火焰光谱与图像综合测试系统的设计

针对SR-5000红外光谱仪、AvaSpec-2048紫外光谱仪、高速CCD摄像机和标准火点火平台各个分立设备，设计了一套综合测试系统作为控制平台。该平台在配套的按键面板和操作软件下，能够启动某一设备单独工作，也能完成任何2个或多个设备的同时启动和数据同步采集。示波器测量显示，各个设备之间的同步延迟在50ns以内。通过实验，最终获得目标火焰在全波段范围内的光谱数据，并得到每一帧对应的火焰图像，为全面进行火焰光谱和图像研究以及燃烧特性分析奠定了基础。     

火焰长度的图像测量方法研究

提出了一种火焰长度的测量方法。该方法利用彩色面阵CCD相机获得火焰图像；根据火焰辐射强度和亮度之间的理论关系，提出了基于图像亮度来提取火焰图像；依据提取的火焰图像，提出了一种确定火焰边界和计算火焰长度的算法。最后用蜡烛在实验室进行了试验验证。利用Matlab提取火焰亮度图像，并进行了滤波处理；利用Visual C＃编程技术，依据所提取的火焰边界和长度计算方法，得到火焰实际长度。该方法代替了传统的手工测量，操作方便、简单。试验表明该方法能达到理想的测量结果。     

湍流预混火焰传播速度的分形模型研究

本文利用激光层析技术和数字图像处理技术,在对Ｒｅｄ＝４３３５～１１１００范围内的Ｂｕｎｓｅｎ式湍流预混火焰热图像序列进行分形分析的基础上,提出了一种基于分形理论的湍流预混火焰传播速度模型,该模型将小尺度涡团在火焰锋面的强化湍流扩散效应归结为对锋面结构的改变上。结果表明：利用该模型预测的火焰传播速度与试验结果基本吻合。     

现代光谱对燃烧与爆炸过程瞬态温度的实时诊断技术

燃烧温度是表征燃烧和爆炸行为和特征的重要参数之一,它将有效地指导新型炸药,火工品,爆破器材和新型武器的设计与制造。本文综述了现代光谱对火焰与爆炸过程瞬态温度的实时诊断技术,如原子发射-吸收光谱法、原子发射双谱线法、原子发射多谱线光谱法、分子转振光谱法、激光相干反斯托克斯拉曼光谱法和平面激光诱导荧光光谱法的应用和新近发展。其中原子发射-吸收光谱法的最大时间分辨率可达25μs,双谱线法的时间分辨率可高达0.1μs,完全适应于猛烈的爆炸和燃烧火焰的瞬态实时温度诊断的需要。其他的方法也将对研究火焰与爆炸过程的规律和燃烧瞬态特征的表征提供了新的有效的研究方法。     

激光诱导击穿火焰等离子体光谱研究

采用PI-MAX-II型增强型电荷耦合器件, 用Nd:YAG纳秒脉冲激光器输出的1064 nm强光束击穿在一个大气压的空气中燃烧的酒精灯火焰, 对激光诱导击穿酒精灯火焰产生的等离子体光谱进行了初步研究. 根据美国国家标准与技术研究院原子发射谱线数据库, 对等离子体中的主要元素的特征谱线进行了标识和归属. 通过激光诱导击穿空气等离子体光谱、激光诱导击穿酒精灯火焰等离子体光谱、激光诱导酒精喷灯火焰等离子体光谱的对比分析, 发现不同燃烧状况下的光谱中各原子谱线的相对强度是不同的. 这些结果对于使用激光诱导击穿技术分析和研究碳氢燃料在空气中的燃烧特性具有重要的意义和参考价值, 同时也为将该技术应用于燃烧诊断提供了实验依据.     

燃烧喷焰的红外辐射特性分析

在探测燃烧形成的火焰目标时,由于不同红外波段辐射特性不同,不同波段下成像效果差异明显。以喷枪火焰为研究对象,用仿真与实验相结合分析了其在近红外(0.9～1.7 μm)、中红外(3.8～4.7 μm)、远红外(7.5～13 μm)三个波段下的红外辐射特性。从气体辐射理论出发,根据辐射传输方程对喷焰在0.9～1.7 μm、3.8～4.7 μm、7.5～13 μm三个波段下的红外辐射特性进行了计算和比较。通过辐射成像实验,对响应波段的辐射图像信息进行了采集,并与仿真计算结果进行了比对分析。结果表明:在640×512分辨率下火焰的中波红外成像目标像素约10 000个,包含了最多的信息量,其红外辐射强度最大,长波红外有效目标像素约7 000个,但其红外辐射分布最广且受环境影响最小,近红外成像像素约3 400个。为各类动力目标的探测和识别以及图像的融合、信息增强等提供了依据。     

用高空气球搭载微重力实验研究浮力对预混V形火焰的影响

在地面实验中观测到的燃烧现象,包含了浮力的影响。利用微重力实验在浮力消失后研究火焰,有助于深入理解燃烧过程。本文介绍了利用高空气球搭载微重力实验对甲烷－空气预混Ｖ形火焰的研究。实验提供了长时间微重力环境下火焰的动态图像。利用计算机图像处理方法对火焰图像的分析表明,在本实验的工况下,微重力下预混Ｖ形火焰锋面的张角比正常重力下变大,皱折和摆动加剧。这说明浮力确实影响预混燃烧过程。     

预混火焰拉伸和曲率效率的物理分析

湍流燃烧的基本火焰结构是拉伸的曲面涡管;拉伸流场中的管形火焰模拟了湍流燃烧的细微结构。本文对平面预混火焰、拉伸预混火焰和管形拉伸预混火焰进行了质量、能量和组分的守恒分析。通过对比这几种火焰,揭示了火焰拉伸效果是通过优先扩散改变火焰温度和熄火极限;而火焰曲率通过增强或削弱这种优先扩散效果来影响火焰温度,影响的大小和火焰厚度与火焰半径的比值呈正比。     

基于边缘流的煤电厂炉膛火焰图像分割方法

针对炉膛火焰灰度变化不明显采用传统的分割算法无法达到满意分割效果的问题,采用了基于边缘流的分割方法对电厂炉膛火焰图像进行分割;首先选用高精度的灰度边缘流对图像进行分割,得到边缘流的矢量方向和边缘能量,然后再对图像闭合处理得到初始分割图像,最后,再利用颜色相似度对相邻区域进行处理,得到最终分割图像,该方法不仅避免了单纯边缘流算法提取边界不连续无法检出较弱边界的问题,而且也可以避免过分割问题;通过实验表明,基于边缘流的方法是对炉膛火焰图像进行分割的有效方法。     

火焰周边扰流脱火效能的图像分析技术

 脱火现象的分析研究是喷射火灾脱火法施救等诸多技术的重要基础。论文提出并较为深入地研究了火焰周边扰动气流脱火效能的图像分析技术。详细阐述了技术思想,分析了图像的获取及其信息的处理过程,建立了求解表征扰流脱火效能的火焰脱开距离数学模型,并通过专门设计的实验,初步验证了这一分析技术的可行性,为脱火现象的分析研究提供了重要的技术基础。     

人工神经网络用于燃烧火焰状态识别的研究

1引言燃烧过程是一个强非线性动力学系统，其稳定性是直接通过燃烧火焰状态的变化反映。燃烧状态变化受到燃料、配风等诸多因素制约，具有很强的模糊及随机特性［‘－‘］。实际生产中，大型电站锅炉的燃烧稳定性直接影响到整个电力工业的经济性和安全性，目前以此为背景的锅炉火焰监视系统所能完成的功能距实时性、智能化的要求相差甚远。本文针对CmHn和煤粉火焰进行了多因素变工况试验研究，在此基础上，从可视化角度，提出基于人工神经网络（AN用理论的火焰状态识别模型。ANN是目前最突出的智能化理论，它可以很好的模拟非线性系统的…     

一种基于柱透镜光栅的计算机辅助彩色立体图片合成方法

对基于柱透镜光栅的立体照片的制作原理进行了理论分析,推导了立体成像的光学原理,结合现代数字图像处理技术,对多幅图像的匹配及合成方法进行了分析,提出和实现了一种计算机辅助彩色立体图片合成方法。实验结果表明,利用计算机系统进行彩色立体图片制作是一种完全可行的方案,较之传统的立体照片制作工艺,在经济性及使用灵活性等方面具有非常明显的优势     

Basic oxygen furnace steelmaking end-point prediction based on computer vision and general regression neural network

End-point prediction is one of the most difficult problems in basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steelmaking process. To address this problem, some researchers have proposed some methods based on flame image processing and pattern classification. Because of the dynamically changing flame and real-time needs during the blowing process, there are still some issues that need to be solved. We propose a novel method based on accurate and fast multi flame features extraction and general regression neural network (GRNN). Firstly, flame images were acquired, and then the background of each image was removed via color similarity determination algorithm; secondly, color, texture, and boundary features were extracted; the fast and robust boundary and texture features were extracted by using the proposed methods, and these features were tested for their validity to the end-point prediction via comparing them with some other similar methods; finally, the prediction model was built using multi-features and GRNN. The experimental results demonstrated that it is accurate and fast to use the proposed method to the BOF end-point predict.     

Composite and classified color display in MR imaging of the female pelvis.

Because of its superior soft-tissue-imaging capabilities, MRI has proved to be an excellent modality for visualizing the contents of the female pelvis. In an effort to potentially improve gynecological MRI studies, we have applied color composite techniques to sets of spin-echo and gradient-echo gray-tone MR images obtained from various individuals. For composite generation, based on tissue region of interest calculated mean pixel intensity values, various colors were applied to spatially aligned images using a DEC MicroVAX II computer with interactive digital language (IDL) so that tissue contrast patterns could be optimized in the final image. The IDL procedures, which are similar to those used in NASA's LANDSAT image processing system, allowed the generation of single composite images displaying the combined information present in a series of spatially aligned images acquired using different pulse sequences. With our composite generation techniques, it was possible to generate seminatural-appearing color images of the female pelvis that possessed enhanced conspicuity of specific tissues and fluids. For comparison with color composites, classified images were also generated based on computer recognition and statistical separation of distinct tissue intensity patterns in an image set using the maximum likelihood processing algorithm.     

An Optimized Quantum Representation for Color Digital Images

With the continuous development of quantum computation, quantum mechanics has been widely exploited to meet the storage requirement of high definition image. In this paper, an optimized quantum representation for color digital images (OCQR) is proposed, which makes full use of quantum superposition characteristic to store the RGB value of every pixel. Compared with latest novel quantum representation of color digital images (NCQI), OCQR uses nearly one-third times the qubits to store the pixel value. Meanwhile, some image processing operations related to color information can be executed more simultaneously and conveniently based on OCQR. Therefore, the proposed OCQR model is better suited to represent the quantum color image.     

自适应参考图像的可见光与热红外彩色图像融合算法

可见光与红外热图像的彩色图像融合技术是现今国内外高性能夜视技术发展的重要方向之一,该技术有效提高了人们对目标的探测和场景理解能力。目前常用的色彩传递算法多属于基于单幅参考图像的全局色彩传递算法,彩色融合图像的色调受到参考图像的影响较大,在实际应用中难以保证对各类场景的适应性。针对常规YUV空间色彩传递彩色图像融合算法的环境适应性问题,通过对植物、城镇和海天三类典型场景的分类与统计,发现了典型场景在UV通道的均值和标准差具有的较为明显的分类特性,由此提出了一种基于UV通道均值和标准差的自适应参考图像构造方法,使得可见光与热红外彩色图像融合算法具有较常规算法更好的环境适应性,融合图像的色彩具有较好的自然感,且算法处理量较小,对现有实时硬件融合处理算法的运算速度影响不大,是一种环境适应性强的自然感彩色融合处理算法。     

Modes of particle combustion in iron dust flames

The so-called argon/helium test is proposed to identify the combustion mode of particles in iron dust flames. Iron powders of different particle sizes varying from 3 to 34 μm were dispersed in simulated air compositions where nitrogen was replaced by argon and helium. Due to the independence of the particle burning rate on the oxygen diffusivity in the kinetic mode, the ratio between the flame speeds in helium and argon mixtures is expected to be smaller if the particle burning rate is controlled by reaction kinetics rather than oxygen diffusion. Experiments were performed in a reduced-gravity environment on a parabolic flight aircraft to prevent particle settling and buoyancy-driven disruption of the flame. Uniform suspensions of the iron powders were produced inside glass tubes and a flame was initiated at the open end of the tube. Quenching plate assemblies of various channel widths were installed inside the tube and pass or quench events were used to measure the quenching distance. Flame propagation was recorded by a high-speed digital camera and spectral measurements were used to determine the temperature of the condensed emitters in the flame. The measured flame speeds and quenching distances were in good agreement with previously developed one-dimensional, dust flame model where the particles are assumed to burn in a diffusive mode and heat losses are described on a volumetric basis. However, a significant drop of the ratio of flame speeds in helium and argon mixtures was observed for finer 3 μm particles and was attributed to a transition from the combustion controlled by diffusion for larger particles to kinetically controlled burning of micron-size particles. In helium mixtures, the lower flame temperatures measured in suspensions of fine particles in comparison to larger particles reinforces this assumption.