物理学中的全量子化效应与新的探索

在一般的第一性原理计算中,原子核总是被近似成经典粒子.然而,在一些特殊的体系中,原子核的量子效应对体系的物理性质和物理过程有着至关重要的影响.在相关问题的模拟中,考虑了原子核量子效应的全量子化计算,展示了其独有的准确性.目前,路径积分分子动力学是被广泛采用的全量子化计算方法.而第一性原理的路径积分分子动力学不仅保留了第一性原理计算中电子结构和电子基态能量计算的方法,同时还应用费恩曼(Feynman)路径积分原理,得到了包含原子核量子信息的运动方程.张千帆等人应用第一性原理路径积分分子动力学,计算了BaZrO3中氢核的输运情况.结果表明,原子核的量子化对输运中两个不同的子过程有不同程度的影响,它使得有氢氧键断裂的T过程的势垒下降更多,使T过程成为快过程,从而验证了红外光谱实验的结果,同时否定了传统计算给出的T过程是慢过程的结论.     

物理学中的全量子化效应与新的探索

在一般的第一性原理计算中,原子核总是被近似成经典粒子.然而,在一些特殊的体系中,原子核的量子效应对体系的物理性质和物理过程有着至关重要的影响.在相关问题的模拟中,考虑了原子核量子效应的全量子化计算,展示了其独有的准确性.目前,路径积分分子动力学是被广泛采用的全量子化计算方法.而第一性原理的路径积分分子动力学不仅保留了第一性原理计算中电子结构和电子基态能量计算的方法,同时还应用费恩曼（Feynman）路径积分原理,得到了包含原子核量子信息的运动方程.张千帆等人应用第一性原理路径积分分子动力学,计算了BaZrO3中氢核的输运情况.结果表明,原子核的量子化对输运中两个不同的子过程有不同程度的影响,它使得有氢氧键断裂的T过程的势垒下降更多,使T过程成为快过程,从而验证了红外光谱实验的结果,同时否定了传统计算给出的T过程是慢过程的结论.     

On non-perturbative effects in the jet physics

We consider quark scattering off nonperturbative gluonic fields in the vacuum and its impact on the hadronic final state in thee ⁺ e ^?—annihilation. A conservative estimate gives a nonperturbativep _⊥?1GeV. The modification of the final state survives even at an arbitrary high energy, where the corrections to the total cross-section die away. We also argue that the coupling constant extracted from the perturbative treatment of the jet phenomenology can well be different from that governing the correction toσ _tot.     

Weak decays of heavy vector mesons toponium and open top

We point out that for sufficiently heavy top quark masses, i.e.,m _t ?20 GeV, weak interactions govern the decays ofboth the corresponding pseudoscalar and vector mesons,T andT ^* . Furthermore they significantly modify toponium decays. We discuss in detail the implications forT _b ^* decays and describe how especially its leptonic decays provide such spectacular signatures that they could serve to detect top production in hadron-hadron collisions. We also draw a scenario for toponium decays.     

Quantum chromodynamics effects in electroweak and Higgs physics

Several examples of the often intricate effects of higher-order quantum chromodynamics (QCD) corrections on predictions for hadron-collider observables, are discussed, using the production of electroweak gauge boson and the Standard Model Higgs boson as examples. Particular attention is given to the interplay of QCD effects and experimental cuts, and to the use of scale variations as estimates of theoretical uncertainties.     

New physics effects from B meson decays

In this talk, we point out some of the present and future possible signatures of physics beyond the Standard Model from B-meson decays, taking R-parity conserving and violating supersymmetry as illustrative examples. An expanded version is available on hep-ph archive.     

Mimicking trans-Planckian effects in the CMB with conventional physics

We investigate the possibility that fields coupled to the inflaton can influence the primordial spectrum of density perturbations through their coherent motion. For example, the second field in hybrid inflation might be oscillating at the beginning of inflation rather than at the minimum of its potential. Although this effect is washed out if inflation lasts long enough, we note that there can be up to 30e-foldings of inflation prior to horizon crossing of COBE fluctuations while still giving a potentially visible distortion. Such pumping of the inflaton fluctuations by purely conventional physics can resemble trans-Planckian effects which have been widely discussed. The distortions which they make to the CMB could leave a distinctive signature which differs from generic effects like tilting of the spectrum.     

Bound state perturbation method via SVZ sum rules: A toponium addendum

The recent study of the SVZ sum rules for systems in external fields is extended to the case of toponium.I would like to thank Prof. A. Di Giacomo for the hospitality at the Department of Theoretical Physics of the University of Pisa.On leave of absence from and address after April 15, 1986: Institute of Physics, Dúbravská cesta 9, 842 28 Bratislava, SSR.     

Darkon dark matter, unparticle effects and collider physics

In this talk I report recent results on the simplest dark matter model, the Darkon model, and supersymmetric unparticle effects on dark matter, and some implications for coUider physics. I first discuss dark matter properties and collider signatures in the Darkon model, and then I discuss some implications for dark matter if a scalar unparticle is introduced to the MSSM.     

Mass spectra of toponium and open top mesons and the step inR

Within a non-relativistic approach we derive model independent upper bounds on mass differences for top mesons. We describe the increase ofR in the region of top.