通过点击化学策略合成双取代功能性聚炔

我们报道利用叠氮基团与乙炔中间体（P2）的侧链端炔的1,3-偶极环加成反应实现双取代聚乙炔的后功能化（P3）的合成路线的设计和实验探索.其中聚乙炔前驱物（P2）由侧链带有三甲基硅乙炔的初级聚乙炔（P1）通过去硅化反应得到.P1由特殊设计的乙炔单体在WCl6-Ph4Sn催化作用下聚合得到.该单体有两个乙炔键,其中之一由三甲基硅封端.本文探索了两种合成路线,即＂两步法＂（目标聚合物P3从初级聚合物P1经由中间体P2得到）与＂一锅法＂（由P1一锅反应直接得到P3,中间体P2未经分离与纯化）.实验结果表明＂一锅法＂更简便,且目标产物P3-1比两步法得到的产物P3-2具有更高的纯度与分子量.聚合反应与聚合物结构通过凝胶色谱（GPC）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）与核磁共振氢谱（1HNMR）进行表征.     

可溶性稀土聚乙炔的合成及其聚合机理的研究

研究了各种催化体系、催化剂浓度及聚合条件对催化效率(f)和聚乙炔分子量()的影响。发现Nd(i-OC_3H_7)-AlR_3(R=C_2H_5,i-C_4H_9)催化体系可获得较大的可溶分数(q)。催化剂浓度、Al/Nd克分子比和聚合温度对f、及q均有一定影响。可溶性Nd(i-OC_3H_7)_3-AlR_3催化体系的UV光谱证实、Nd的价态与AlR_3混合与AlR_3混合后保持不变。PA的IR光谱示出,Nd(i-OC_3H_7)_3-Al(C_2H_5)_3及Nd(i-OC_3H_7)_3-Al(i-C_4H_9)_3体系获得的聚合物分别含有CH_3CH_2—和(CH_3)_2CHCH_2—末端基。上述结果表明,乙炔的聚合可能是通过单体在Nd-C键之间的插入进行的。     

乙炔在钍配合物催化体系下的聚合

<正> 聚乙炔掺入杂质后,做为高分子导电材料已引起人们的极大关注。有关聚乙炔(下称PA)的合成、结构及性能测试,以及电池研究已有很多报道,其催化剂体系已有关于Ti、V、Cr、W、Fe、Mo、Ni和Co等过渡金属化合物,稀土化合物合成PA的报道。本文进行了应用重元素钍的高配合物[Th(P_(204))_8Cl_4]与三乙基铝组合作为催化剂、使乙炔在常温下定向聚合的研究,得到具有余属光泽银白色的PA,顺式含量为80％,并对PA薄     

高强度高电导率聚乙炔的合成——醚类溶剂的结构对性能的影响

通过选用不同醚类结构做溶剂加热回流Ti(OBu)_4-AIEt_3催化剂,并采用非溶剂聚合方法进行乙炔聚合发现,所得HPPA膜的强度和电导率都有了较大提高。其中直链醚制得的PA膜强度(抗张强度大于100MPa)和空气稳定性比用环醚得到的PA膜高得多,但用前者时的乙炔聚合速率远低于后者。两体系得到的HPPA膜的碘掺杂电导率值相近(～10~3S/cm),拉伸后可达10~4S/cm量级。SEM、TEM及IR光谱的结果表明,不同醚制得的PA膜的纤维束直径及顺式含量有较大差别。     

稀土络合催化乙炔定向聚合

本文首次研究了应用稀土化合物作乙炔定向聚合催化剂,发现除钷外所有15个镧系元素的环烷酸盐或2-乙基己基膦酸盐与三烷基铝组合成的络合催化剂都可以使乙炔定向聚合。其特点是乙炔在室温(30℃～0℃)下聚合,便能制得高顺式(80％～100％)、具有金属光泽的银灰色聚乙炔薄膜,显示稀土络合催化剂是一类合成高顺式聚乙炔极其方便的优良催化剂。本文报道乙炔在膦酸稀土盐和环烷酸稀土催化剂中定向聚合特征,以及用红外光谱、热分析、顺磁共振、X衍射、扫描电子显微镜及电阻率测定等对所制备的稀土聚乙炔薄膜初步表征的结果。     

1,4-丁炔二醇的均聚及与苯乙炔的共聚研究

<正> 炔类聚合物由于具有长链π体系的结构特点,理论上可作为结构型导电聚合物,这一领域的研究工作正在迅速展开。 1,4-丁炔二醇(BD)可用PdCl_2,ZnCl_2,(Ph_3P)_2PdCl_2等多种催化剂催化聚合,得到长链共轭的聚(1,4-丁炔二醇)(PBD)。苯乙炔(PA)可用热聚合,光聚合、电聚合、自由基聚合、等离子体聚合、催化聚合等聚合方法,得到长链共轭的聚苯乙炔     

含膦酰杂菲侧基聚乙炔的合成与热稳定性

以2-(6-氧化-6-氢-二苯基(c,e)<1,2>氧杂磷酰基)-1,4-二羟基苯(ODOPB)结构单元为中心,在两侧通过酯化反应分别引入4-乙炔基苯甲酰基和4-烷氧基苯甲酰基,并作为乙炔单体,在[Rh(nbd)Cl]2催化下,30℃聚合得到了含磷酰杂菲(DOPO)基团的聚乙炔.1H-NMR和GPC分析表明,由于DOPO存在较大π共轭结构和较强极性效应,在诱导聚乙炔主链采取高反式构型的同时,增加了分子链内相邻侧基之间的相互作用,使整个分子链趋向二维共平面结构,有利于增强分子链之间的相互作用.TGA显示,与不含磷酰杂菲侧基的模型聚乙炔相比,DOPO的引入使聚乙炔呈现良好的热稳定性,起始热分解温度(T5%)接近400℃,说明通过增强分子链内侧基间相互作用有助于提高热稳定性.     

稀土络合催化苯乙炔直接成膜聚合 Ⅴ.苯乙炔在钕、铁混合络合催化体系中的直接成膜聚合

乙酰丙酮(AA)、苯酰丙酮(BA)为配体的钕(Nd)、铁(Fe)混合催化剂与三异丁基铝[Al(i-Bu)_3]组成络合催化体系,能使苯乙炔在甲苯/己烷混合溶剂中直接聚合成膜。研究了其聚合反应规律及动力学行为,并对聚苯乙炔膜进行了全面表征,揭示了钕、铁两组分催化剂具有协同催化效应。     

稀土络合催化苯乙炔直接成膜聚合 Ⅴ.苯乙炔在钕、铁混合络合催化体系中的直接成膜聚合

 乙酰丙酮(AA)、苯酰丙酮(BA)为配体的钕(Nd)、铁(Fe)混合催化剂与三异丁基铝[Al(i-Bu)₃]组成络合催化体系,能使苯乙炔在甲苯/己烷混合溶剂中直接聚合成膜。研究了其聚合反应规律及动力学行为,并对聚苯乙炔膜进行了全面表征,揭示了钕、铁两组分催化剂具有协同催化效应。     

乙炔在烯烃歧化催化剂上的聚合

近年来文献中出现了一些以歧化催化剂用于炔烃聚合的尝试^[1-4],例如以WCl₆-ph₄Sn、MoCl₅-ph₄Sn体系进行炔烃聚合反应,均有活性。我们在烯烃均相催化歧化反应的研究中,试探了将此类催化剂用于乙炔聚合,结果是:(1)试验过的7种催化体系均能使乙炔聚合,生成黑色不溶的高分子,红外光谱测定表明,得到的聚乙炔是顺式和反式结构的混合物,此外,部分乙炔尚三聚环化成苯;(2)不同催化剂作用下乙炔聚合和烯烃歧化的活性和选择性没有平行关系;(3)几种催化体系对乙炔高聚和环化三聚的选择性不同(见表1)。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.