New Iridoid Triesters from Valeriana jatamansi

Two new iridoid triesters, valeriotriates A ( 1 ) and B ( 2 ), were isolated from the roots of Valeriana jatamansi Jones . Their structures were elucidated by HR‐ESI‐MS and 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopy.     

Prenylated Indole Alkaloid Derivatives from Marine Sediment‐Derived Fungus Penicillium paneum SD‐44

Three new prenylated indole alkaloids, including two β‐carbolines, penipalines A and B ( 1 and 2 , resp.), and one indole carbaldehyde derivative, penipaline C ( 3 ), as well as two known indole derived analogs, 4 and 5 , were isolated from the deep‐sea‐sediment derived fungus Penicillium paneum SD‐44 cultured in a 500‐l bioreactor. The structures of the new compounds were determined on the basis of 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopy, as well as by high‐resolution mass spectrometry. The new compounds 2 and 3 showed potent cytotoxic activities against A‐549 and HCT‐116 cell lines.     

Tanacetamide D: A New Ceramide from Tanacetum artemisioides

One new ceramide (=long‐chain base linked to a fatty acid via an amide bond), tanacetamide D ( 1 ), was isolated from Tanacetum artemisioides. Besides this, the two known constituents 5‐demethylnobiletin ( 2 ) and 5‐hydroxy‐3,6,7,8,3′,4′‐hexamethoxyflavone ( 3 ) were isolated for the first time from this species. The structure elucidation of the isolated compounds were based primarily on 2D‐NMR techniques including correlation spectroscopy (COSY), heteronuclear multiple‐quantum coherence (HMQC), heteronuclear multiple‐bond correlation (HMBC), and nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) experiments.     

Three New Cyclolanostane Triterpenoids from the Ethanol Extract of the Stems of Kadsura heteroclita

Three new cyclolanostane triterpenoids, 1 – 3 , were isolated from the EtOH extract of the stems of Kadsura heteroclita. Their structures and configurations were determined by extensive 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopy, high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HR‐MS), and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The three new compounds are likely to be artificial products formed during the extraction process, and might be derived from schisanlactone E ( 4 ) and two related double‐bond isomers, respectively.     

Sesquiterpene Coumarins from Ferula Foetida

A thorough investigation of the ethyl acetate soluble fraction from a methanol extract of the resin of Ferula foetida has resulted in the isolation of a new sesquiterpene coumarin namely epi‐conferdione ( 1 ), along with four known compounds, colladonin ( 2 ), karatavicinol ( 3 ), 8‐acetoxy‐5‐hydroxyumbelliprenin ( 4 ), and asacoumarin ( 5 ). These structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic techniques, including 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The absolute configuration of the new compound was established by circular dichroism (CD).     

Novel Naphthoquinones from Heterophragma adenophyllum

A new symmetric naphthoquinone dimer, dilapachone ( 1 ), and a novel asymmetric naphthoquinone dimer, adenophyllone ( 2 ), were isolated from the heartwood of Heterophragma adenophyllum. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic means including high‐resolution mass, UV, IR, 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopy.     

New Glycosides from Salvia moorcroftiana (Lamiaceae)

From the MeOH extract of Salvia moorcroftiana Wall. (Lamiaceae), four new compounds, the two flavonoid glycosides genkwanin 4′‐[O‐α‐L ‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐β‐D ‐galactopyranoside] ( 1 ) and genkwanin 4′‐[O‐α‐L ‐arabinopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐α‐L ‐rhamnopyranoside] ( 2 ), and the two benzene derivatives 4‐hydroxy‐2‐isopropyl‐5‐methylphenyl O‐α‐L ‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐β‐D ‐glucopyranoside ( 3 ) and nonyl 4‐hydroxybenzoate ( 4 ), were isolated in addition to two known compounds. The structures of all new compounds were determined by 1D and 2D homonuclear and heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy and by comparison with published data.     

Two New Cytotoxic Alkaloids from Mappianthus iodoides Hand.‐Mazz.

Two new alkaloids, mappine A ( 1 ) and mapposidic acid ( 2 ), together with eleven known compounds, were isolated from the stems of Mappianthus iodoides Hand.‐Mazz. Their structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic and mass‐spectrometric analyses, particularly 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopy. The cytotoxic activities of the two new alkaloids were also evaluated.     

Polyprenylated Phloroglucinol Derivatives from Hypericum sampsonii

Six new prenylated phloroglucinol derivatives, hypersampsones A–F ( 1 – 6 ), were isolated from the aerial part of Hypericum sampsonii, together with 2,4,6‐trihydroxybenzophenone, 2,4,6‐trihydroxybenzophenone 4‐O‐geranyl ether, 2,4,6‐trihydroxybenzophenone 3‐C‐geranyl ether, sampsoniones D and H. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, mainly 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.     

Five New Tetranortriterpenoids from the Seeds of Toona ciliata

Five new tetranortriterpenoids, toonaciliatones B–F ( 1 – 5 , resp.), together with four known compounds, dihydrocedrelone ( 6 ), cedrelone ( 7 ), 6α‐acetoxyazadirone ( 8 ), and 6α‐acetoxy‐14β,15β‐epoxyazadirone ( 9 ), were isolated from the seeds of Toona ciliata. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopy.     

Two New Lignans from Phryma leptostachya L.

Haedoxancoside A ( 1 ), a new sesquilignan glycoside, and phrymarolin V ( 2 ), a new lignan, together with two known compounds, were isolated from Phryma leptostachya L. Their structures were determined on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, mainly 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopy as well as mass spectrometry. This is the first report of a sesquilignan glycoside isolated from a species of the Phrymaceae family.     

Two New Cytotoxic Naphthoquinones from Didymocarpus hedyotideus

A new naphthoquinone, 6‐hydroxy‐α‐dunnione ( 1 ) and a new binaphthoquinone, methyl 1,1′,4,4′‐tetrahydro‐3‐hydroxy‐1,1′,4,4′‐tetraoxo[2,2′‐binaphthalene]‐3′‐carboxylate ( 2 ), along with ten known compounds, including naphthoquinones, anthraquinones, and phenylethanoid glucosides, were isolated from the roots of Didymocarpus hedyotideus Chun . Their structures were identified by spectroscopic analyses, particularly 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopy. The cytotoxic activities of the two new naphthoquinones were also evaluated.     

Three New Pentacyclic Triterpenoids from Lantana camara

Three new pentacyclic triterpenes ursoxy acid ( 1 ), methyl ursoxylate ( 2 ), and ursangilic acid ( 3 ), along with three known compounds dotriacontanoic acid, oleanolic acid acetate, and tetracosanoic acid, were isolated from the aerial parts of Lantana camara Linn . Structures of the new compounds were elucidated by chemical transformation and spectral studies including 1D (¹H‐ and ¹³C‐NMR) and 2D (COSY‐45, NOESY, J‐resolved, HMQC, and HMBC) NMR spectroscopy.     

Neolignans from the Fruits of Magnolia obovata Inhibit NO Production and Have Neuroprotective Effects

One new sesquineolignan, obovatalignan A ( 1 ), and one new neolignan, obovatalignan B ( 2 ), were isolated from the Magnolia obovata fruits. Their chemical structure, including absolute configuration, was determined based on various spectroscopic methods, such as HR‐EI‐MS, 1D‐NMR (¹H, ¹³C, DEPT), 2D‐NMR (gCOSY, gHSQC, gHMBC, NOESY), and CD spectroscopy. The compounds were evaluated for protective effects against glutamate‐induced oxidative stress in HT22‐immortalized hippocampal cells and inhibitory activity against NO production in LPS‐induced RAW 264.7 cells. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited protective effects against glutamate‐induced oxidative stress with EC₅₀ values of 18.1 ± 1.23 and 7.10 ± 0.78 μm , respectively, as well as inhibitory effects on NO production with IC₅₀ values of > 30.0 and 8.22 ± 2.01 μm , respectively.     

A New Indole Alkaloid from Cleome droserifolia

The phytochemical investigations on Cleome droserifolia resulted in the isolation and characterization of a new indole alkaloid, 5‐hydroxy‐2‐methoxy‐1‐methyl‐1H‐indole‐3‐carbaldehyde ( 1 ). The structure elucidation was carried out on the basis of 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR techniques. In addition to 1 , two known aromatic derivatives, veratrol ( 2 ) and 2‐methoxy‐4‐methylacetophenone ( 3 ), were also obtained. All these compounds were purified by repeated column chromatography of the CH₂Cl₂ fraction obtained from MeOH extract of Cleome droserifolia. The structure of the new compound 1 was finally confirmed by the combined 1D (¹H‐ and ¹³C‐) and 2D (H? C correlations; HMBC and HSQC) NMR and IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (MS), and UV absorption spectroscopy techniques. The comparison of the physical and spectroscopic data with those in the literature provided evidence for the structure confirmation of known compounds. All the purified compounds were subjected to urease and α‐glucosidase enzymes inhibition. The results showed that compound 1 was more potent with an IC₅₀ value 11.97±2.067 μg/ml towards urease inhibition, while the activity of α‐glucosidase enzyme was marginal.     

Novel Sesquiterpenes from Ligularia virgaurea spp. oligocephala

Two novel sesquiterpene dimers, ligularin A ( 1 ) and ligulolide D ( 2 ), and one new sesquiterpenoid, 1β,10α‐dihydroxy‐6β‐[(2‐methylpropyl)oxy]furanoeremophil‐9‐one ( 3 ), as well as two known sesquiterpenoids, 6β‐[(2‐methylpropyl)oxy]‐furanoeremophil‐1(10)‐en‐9‐one ( 4 ) and 1‐hydroxy‐3,7‐dimethyl‐2‐(pent‐3‐enyl)benzofuran ( 5 ), were isolated from the petroleum‐ether fraction from an alcoholic extract of the whole plant of Ligularia virgaurea spp. oligocephala. Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D‐NMR spectroscopy together with HR‐ESI‐MS analysis, and comparison of the spectroscopic data with those reported for structurally related compounds. In addition, the cytotoxicities against human gastric cancer SGC‐7910 cell were measured in vitro, the results demonstrated that these sesquiterpenes have no cytotoxicity against the selected tumor cell (all IC₅₀ values >200 μM ).     

Tocopherols and Triterpenoids from Sida acuta

A new tocopherol derivative, 7_a‐methoxy‐α‐tocopherol ( 1 ), and a new taraxastane triterpene, taraxast‐1,20(30)‐dien‐3‐one ( 5 ), together with four known compounds, β‐tocopherol ( 2 ), α‐tocopherol ( 3 ), α‐tocospiro B ( 4 ) and taraxasterone ( 6 ) were isolated from the whole plant of Sida acuta. Their structures were elucidated by spectral analysis including MS, 1D and 2D‐NMR spectroscopy. Among those compounds, compounds 1 , 2 , and 3 showed significant antioxidant effect (EC₅₀ = 86.9, 68.2, and 70.9 μM, respectively) in the DPPH radicals scavenging activity assay.     

Triterpenoidal Secondary Metabolites from Lantana Camara Linn.

Three new pentacyclic triterpenoids, camarin ( 1 ), lantacin ( 2 ), and camarinin ( 3 ) were isolated from the aerial parts of Lantana camara Linn ., together with seven known compounds. The structures of the new constituents were elucidated by chemical transformation, HR‐EI mass spectrometry, and NMR spectroscopy, including 1D (¹H‐ and ¹³C‐NMR) and 2D (¹H,¹H‐COSY, NOESY, ¹H,¹H‐TOCSY, J‐resolved, HMQC, and HMBC) experiments.     

Flavonoid Constituents from Spiraea brahuica

Sparins A–C ( 1 – 3 , resp.), three new flavonoids, were isolated from the CHCl₃ subfraction of the EtOH extract of the whole plant of Spiraea brahuica, along with 3′,7‐di‐O‐methylquercetin ( 4 ) and luteolin 7‐β‐D ‐glucopyranoside ( 5 ), reported for the first time from this species. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques including MS and 2D‐NMR spectroscopy.     

Albaconol,A Novel Prenylated Resorcinol (=Benzene‐1,3‐diol) from Basidiomycetes Albatrellus confluens

The new substance albaconol ( 1 ) was isolated along with grifolin ( 2 ), emeheterone ( 3 ), and the pyrazinol derivative 4 from the fresh fruiting bodies of the basidiomycetes Albatrellus confluens. Structures were established by spectral analysis, including 2D NMR spectroscopy. Albaconol ( 1 ) possesses the skeleton of a drimane‐type sesquiterpenoid, which is directly connected to a resorcinol (=benzene‐1,3‐diol) moiety; this prenylated resorcinol represents a new C skeleton.