with respect to the same measure grows under some natural conditions. In this article, we find the necessary and sufficient conditions for a generalized Newtonian billiard to possess a smooth invariant measure, which is independent of the boundary action: the corresponding classical billiard should have an additional first integral of special type. In particular,the generalized Sinai billiards do not possess a smooth invariant measure. We then consider generalized billiards inside a ball, which is one of the main examples of the Newtonian generalized billiards which does have an invariant measure. We construct explicitly the invariant measure, and find the conditions for the Gibbs entropy growth for the corresponding relativistic billiard both formonotone and periodic action of the boundary.     

Statistical properties of dynamical systems with singularities

We prove statistical properties of two-dimensional hyperbolic dynamical systems with singularities. Bunimovich, Sinai, and Chernov proved a theorem on the subexponential decay of correlations and a central limit theorem for billiard systems. In this paper we use their techniques to prove the same results for abstract systems.     

Statistical properties of the periodic Lorentz gas. Multidimensional case

In 1981 Bunimovich and Sinai established the statistical properties of the planar periodic Lorentz gas with finite horizon. Our aim is to extend their theory to the multidimensional Lorentz gas. In that case the Markov partitions of the Bunimovich-Sinai type, the main tool of their theory, are not available. We use a crude approximation to such partitions, which we call Markov sieves. Their construction in many dimensions is essentially different from that in two dimensions; it requires more routine calculations and intricate arguments. We try to avoid technical details and outline the construction of the Markov sieves in mostly qualitative, heuristic terms, hoping to carry out our plan in full detail elsewhere. Modulo that construction, our proofs are conclusive. In the end, we obtain a stretched-exponential bound for the decay of correlations, the central limit theorem, and Donsker's Invariance Principle for multidimensional periodic Lorentz gases with finite horizon.     

Decay of correlations in surface models

A convergent low-temperature expansion for a variety of models of twodimensional surfaces is presented. It yields existence of the thermodynamic limit for the pressure and correlation functions as well as analyticity inz =e ^– In addition, the estimates give exponential decay of truncated correlations, which proves the existence of a gap in the spectrum of the transfer matrix below the ground state eigenvalue. Two particular examples included in the general framework are the solid-on-solid and discrete Gaussian models.Supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant No. PHY 79-16812.     

Some Estimates for 2-Dimensional Infinite and Bounded Dilute Random Lorentz Gases

We present a (mostly) rigorous approach to unbounded and bounded (open) dilute random Lorentz gases. Relying on previous rigorous results on the dilute (Boltzmann–Grad) limit we compute the asymptotics of the Lyapunov exponent in the unbounded case. For the bounded open case in a circular region we give here an incomplete rigorous analysis which gives the asymptotics for large radius of the escape rate and of the rescaled quasi-invariant (q.i., or quasi-stationary) measure. We finally give a complete proof on existence and asymptotic properties of the q.i. measure in a one-dimensional caricature.     

Algebraic Decay in Hierarchical Graphs

We study the algebraic decay of the survival probability in open hierarchical graphs. We present a model of a persistent random walk on a hierarchical graph and study the spectral properties of the Frobenius–Perron operator. Using a perturbative scheme, we derive the exponent of the classical algebraic decay in terms of two parameters of the model. One parameter defines the geometrical relation between the length scales on the graph, and the other relates to the probabilities for the random walker to go from one level of the hierarchy to another. The scattering resonances of the corresponding hierarchical quantum graphs are also studied. The width distribution shows the scaling behavior P()1/.     

131Pm衰变的首次观测

利用³²S轰击¹⁰⁶Cd靶,通过3p4n反应产生了¹³¹Pm,反应产物经过毛细管及带收集传输系统传输到低本底区,测量了反应产物的X,γ单谱,并进行了X-γ,γ-γ符合测量,得到了¹³¹Pm的半衰期及衰变γ线,并建立了简单的衰变纲图.     

Analyticity of Smooth Eigenfunctions and Spectral Analysis of the Gauss Map

We provide a sufficient condition of analyticity of infinitely differentiable eigenfunctions of operators of the form Uf(x)=a(x,y)f(b(x,y))(dy) acting on functions (evolution operators of one-dimensional dynamical systems and Markov processes have this form). We estimate from below the region of analyticity of the eigenfunctions and apply these results for studying the spectral properties of the Frobenius–Perron operator of the continuous fraction Gauss map. We prove that any infinitely differentiable eigenfunction f of this Frobenius–Perron operator, corresponding to a non-zero eigenvalue admits a (unique) analytic extension to the set . Analyzing the spectrum of the Frobenius–Perron operator in spaces of smooth functions, we extend significantly the domain of validity of the Mayer and Röpstorff asymptotic formula for the decay of correlations of the Gauss map.     

Decay of correlations in spin systems

We investigate the decay of initial correlations in a spin system where each spin relaxes independently by an intramolecular mechanism. The equation of motion for the spin density matrix is assumed to be the Redfield equation, which is of the form of a quantum mechanical master equation. Our analysis of this problem is based on the techniques of Shuler, Oppenheim, and coworkers, who have studied the decay of correlations in systems which can be described by classical stochastic master equations. We find that the off-diagonal elements of the reduced spin density matrices approach their equilibrium values faster than the diagonal elements. The Ursell functions, which are a measure of the correlations in the system, decay to their zero equilibrium values faster than the spin density matrix except for the furthest off-diagonal elements. Far off-diagonal matrix elements of the spin density matrix approach equilibrium at the same rate as the Ursell functions, which is the important difference between the quantum mechanical model studied here and the classical models studied earlier.Supported in part by the National Science Foundation.     

Asymptotic Behaviour of Randomly Reflecting Billiards in Unbounded Tubular Domains

We study stochastic billiards in infinite planar domains with curvilinear boundaries: that is, piecewise deterministic motion with randomness introduced via random reflections at the domain boundary. Physical motivation for the process originates with ideal gas models in the Knudsen regime, with particles reflecting off microscopically rough surfaces. We classify the process into recurrent and transient cases. We also give almost-sure results on the long-term behaviour of the location of the particle, including a super-diffusive rate of escape in the transient case. A key step in obtaining our results is to relate our process to an instance of a one-dimensional stochastic process with asymptotically zero drift, for which we prove some new almost-sure bounds of independent interest. We obtain some of these bounds via an application of general semimartingale criteria, also of some independent interest.     

Ensemble Dynamics of Intermittency and Power-Law Decay

A spectral decomposition of the Frobenius–Perron operator is constructed for one-dimensional maps with intermittent chaos, using the method of coherent states. A technique using the spectral density function is applied to the the well-known cusp map, which generates weak type-II intermittency. Higher-order corrections are obtained to the leading 1/t long-time behavior of the x–x autocorrelation.     

相对论重离子碰撞中集合流的横向运动关联

本文对1.2AGeV Ar+BaI₂和2.1 AGeV Ne+NaF碰撞的Bevalac流光室4π实验数据进行了集合流横向运动关联特性的研究.研究表明,末态粒子的横向运动不仅存在粒子分布的方位角关联,而且还存在横向动量模的关联;Ar+BaI₂碰撞实验中粒子分布的方位角关联、横向动量模关联和横向运动关联都分别强于Ne+NaF碰撞实验中相对应的各种关联;对于这两组碰撞实验,粒子分布的方位角关联相对横向动量模关联在横向运动关联中起着主要作用.     

Infinite-horizon Lorentz tubes and gases: Recurrence and ergodic properties

We construct classes of two-dimensional aperiodic Lorentz systems that have infinite horizon and are ‘chaotic’, in the sense that they are (Poincaré) recurrent, uniformly hyperbolic, and ergodic, and the first-return map to any scatterer is K-mixing. In the case of the Lorentz tubes (i.e., Lorentz gases in a strip), we define general measured families of systems (ensembles) for which the above properties occur with probability 1. In the case of the Lorentz gases in the plane, we define families, endowed with a natural metric, within which the set of all chaotic dynamical systems is uncountable and dense.