运动状态下液体轴对称抛撒首次破碎的实验研究

在实验室条件下利用组合式激波管设备,对运动状态下液体轴对称抛撒进行了实验研究。通过纹影装置获得其所形成雾化场的外形轮廓照片,测量获得了液核发生首次破碎的位置与对称轴之间的距离。通过对抛撒过程中R-T不稳定性与K-H不稳定性的分析认为,轴向气流作用下液体轴对称抛撒的首次破碎点与对称轴的距离主要由轴向气流的速度、轴向气流的密度、液体轴对称抛撒的出口速度、抛撒液体的表面张力系数、环形喷口的宽度等参数所决定。在此基础上,利用相似性理论和无量纲分析,获得了运动状态下液体轴对称抛撒首次破碎点与对称轴之间的距离与相关参数的无量纲关系式。     

在轴向气流作用下液体轴对称抛撒二次破碎的实验研究

液体轴对称抛撒的实验研究是以云雾爆轰武器的研制为背景的。为了研究轴向气流作用下液体轴对称抛撒二次破碎所形成的雾化场特性,本文利用两台激波管并对之加以改造,成功地在实验室实现了轴向气流作用下液体的轴对称抛撒。为了研究其雾化场的远场特性,本文利用激光粒子测量仪获得了在不同实验工况和不同位置下的雾化场SMD分布曲线。实验数据表明,由于轴向气流速度的增加,液体破碎的Weber数得到了提高,导致二次破碎初期雾化场的SMD随之减小;随着抛撒驱动压力的提高,二次破碎初期雾化场的SMD也随之减小;在同一工况下,雾化场SMD随着测量位置与喷口距离的增加而变大。     

液体环轴对称抛撒首次破碎的实验研究和稳定性分析

首次破碎是液体抛撒、破碎过程中一个非常重要的阶段．本文提出了一种新的实验设备,并通过在这套实验设备上的一系列实验,得到了在不同激波马赫数、不同的液体种类和不同的抛撒容量下液体首次破碎过程的照片．实验结果表明,在确定的抛撒条件下,液体环的失稳,即不稳定的发生、发展并最终导致液体环破碎的过程,是由于液体环运动的加速度改变方向而引起的     

《实验力学》2004年（第19卷）目录索引

磁流变弹性体剪切性能的动态实验研究王　桦 ,周刚毅 ,方　生 ,张培强 ( 1 ,1 )…………………………………………杭州大剧院风压分布的风洞试验研究田森源 ,楼文娟 ,王高帆 ,沈国辉 ,孙炳楠 ,周　嵘 ( 1 ,6)………………………在轴向气流作用下液体轴对称抛撒的近场研究杨　磊     

轴对称液体环的形成、变形和破碎的研究

为了实现液体环的轴对称径向扩展运动,提出了一种新的实验方法及设备。这种新的实验设备是由垂直的无膜激波管和液体环发生器所组成,可以用来观察轴对称液体环的形成、变形和破碎过程。轴对称液体环抛撒过程的实验研究已在这种实验设备上完成,并得到了相应的一系列流场照片。对实验结果的分析表明,液体表面的不稳定性是造成液体环破碎的主要原因。     

有约束、轴对称抛撒条件下液体破碎、雾化的远场研究

液体轴对称抛撒在研制云雾爆轰武器中有着重要的实际应用背景和学术研究价值，由于过去这方面大量的工作集中在野外场地中进行，对液体燃料抛撒初期及后期形成的云雾区特性缺少细致的实验研究，本文用垂直无膜激波管与液体抛撒发生器结合起来，用多根隔条形成不同宽度的间隙，利用激光粒子测量仪研究在有约束的条件下，液体破碎、雾化的远场特性，并得到了一些结论。     

激波诱导气流与液幕、液柱相互作用的实验研究

利用激波管对激波诱导气流与液幕、液柱的相互作用进行了实验研究。通过比较发现,这种相互作用下的液体块变形破碎过程与以往对于液滴进行的研究结果很不相同。当激波与液幕相互作用时,阴影照片和直接照相都表明,液幕的变形破碎行为有很强的三维性,较之液滴的变形破坏机理更为复杂,并且在局部区域,初始时刻液幕破碎抛撒的速度相较激波诱导气流速度为快,本文应用一维变截面激波管理论对这一现象进行了理论分析。     

液体环轴对称抛洒首次破碎的理论分析

对于水和无水乙醇环形轴对称抛洒实验的首次破碎结果的分析表明，在给定实验条件下，液体密度大约是气体的1000倍，液体首次破碎的过程分2个阶段:首先，界面不稳定性非线性发展，液体尖钉在惯性力和空气阻力的作用下，拉伸变细变长；然后在射流不稳定性的作用下，断裂成液体珠串。这个理论分析给出的首次破碎的平均液体直径与实验结果基本一致。理论分析表明，无水乙醇破碎液滴的平均直径比水液滴小，是无水乙醇表面张力值仅为水的1/3的一个必然结果。     

液体的爆炸抛撒特征

针对液体爆炸抛撒过程设计了实验装置,利用高速摄像仪进行记录。通过研究不同中心装药量和 填充液体的抛撒过程,发现在壳体破裂后,液体沿裂缝处向外飞散。药量较小时,液体分散成树枝状形态,然 后破碎成液滴;药量较大时,则形成液体环状区。对于不同粘度的液体,环状区分别由小液滴及已雾化、汽化 的液体,或大液滴、液体丝及液膜等组成,抛撒过程中其宽度越来越大,大液滴、液体丝及液膜等也逐渐破碎成 细小的液滴。     

爆炸驱动固/液介质爆炸抛撒的实验研究

针对爆炸驱动固/液介质抛撒混合过程设计了透明双层抛撒装置。采用高速运动分析系统记录抛撒装置壳体破碎和固/液界面、固/液介质抛撒形态的演变过程,结果表明:壳体裂纹的产生和断裂首先出现在轴向方向;固/液界面在外层壳体破碎之前清晰可见,表明固/液介质的混合主要发生在壳体破碎之后;导爆索驱动下呈现滑移爆轰驱力特征,介质抛撒形状呈倒圆台形,不同截面处的介质运动速度随截面到起爆端轴向距离的增大而减小。     

A rigorous solution for the axisymmetrical buckling of simply supported cylindrical sandwich shells under axial load

In this paper,based on ref[1],the axisymmetrical buckling of simply supportedcylindrical sandwich shells under the action of uniform axial load is solved by a rigorousmethod.The classical theory of shells is used for the two face sheets and the core isconsidered as a three-dimensional elastic body.A series of transcendental equations areobtained,from which the critical loads can be calculated by numerical methods.Numericalexamples are given to compare with the solutions of sandwich shell theories.     

Flow visualization of shock/water column interactions

The breakup of a liquid droplet induced by a high speed gas stream is a typical multiphase flow problem. The shock/droplet interaction is the beginning stage of the droplet breakup. Therefore, investigation of the shock/droplet interactions would be a milestone for interpreting the mechanism of the droplet breakup. In this study, a compressible multiphase solver with a five-equation model is successfully developed to study shock/water column interactions. For code validation, interface-only, gas–gas shock tube, and gas–liquid shock tube problems are first computed. Subsequently, a planar shock wave interacting with a water column is simulated. The transmitted wave and the alternative appearances of local high- and low-pressure regions inside the water column are observed clearly. Finally, a planar shock wave interacting with two water columns is investigated. In this work, both horizontal and vertical arrangements of two water columns are studied. It is found that different arrangements can result in the diversity of the interacting process. The complex flow structures generated by shock/water column interactions are presented by flow-visualization techniques.      

液体环二次破碎所形成云雾颗粒尺寸测量和测试系统的标定

介绍了激光散射法测量颗粒尺寸系统的工作原理和标定结果,并对液体环轴对称抛撒进行了光学测量。实验结果表明,液体环二次破碎产生云雾区的液滴Ｓａｕｔｅｒ平均直径在固定点随时间的增加呈减小的趋势,而云雾区的宽度和云雾区前缘的液滴颗粒的Ｓａｕｔｅｒ平均直径则随测量的距离增加均有所增加。     

Application of maximum entropy method for droplet size distribution prediction using instability analysis of liquid sheet

This paper describes the implementation of the instability analysis of wave growth on liquid jet surface, and maximum entropy principle (MEP) for prediction of droplet diameter distribution in primary breakup region. The early stage of the primary breakup, which contains the growth of wave on liquid–gas interface, is deterministic; whereas the droplet formation stage at the end of primary breakup is random and stochastic. The stage of droplet formation after the liquid bulk breakup can be modeled by statistical means based on the maximum entropy principle. The MEP provides a formulation that predicts the atomization process while satisfying constraint equations based on conservations of mass, momentum and energy. The deterministic aspect considers the instability of wave motion on jet surface before the liquid bulk breakup using the linear instability analysis, which provides information of the maximum growth rate and corresponding wavelength of instabilities in breakup zone. The two sub-models are coupled together using momentum source term and mean diameter of droplets. This model is also capable of considering drag force on droplets through gas–liquid interaction. The predicted results compared favorably with the experimentally measured droplet size distributions for hollow-cone sprays.     

Breakup of a capillary bridge of suspensions

The breakup of liquid bridges under the action of capillary forces is used for studying the rheology of suspensions under stretching. The experiments were performed with suspensions of finegrained (3–30 μm) sand in glycerin for sand volume fractions up to 0.465. The bridge thinning process was registered using an electro-optical measuring device and videofilming. The results were analyzed on the basis of a theory developed earlier for the thinning of a liquid bridge under the action of capillary forces. It is found that, for fairly slow stretching realized in the initial stage of the thinning, the rheological behavior of the suspensions considered agrees with the model of a Newtonian viscous fluid. Along with this, the measured effective viscosity of the suspension turned out to be approximately two-fold greater than the suspension viscosity under shear. The origin of this discrepancy is analyzed. With increase in the stretching rate, in the final stage of the thinning, the weakening of the suspension occurs, which is manifested in the formation of a local rapidly thinning neck in the bridge, similar to that observed in the breakup of plastic materials.