Time domain finite volume method for the transient response and natural characteristics of structural-acoustic coupling in an enclosed cavity

A time domain finite volume method（TDFVM）based on wave theory is developed to analyze the transient response and natural characteristics of structural-acoustic coupling problems in an enclosed cavity.In the present method,the elastic dynamic equations and acoustic equation in heterogeneous medium are solved in solid domains and fluid domains respectively.The structural-acoustic coupling is implemented according to the continuity condition of the particle velocity along the normal direction and the normal traction equilibrium condition on the interface.Several numerical examples are presented to validate the effectiveness and accuracy of the present TDFVM.Then the effects of water depth on the acoustic and vibration characteristics and the natural characteristics of a structural-acoustic coupling system are analyzed.The numerical results show that the increase of water depth leads to a stronger coupling between the water and structure and the decrease of natural frequencies of coupling system,The computational cost and memory of this method are small and it can be applicable to structural-acoustic coupling problems in the heterogeneous fluid.     

2D-Mueller-matrix tomography of optically anisotropic polycrystalline networks of biological tissues histological sections

A new technique of Mueller-matrix mapping of the birefringent structure of biological preparations of human organs tissues is suggested. The algorithms of reconstruction of average values and magnitude of fluctuations of the phase (birefringence) and amplitude (dichroism) of optically anisotropic structure of myocardium and connective tissue component of the vaginal wall histological section are proposed. The magnitudes and ranges of changes in the statistical moments of the 1st-4th order that characterize the distribution of average values and magnitude of fluctuations of birefringence and dichroism of the myocardium and connective tissue of the vaginal tissues histological sections were determined. Joint studies of distributions of the characteristics of phase and amplitude of the anisotropy of myocardium and connective tissue component of the vaginal wall tissues of different states were performed. The cases of various necrotic changes in the myocardium and pathological conditions of the vagina wall (prolapse of the genitals) are examined. Balanced accuracy of the method of Mueller-matrix polarization-phase and diffuse tomography of optically anisotropic polycrystalline networks in the differentiation of necrotic and pathological changes in human organs is determined.     

Spectroscopic and nano-molecular modeling investigation on the binary and ternary bindings of colchicine and lomefloxacin to Human serum albumin with the viewpoint of multi-drug therapy

Combination of several drugs is often necessary especially during long-term therapy. The competitive binding drugs can cause a decrease in the amount of drug bound to protein and increase the biological active fraction of the drug. The aim of this study is to analyze the interactions of Lomefloxacin (LMF) and Colchicine (COL) with human serum albumin (HSA) and to evaluate the mechanism of simultaneous binding of LMF and COL to protein. Fluorescence analysis was used to estimate the effect of drugs on the protein fluorescence and to define the binding and quenching properties of drugs-HSA complexes. The binding sites for LMF and COL were identified in tertiary structure of HSA with the use of spectrofluorescence analysis. The analysis of fluorescence quenching of HSA in the binary and ternary systems show that LMF does not affect the complex formed between COL and HSA. On the contrary, COL decreases the interaction between LMF and HSA. The results of synchronous fluorescence, resonance light scattering and circular dichroism spectra of binary and ternary systems show that binding of LMF and COL to HSA can induce micro-environmental and conformational changes in HSA. The simultaneous presence of LMF and COL in binding to HSA should be taken into account in the multi-drug therapy, and necessity of using a monitoring therapy owning to the possible increase of the uncontrolled toxic effects. Molecular modeling of the possible binding sites of LMF and COL in binary and ternary systems to HSA confirms the spectroscopic results.     

Influences of Quantum and Disorder Effects on Solitons Excited in Protein Molecules in Improved Model

Utilizing the improved model with quasi-coherent two-quantum state and new Hamiltonian containing an additional interaction term [Phys. Rev. E62 (2000) 6989 and Euro. Phys. J. B19 (2001) 297] we study numerically the influences of the quantum and disorder effects including distortion of the sequences of masses of amino acid molecules and fluctuations of force constant of molecular chains, and of exciton-phonon coupled constants and of the dipole-dipole interaction constant and of the ground state energy on the properties of the solitons transported the bio-energy in the protein molecules by Runge-Kutta method. The results obtained show that the new soliton is robust against these structure disorders, especially for stronger disorders in the sequence of masses spring constants and coupling constants, except for quite larger fluctuations of the ground state energy and dipole-dipole interaction constant. This means that the new soliton in the improved model is very stable in normal cases and is possibly a carrier of bio-energy transport in the protein molecules.     

基于高光谱技术的酸奶中常见致病菌的快速鉴别及计数

酸奶是一种发酵型乳制品饮料,因其特殊的功能性和良好的口感而广受欢迎。但由于商业链的不正当运行,如奶源非法获取、灭菌不充分等原因,导致酸奶中致病菌大量滋生,酸奶中毒事件频繁发生。酸奶中常见的致病菌主要有大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌,这三种致病菌由人体摄入并达到一定的数量时会产生腹痛、腹泻等严重的消化道疾病,并且会破坏人体肠道内的正常菌群平衡,因此国标对奶制品中这三种致病菌的数量已有明确的限量规定。由于酸奶的主要消费对象为老人和小孩,故其潜在危害不容小觑。传统菌落检测方法虽具有简单,灵敏、可操作性强等优点,但当不同菌落混杂在一起时无法同时进行定性定量的检测,且具有试剂成本高,检测周期长,人为因素影响较大等缺点。因此开发一种快速、简单、准确的混合鉴定计数方法为避免致病菌对酸奶的潜在危害提供了有效的途径。高光谱技术同时包含样本的光谱信息与图像信息,既能够根据化学组分的微小变化进行精确识别（光谱信息）,又能够反映出菌株在外部多层次的变化（图像信息）。因此该研究尝试对比高光谱图像技术和光谱技术,采用模式识别的方法,对比不同的模型识别结果,优选出最佳识别率的识别模型作为计数模型,最后通过最佳鉴别计数模型的识别分类结果来达到对酸奶中常见致病菌鉴定计数的目的。首先,购买酸奶中常见的乳酸菌种（保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌）和潜在污染的致病菌种（金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌）等标准菌株进行培养,提取经过48 h培养后的菌落图像信息和光谱信息。采用几种不同的预处理方式（SNV,MC,MSC,1stDER,2ndDER）对所提取的光谱数据进行预处理,并应用遗传算法筛除光谱数据中冗余的波段,保留有效波段。利用图像处理技术对图像信息中的菌株与培养基背景进行去除,然后采用主成分分析法从每幅图中优选出3个特征波长,并运用图像处理技术从特征波长所对应图像中提取菌株的18个基于GLCM的纹理特征信息。挑选合适的主成分分别建立不同的鉴别模型（LDA,KNN,BP-ANN,LS-SVM）,通过其最终的鉴别模型的识别率来确定最佳鉴别计数模型。最后从标准菌株中分别挑选出30株进行计数测试,通过比较模式识别的分类数量结果与菌株的实际数量来验证模式识别效果的准确率。研究表明,运用SNV预处理后光谱数据在提高信噪比效果上明显优于其他几种预处理方式。745.790 8,773.098 4和779.207 0 nm为图像信息中方差贡献率最大的三个波长,运用从特征波长所对应的图像中所提取的纹理特征信息建立图像识别模型。通过对比图像信息和光谱信息的模式识别结果发现,光谱特征鉴别模型普遍优于图像纹理特征鉴别模型,且当主成分数为9时,运用光谱特征所建立的LS-SVM模型的校正集识别率为96.25%,预测集的识别率为91.88%,为最优模型。采用优选的最优模型对菌株进行识别计数,大肠杆菌计数的相对误差为3.33%,金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌计数的相对误差均为0,验证了高光谱技术应用于酸奶中常见致病菌的鉴别计数的可行性。     

Temperature Sensitivity Control and Mechanical Stress Effect of Boron-Doped Long-Period Fiber Gratings

We will present in this work the quantitative analysis of the relationship between the doping concentrations of GeO 2 and B 2 O 3 in the core and cladding regions and the temperature sensitivity of the resonance wavelength shift in long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs). Based on this analysis, the temperature sensitivity was suppressed and enhanced to 0.002 nm/°C and 0.28 nm/°C, respectively. We will also discuss the effect of the residual mechanical stress on the optical and mechanical properties of LPFGs. In particular, we will present the measurement results of the dependence of the refractive index change and mechanical strength on the residual mechanical stress in the boron-doped fibers with depressed clad and matched clad.     

Design and simulation of the wire scanner for the injector linac of BEPC Ⅱ

BEPC Ⅱ,the upgrade project of Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPC),is an accelerator with large beam current and high luminosity,so an efficient and stable injector is required.Several beam diagnostic and monitoring instruments are used.A new diagnostic instrument--wire scanner,has been designed and will be used to nleasure the profile of the linac beam of BEPC Ⅱ.This paper describes the prototype of this system and the cause of heat generating of the wire.Some simulation results of the heat and force by using finite element method software-ANSYS(R),2) are presented and discussed.     

地塞米松磷酸钠和倍他米松磷酸钠两种差向异构体的FTIR,FT-Raman和SERS光谱研究

检测了地塞米松磷酸钠和倍他米松磷酸钠两种差向异构体的红外光谱(FTIR), 固体和饱和溶液的常规拉曼光谱(NRS)及以银胶为基底的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)。通过红外和拉曼光谱的结合,对其各基团的振动模式进行解析,并对峰进行归属和比较。结果表明：两种物质的主要区别是地塞米松磷酸钠的CH₃非对称伸缩振动和对称面内变形振动的拉曼位移较大;依据SERS作用机理和规律,推测两种物质在银胶上主要是通过P—O键、羧基和五元环与银胶垂直吸附。建立了两种差向异构体基于银纳米粒子的吸附模式,实现了对两种物质进行快速鉴别与区分的方法,为进一步研究肾上腺皮质激素类药物提供了十分重要的信息和可靠的参考。     

抗酸化微生物复合菌系对餐厨垃圾堆肥腐殖质组分光谱学性质的影响

抗酸化微生物复合菌系（AAMC）通过多种耐酸、嗜酸微生物的协同作用,在克服由于酸化抑制导致的餐厨垃圾堆肥发酵崩溃问题方面效果显著,接种AAMC可明显加速有机物质降解。然而生物堆肥存在有机物彻底降解和碳重新固定（形成稳定的腐殖质类物质）两种途径,有机质降解与腐殖质形成具有互动关系,为腐殖质形成提供原材料。为探究接种AAMC对餐厨垃圾堆肥腐殖质品质的影响,采用树脂柱法进行腐殖质分组,分别研究接种AAMC对富里酸、亲水性组分和胡敏酸3个组分分子结构复杂度和稳定性的影响。设接种组（AAMC）、加碱组（MgO和K₂HPO₄）和自然堆肥组3个处理,采用三维荧光技术（EEM）结合两种定量表征方法区域体积积分（FRI）和平行因子分析（PARAFAC）,实现对富里酸、亲水性组分和胡敏酸3个组分光谱学性质定量表征的准确性和完整性。FRI结果显示,堆肥结束后3个腐殖质组分中表征简单分子结构组分例如羧基或蛋白源结构区域的P_{i, n}值均降低,接种组降低幅度显著大于对照组,降低幅度大小排序为：接种组＞加碱组＞对照组。表征高芳香度和缩聚程度的胡敏酸类物质区域的P_{i, n}值均上升,且接种组上升幅度显著高于其他两处理,上升幅度排序也为：接种组＞加碱组＞对照组。PARAFAC结果显示,富里酸和胡敏酸组分又可分成短波长胡敏酸、长波长胡敏酸和色氨酸或类蛋白类物质3个组分,亲水性组分又可分为短波长胡敏酸、色氨酸和酪氨酸3个组分。堆肥结束后,表征短波胡敏酸和长波胡敏酸组分的F_max升高,而表征色氨酸等类蛋白类物质组分的F_max降低,升高或降低的幅度接种组最高,显著高于加碱组和对照组。综上结果说明接种AAMC可明显促进腐殖质组分子结构复杂化、稳定化,提高腐殖质组分高芳香度和缩聚程度,改善餐厨垃圾堆肥腐殖质品质,利于施用堆肥土壤保水保肥。这可能与AAMC具有高的小分子有机酸降解、转化能力,可规避酸累积对堆肥微生物活性的抑制导致的堆肥腐殖化效率低的问题密切相关。添加化学缓冲剂也能一定程度促进腐殖质组分稳定化、结构复杂化和提高堆肥腐殖化程度。这可能与堆料pH的改善,使得小分子有机酸可被持续降解和转化,有利于堆肥腐殖化进程有关。     

Party–state systems and their dynamics as networks

The dynamics of expansion and retreat of a network are detailed in the example of the birth and demise of party–state systems. This systemic network is described with the help of the interactive party–state (IPS) model through the interrelationship of individual party–state and economic decision-makers. The model also describes the causes of the internal dynamics of this network: its generators, its self-similarities and differences, as well as the dynamics of its operation and transformation. In view of the IPS model, I elaborate on the specific structure and dynamics of the Chinese party–state.     

Study of wave propagation in various kinds of plasmas using adapted simulation methods,with illustrations on possible future applications

The understanding of wave propagation in turbulent magnetized plasmas can be rather complex, particularly if they are inhomogeneous and time-dependent. Simulation can be a useful tool for wave propagation studies, provided that the “model” equations take into account the characteristics of the medium relevant for the studied problem and that the numerical scheme including boundary conditions is stable and accurate enough. The choices for the model equations and the corresponding schemes are analyzed and discussed as a function of various parameters, such as the order of the numerical scheme and the number of grid points per wavelength. A quick review of the up-to-date numerical developments is given on the sheath boundary conditions and on the perfect matching layer in anisotropic media. Possible developments of plasma diagnostics conclude this state-of-the-art of simulations of electromagnetic waves in plasmas.     

基于多光谱图像分析的温室黄瓜叶片营养元素检测与诊断

采用CCD照相机加滤光片的方法,进行了基于多光谱图像分析的温室黄瓜叶片营养元素检测与诊断研究。对近红外光波段的叶片图像分别采用遗传算法和分水岭算法进行阈值选取,对两种算法二值化的效果进行对比分析,结果表明采用分水岭方法分割的图像,边界清晰,噪音小,与原图像更接近,背景和叶片分离的效果更好。NDVI与叶面积、叶片含氮量之间有明显的线性关系,R2分别为： 0.820 9和0.701 7。GNDVI与叶面积、叶片的含氮量之间也有较高的线性关系,R2分别为： 0.762 5和0.676 2。RVI与叶面积之间有明显的线性相关关系,R2为0.857 7,但与叶片的含氮量之间则包含了非线性成分,R2为0.598 8。以上结果表明,CCD照相机加滤光片可以作为一种作物含氮量信息的快速诊断方法。     

Atomistic simulation of mineral surfaces: Studies of surface stability and growth

Atomistic simulation represents a valuable methodology for interpreting and predicting surface structures. The emphasis of our work is to develop and apply this approach to understanding the role of surface defects and additives in modifying the structure and stability of mineral surfaces. The basis of our approach is energy minimisation which allows us to evaluate the most stable surface configurations. The utility and limitations of this approach will be illustrated via a number of examples. These include describing the factors governing the stability of mineral surfaces and applying these considerations to understanding the surfaces of olivine and spinel. In addition, we are beginning to address the water-solid interface. We find a wide variation in the reactivity of the different surfaces of rock-salt oxides from (100) which show only physisorption, through stepped surfaces which show dissociative adsorption to (111) which forms the hydroxide. One way of determining the interaction between surfaces and additives is the modification of crystal growth thus we are also concerned with attempting to model the growth process. However, the low index surfaces often grow via screw dislocations. Therefore preliminary work on modelling the interaction of screw dislocations with surfaces of MgO will be described.     

景德镇仿龙泉青瓷与龙泉青瓷组成特征研究

龙泉青瓷不仅受到了国内外陶瓷爱好者的热捧,还被不同地区广大窑工争相效仿,其中以景德镇明清时期仿制最具代表性。利用能量色散X荧光光谱分析仪对38 件宋、元、明时期的龙泉青瓷以及明代景德镇仿龙泉青瓷进行了测试,并结合烧成温度分析结果,从时空角度对比分析了两地青瓷胎釉组成特征、演变规律和形成原因,有助于了解我国南方青釉瓷的演变发展、相互交流和影响,为不同产地青瓷的断源断代提供了一定的科学依据。     

不同比例有机无机肥配施土壤腐殖质组分的光谱学特征

以16年长期定位试验为基础,探讨不同比例有机无机肥配施对土壤腐殖质特征的影响。通过分离纯化腐殖质中的胡敏酸（HA）和富里酸（FA）组分,并利用元素分析、红外光谱和核磁共振研究分析了F1（70%化肥+30%有机肥）、F2（50%有机肥+50%化肥）和F3（100%有机肥）三种施肥方式下的HA和FA含量及结构变化。结果表明,F3对于提升HA和FA含量的效果优于F1和F2处理,说明有机肥的施用量越高,土壤腐殖质组分的含量就越高。元素分析表明,不同配比的有机无机肥对HA和FA各元素含量及原子比影响不同。F2和F3都提高了HA的缩合度,降低了氧化度和极性,其中F3的效果更加明显;有机肥的施用还能促进HA中含氮化合物的形成,并且在F2中的效果最好;有机肥的施用同样提高了FA的缩合度而降低了氧化度和极性并促进了含氮化合物的形成,尤其在F2处理中尤为明显。腐殖质红外光谱分析表明,与F1相比,F2和F3提高了HA中脂肪族化合物、碳水化合物物质的含量,FA的羧基基团、脂肪基团含量也增加,且在F3处理中表现最为显著;F2处理则降低了HA中脂肪烃物质的含量,FA中的碳水化合物则达到最高。13C核磁共振波谱分析显示,在三种处理中,有机肥的施用提高了HA和FA的脂化度而降低其芳化度,其中F2处理中HA官能团变化更加显著,FA在F3处理中则变化更加明显。综上所述,有机肥显著提高了土壤腐殖质组分含量,并且提高了HA和FA的脂化度降低其芳化度,但是不同用量有机肥下HA和FA的形成机制不同。     

XRF,PXRD和FTIR的广藿香主要组分测定与表征

中药的质量控制和评价在现代化医学发展中起着至关重要的作用。为了客观和高精度的鉴别中药材特性,实现对中药材质量稳定性的控制,利用XRF,PXRD和FTIR对广藿香的主要组分及微结构进行测定,建立了基于XRF,PXRD和FTIR鉴别中药材主要组分及产地特征的新方法。实验结果表明,广藿香中含有K,Ca,Cl,Si和P等多种元素,独有的元素特征谱是广藿香形成药效好的道地药材的部分物质基础。广藿香含有大量的晶态物质及少量非晶态物质,且Ca在其中以CaC_2O_4·H_2O状态存在,被检样品中该晶体物质含量的多少与相关锐峰的强弱成正比。对FTIR谱峰进行了归属与分析,提供了醇类、黄酮及草酸钙等物质的化学组分信息。该法联用XRF,PXRD和FTIR技术从元素、原子和分子微观层面客观地表征了广藿香主要组分及微结构的相关信息,避免了单独使用某种方法的片面性,能避免因复杂的前处理导致样品固有组分的改变,具有快速、简洁、再现性好及易于接受等优点,为广藿香及其他中药材的质量控制和品质评价提供一种新方法。     

基于QLF原理的龋齿探测方法中光学参量变化分析

通过建立完整的病变牙齿模型和龋齿病变程度判据,利用蒙特卡罗仿真算法编程,完整模拟了牙齿组织中荧光的激发和传输过程,探讨了牙齿组织病变程度引起的光学参量变化与QLF荧光分布的关系.同时,利用Tracepro软件的荧光仿真功能验证了该过程的合理性.结果表明：随着龋齿部分病变程度增大,散射系数增大,吸收系数和荧光量子效率减小,健康组织和病变组织荧光分布差异增大.     

Micro-Structure and Fracture Behavior of High-Melt-Strength PPs Prepared by Reactive Extrusion

In this study, high-melt-strength polypropylenes (PPs) were prepared by reactive extrusion of PP and varied amount of divinylbenzene in the presence of dicumyl peroxide and an antioxidant, and the dynamic rheological behavior, crystalline morphology, and fracture behavior of the resultant materials were investigated. It was found that at relatively low frequency, with the cross-linking and branching structures increasing, the complex viscosity of the melt of the modified PP increased significantly and then leveled off. The modulus of the melt, particularly the storage modulus, increased. The storage moduli of the melts with higher content of cross-linking and branching structures were higher than the loss modulus in the whole range of testing frequency, indicative of a completely elastic behavior. The crystallinity and the size of spherulites of the modified PP decreased, while the number of spherulites increased. The specific essential work of fracture and the specific non-essential work of fracture of the modified PP were found to be reduced compared with pure PP, but the specific essential work of fracture showed an increasing trend with the cross-linking and branching structures increasing.     

Glafka-2004: Non-Commutative Worlds

This paper summarizes and gives new extensions of previous work of the author and collaborative work of the author with Pierre Noyes. In the present paper we give a new generalization of the Feynman-Dyson derivation of electromagnetism in a non-commutative context. In this form, the theory extends to gauge fields and is entirely a consequence of a choice of the definition of derivatives as commutators and the choice of relationship between temporal and spatial derivatives. The paper uses diagrammatic techniques and discusses these issues in the context of discrete physical models.     

基于车载被动DOAS系统的化工园区甲醛柱浓度精确反演研究

甲醛（HCHO）是大气中含量最为丰富的羰基化合物,是非甲烷可挥发性有机化合物（NMVOCs）的最重要的中间产物之一,广泛参与大气中的光化学反应,同时也是气溶胶的重要前体物,在大气化学中承担了非常重要的作用。石油化工行业的VOCs类排放是城市大气中HCHO的重要来源,而目前化工园区中的HCHO等NMVOCs类污染物主要通过点式设备获取近地面浓度,缺乏立体监测数据。差分光学吸收光谱（DOAS）技术已成功应用于SO₂和NO₂等污染气体监测,甲醛由于其光学吸收强度相对较弱,反演波段内其他气体交叉干扰强,实际的监测应用相对较少。选取某石化企业,运用被动DOAS方法实现了甲醛柱浓度的精确反演。研究通过建立甲醛吸收截面与其他参与拟合气体吸收截面的二维相关性矩阵,选取甲醛吸收截面同其他气体吸收截面相关性最小的波段,即实现其他气体对甲醛的DOAS反演交叉干扰最小的波段的获取。同时选取外场实际采集的光谱,选择不同起始波段和截止波段做迭代DOAS反演,通过拟合残差来评估甲醛在不同波段的实际反演效果。在截面间交叉干扰小,拟合残差低的波段范围内,选择尽量宽的波段作为最佳的拟合波段,实现甲醛的精确DOAS反演。由甲醛同其他气体吸收截面的二维相关性矩阵结果,甲醛与NO₂,SO₂和O₃和O₄间在大部分波段内相关性均在0.5以下,交叉干扰小;甲醛同BrO在起始波长318～320 nm,截止波长340～346 nm以及起始波长330～334 nm,截止波长354～360 nm两个波段范围内截面间相关性小于0.5,适合作为HCHO的反演波段。通过选择不同起始波段和截止波段做甲醛的迭代DOAS反演,结合拟合截面相关性分析结果综合考虑,最终采用332.4～358.1 nm作为HCHO的反演波段,拟合残差在10-4量级。利用车载被动DOAS系统,通过建立吸收截面间二维相关性矩阵并通过实测光谱的迭代反演,获取了适用于该套系统的HCHO最佳拟合波段,拟合残差降低至10-4量级,在实现甲醛精确反演的基础上,结合系统GPS信息,获取了某化工企业甲醛柱浓度的空间分布,整个外场观测期间,HCHO的反演误差低于6%。结果表明,车载被动DOAS系统在快速获取化工园区甲醛空间分布信息上可以发挥重要作用,为城市大气中甲醛的立体监测提供了一种有效测量手段。