New contribution to scattering of weakly interacting massive particles on nuclei

A weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) is perhaps the most promising candidate for the dark matter in the Galactic halo. The WIMP detection rate in laboratory searches is fixed by the cross section for elastic WIMP-nucleus scattering. Here we calculate the contribution to this cross section from two-nucleon currents from pion exchange in the nucleus and show that it may, in some cases, be comparable to the one-nucleon current that has been considered in prior work and perhaps help resolve the discrepancies between the various direct dark-matter search experiments. We provide simple expressions that allow these new contributions to be included in current calculations.     

Effects of nuclear structure in the spin-dependent scattering of weakly interacting massive particles

We present calculations of the nuclear from factors for spin-dependent elastic scattering of dark matter WIMPs from¹²³Te and¹³¹Xe isotopes, proposed to be used for dark matter detection. A method based on the theory of finite Fermi systems was used to describe the reduction of the single-particle spin-dependent matrix elements in the nuclear medium. Nucleon single-particle states were calculated in a realistic shell model potential; pairing effects were treated within the BCS model. The coupling of the lowest single-particle levels in¹²³Te to collective 2⁺ excitations of the core was taken into account phenomenologically. The calculated nuclear form factors are considerably less then the single-particle ones for low momentum transfer. At high momentum transfer some dynamical amplification takes place due to the pion exchange term in the effective nuclear interaction. But as the momentum transfer increases, the difference disappears, the momentum transfer increases and the quenching effect disappears. The shape of the nuclear form factor for the¹³¹Xe isotope differs from the one obtained using an oscillator basis.     

Nonthermal production of weakly interacting massive particles and the subgalactic structure of the universe

There is increasing evidence that conventional cold dark matter (CDM) models lead to conflicts between observations and numerical simulations of dark matter halos on subgalactic scales, which rules out the favored candidates for CDM, namely weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). We propose a mechanism of nonthermal production of WIMPs and study its implications on the power spectrum. Our results show that, in this context, WIMPs as candidates for dark matter can work well both on large scales and on subgalactic scales.     

Quenching of the spin-dependent scattering of weakly interacting massive particles on heavy nuclei

We present calculations of the quenching of the spin-dependent elastic scattering cross section for dark matter WIMPs on heavy nuclei. The theory of finite Fermi systems was used to describe the behavior of the nuclear spin matrix elements in the nuclear medium. The results of the calculations for planned dark matter detector nuclei are not only always smaller than corresponding single particle estimations but in some cases also differ from the ones obtained by using measured nuclear magnetic moments.One of the authors (M.A.N.) wants to thank the Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (Heidelberg, Germany) for the hospitality during the time in which this work was carried out, and the Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD) for financial support.     

Limits on interactions between weakly interacting massive particles and nucleons obtained with CsI(Tl) crystal detectors

The Korea Invisible Mass Search (KIMS) experiment presents new limits on the weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP)-nucleon cross section using data from an exposure of 3409 kg.d taken with low-background CsI(Tl) crystals at the Yangyang Underground Laboratory. The most stringent limit on the spin-dependent interaction for a pure proton case is obtained. The DAMA signal region for both spin-independent and spin-dependent interactions for the WIMP masses greater than 20 GeV/c2 is excluded by the single experiment with crystal scintillators.     

Limits on masses and number of neutral weakly interacting particles

Limits on the masses and number of neutral weakly interacting particles are derived using cosmological arguments. No such particles with a mass between 120 eV and 3 GeV can exist within the usual big band model. Similar, but much more severe, restrictions follow for particles that interact only gravitationally. This seems of importance with respect to supersymmetric theories.     

New limits on interactions between weakly interacting massive particles and nucleons obtained with CsI(Tl) crystal detectors

New limits are presented on the cross section for weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) nucleon scattering in the KIMS CsI(T?) detector array at the Yangyang Underground Laboratory. The exposure used for these results is 24?524.3 kg·days. Nuclei recoiling from WIMP interactions are identified by a pulse shape discrimination method. A low energy background due to alpha emitters on the crystal surfaces is identified and taken into account in the analysis. The detected numbers of nuclear recoils are consistent with zero and 90% confidence level upper limits on the WIMP interaction rates are set for electron equivalent energies from 3 to 11 keV. The 90% upper limit of the nuclear recoil event rate for 3.6-5.8 keV corresponding to 2-4 keV in NaI(T?) is 0.0098 counts/kg/keV/day, which is below the annual modulation amplitude reported by DAMA. This is incompatible with interpretations that enhance the modulation amplitude such as inelastic dark matter models. We establish the most stringent cross section limits on spin-dependent WIMP-proton elastic scattering for the WIMP masses greater than 20 GeV/c2.     

Superradiance of massive scalar particles around rotating regular black holes

Regular black holes, as part of an important attempt to eliminate the singularities in general relativity,have been of wide concern. Because the superradiance associated with rotating regular black holes plays an indispensable role in black hole physics, we calculate the superradiance related effects, i.e., the superradiance instability and the energy extraction efficiency, for a scalar particle with a small mass around a rotating regular black hole,where the rotating regular black hole is const...     

Limits on spin-independent interactions of weakly interacting massive particles with nucleons from the two-tower run of the cryogenic dark matter search

We report new results from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS II) at the Soudan Underground Laboratory. Two towers, each consisting of six detectors, were operated for 74.5 live days, giving spectrum-weighted exposures of 34 (12) kg d for the Ge (Si) targets after cuts, averaged over recoil energies 10-100 keV for a weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) mass of 60 GeV/c2. A blind analysis was conducted, incorporating improved techniques for rejecting surface events. No WIMP signal exceeding expected backgrounds was observed. When combined with our previous results from Soudan, the 90% C.L. upper limit on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross section is 1.6 x 10(-43) cm2 from Ge and 3 x 10(-42) cm2 from Si, for a WIMP mass of 60 GeV/c2. The combined limit from Ge (Si) is a factor of 2.5 (10) lower than our previous results and constrains predictions of supersymmetric models.     

Green's temperature functions of massive scalar particles for finite matter density

An explicit expression is obtained for the Green's functions of a massive scalar field for nonnull temperatures and density in the form of a series in powers of m/T. The equivalence of the spectral-geometric approach and the temperature technique of Matsubara and Bernard is demonstrated. Corrections to the Stefan-Boltzmann law are obtained on the basis of the calculated Green's functions. The energy density is calculated in regions of high and low temperatures. The formulas obtained can prove to be useful in the discussion of the phase transition hadrons-quark-gluon plasma.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 7, pp. 32–40, July, 1991.     

Self-diffusion of particles interacting through a square-well or square-shoulder potential

The diffusion coefficient and velocity autocorrelation function for a fluid of particles interacting through a square-well or square-shoulder potential are calculated from a kinetic theory similar to the Davis-Rice-Sengers theory and the results are compared to those of computer simulations. At low densities the theory yields too low estimates due to the neglect of correlations between subsequent partial collisions of identical pairs; in particular, the neglect of boundstate effects appears important. At intermediate densities the theory makes reasonable predictions and at high densities it produces too high values, due to the neglect of ring terms and other correlated collision events. The results for the square-shoulder potential generally exhibit better agreement between theory and simulations than do those for the square-well potential.     

Phase separation in dispersions of weakly interacting particles induced by non-adsorbing polymer

The addition of a non-adsorbing polymer (polydimethylsiloxane) to dispersions of hydrophobic silica particles in cyclohexane induces phase separation by means of the depletion interaction. The strength and range of the weak, attractive potential, in this otherwise hard sphere system, may be independently controlled by means of the free polymer concentration and molecular weight, respectively. Depending on the particle size and molecular weight of the polymer, as well as the particle number concentration, analogues of the molecular gas/liquid, gas/solid and liquid/solid phase transitions may each be observed, in accordance with the predictions of recent statistical mechanical theories.     

弱磁场中弱相互作用费米气体的有限粒子数效应(英文)

由弱磁场中弱相互作用费米气体的配分函数,导出有限粒子数条件下系统的配分函数G(β,N ).在此基础上,运用统计平均方法求解有限粒子数弱相互作用费米气体热力学量的解析表达式,给出各种温度条件下的热力学性质.研究结果表明,有限粒子数效应使各个热力学量都产生了一个修正项,除温度趋于0外,粒子数对化学势的修正项有直接影响,对内能和热容量的修正项并不产生直接影响.并且有限粒子数效应总是降低化学势,从而使化学势的0点向低温漂移,粒子数增大,会削弱这种效应,粒子间的相互排斥会加强这种效应.