共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
2.
质子束轰击探测器产生的感生放射性核素,将使探测器成为一个典型的外照射辐射源,针对感生放射性核素种类、活度的计算有利于辐射防护工作的开展。使用FLUKA蒙特卡罗程序,研究了低能质子束(20 MeV以内)轰击三种探头材料(铜、钽、钨)产生的感生放射性问题,得到探头材料在一定照射时间下的放射性核素活度及指定冷却时间后的剂量水平。研究结果表明,质子束轰击铜探头产生感生放射性的能量阈值最低(4~5 MeV),而钨、钽探头与质子束产生感生放射性的能量阈值较高。相同照射时间下的钨、钽探头产生感生放射性总活度远低于铜探头,在冷却1 h后其放射性总活度降至最低。 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
在自行研制的导流型热蒸发沉积装置上开展了微球表面聚酰胺酸(PAA)涂层制备工艺研究。探讨了单体原料处理和改变升温过程对沉积速率的影响。两种单体分别采用两个相互独立的蒸发源加热蒸发,使用两个晶振膜厚测量探头,通过对膜厚探头、样品盘和导流管端头三者的空间位置和对称关系的调整和实验标定,实现了两种单体近似等化学计量比的沉积。采用间歇性压电振动或敲击配合样品盘的旋转作为微球运动的激励方式,在聚-α-甲基苯乙烯(PAMS)微球上制备出均匀的表面质量好的PAA涂层。 相似文献
6.
为测量高空核爆炸电磁脉冲(HEMP)模拟器中脉冲电场波形(峰值电场大于50 kV/m、上升时间小于2.3 ns),设计了一种新型圆锥形D-dot探测器。介绍了D-dot探头的工作原理,分析了探头与传输电缆的阻抗匹配条件,确定了探头的结构、尺寸等参数。D-dot探头测量脉冲电场的一阶微分信号,通过积分器积分和数字积分两种积分方式获得脉冲电场信号。测量电磁脉冲实验结果表明,积分器积分和数字积分两种积分方式都能恢复脉冲电场波形,其中数字积分效果更好;与有源光纤电场测量系统实验测量结果相比,该D-dot探测器更适合测量纳秒级快前沿的电磁脉冲波形,满足测量快前沿HEMP信号的设计要求。 相似文献
7.
传统研究材料热稳定性的方法包括热失重(TG)(热介电法、热电阻)、真空安定性(VST)、差热分析(DTA)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)等。其中,TG是测量炸药重量变化与温度的函数关系,ST是测量真空状态下炸药热分解所产生的气体量,DTA和DSC是测量炸药在不同温度下,由于发生相变所表现出的变化(吸热或放热)。以上这些方法得到的是炸药热性质的宏观信息,而无法反映炸药在不同温度下的微观化学变化。原位红外光谱法是一种新兴的动态研究方法。该方法结合ir原位实时监控和红外光谱精确分析物质化学结构的优点,通过实时跟踪材料在不同温度下的化学变化,测定材料的微观结构与温度的关系。 相似文献
8.
9.
研制了一种用于磁绝缘传输线(MITL)电流测量的差模式B-dot探头;利用PSpice商用软件和标定实验数据,建立了该探头等效电路模型,给出了探头系统传递函数,并分析了探头频率响应特性。计算结果表明,该探头对于被测信号大于2.5 MHz频率分量部分的相频响应基本保持不变,而幅频响应曲线呈较好的直线性。该探头已用于强光一号1.0 m长、2 cm阴阳极间隙的同轴型MITL电流传输特性研究实验,并获得了较好的测量波形。测量结果表明:短路负载条件下,传输线沿线不同位置B-dot 电流测量结果基本相同,峰值电流约1.0 MA、峰值时间约125 ns。即传输线沿线电流损失几乎可以忽略,该实验结果与短路负载MITL工作特性理论较好地吻合。 相似文献
10.
11.
12.
An experimental dynamic calibration technique of reliable, rugged, low-cost, and fast-response coaxial temperature probes is presented. These probes were successfully designed and fabricated in-house, in conjunction with its signal processing circuit, which can be used for transient heat transfer measurements in a hypersonic testing facility. These probes have a response time less than 50 μs with a rise time less than 0.3 μs. Two types of scratches were used, mainly abrasive papers with different grit sizes and scalpel blades with different thicknesses to form the probe junction. The effect of the scratch technique on the probe's thermal product is investigated. The probes were tested and calibrated in the test section and end wall of the UNITEN shock tube facility at different axial and radial locations. The effects of placing the coaxial temperature probe at different axial and radial distances, different working fluids, and different Mach numbers on the transient surface temperature rise were examined. It was observed from the dynamic calibration results that the thermal product of a particular coaxial temperature probe depends on Mach number, junction scratch technique, and junction location, as well as on the enthalpy conditions. It was also noticed that the calibrated coaxial temperature probe using the scalpel blade technique with a particular blade size gives consistent thermal product values. Thus, it does not require an individual calibration. However, for a coaxial temperature probe whose junction was created using the abrasive paper technique with different grit sizes, a calibration for each coaxial temperature probe is likely to be needed. 相似文献
13.
14.
15.
由于束流脉冲无法控制而引起直线加速器的热冲击损伤是造成加速器无法完成聚束及偏转的主要因素,而对热冲击进行定量的热应力评估可以有效地避免RFQ、超导腔以及其他加速元件等加速器设备的损伤,这在研制强流直线加速器的过程中至关重要。本研究引用一种新颖的计算方法定量分析整个注入器的热冲击损伤并明确了三种不同材料高纯铌、无氧铜和不锈钢对应的加速器件的热冲击的特征。基于有限元方法对瞬态热应力进行分析,得出三种不同材料对应的加速器件在入射角度为90度时的温度分析结果。对于所研制的注入能量低于10 MeV的强流直线加速器来讲,得到可允许的入射时间为20μs。 相似文献
16.
Dynamic thermo-mechanical coupled response of random particulate composites:A statistical two-scale method
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《中国物理 B》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
This paper focuses on the dynamic thermo-mechanical coupled response of random particulate composite materials.Both the inertia term and coupling term are considered in the dynamic coupled problem. The formulation of the problem by a statistical second-order two-scale(SSOTS) analysis method and the algorithm procedure based on the finite-element difference method are presented. Numerical results of coupled cases are compared with those of uncoupled cases. It shows that the coupling effects on temperature, thermal flux, displacement, and stresses are very distinct, and the microcharacteristics of particles affect the coupling effect of the random composites. Furthermore, the coupling effect causes a lag in the variations of temperature, thermal flux, displacement, and stresses. 相似文献
17.
M.L. Grilli D. Ristau M. Dieckmann U. Willamowski 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2000,71(1):71-76
We present the results of the study on the thermal conductivity of different thin film materials produced by conventional thermal evaporation. The main features of the thermal pulse method employed for the measurement of the thermal conductivity are described. Thermal conductivity can be measured by determining the traveling time of a thermal wave propagating trough the film. A pump laser beam is directed onto a sample consisting of a thin transparent test layer and a totally absorbing substrate for the laser wavelength. As a consequence of the laser pulse, a temperature profile builds up at the substrate-film interface. A thermal pulse starts to diffuse from the substrate-film interface to the surface of the layer. Therefore, the temperature rise at the surface of the test layer starts with a time delay with respect to the laser pulse. The time delay depends on the propagation time of the thermal wave through the layer and is related to the thermal conductivity and the thickness of the layer. Measurements are evaluated by calculations based on the finite difference method. The results show that the analyzed thin films have lower thermal conductivity than the corresponding materials in bulk form. 相似文献
18.
对苯基、萘基和蒽基在中位取代的氟硼二吡咯(BODIPY)衍生物薄膜的放大自发辐射(ASE)性能进行了研究,探讨了影响材料ASE稳定性的因素。首先,将3种BODIPY衍生物材料PhBOD、NaBOD和EnBOD掺入聚苯乙烯经溶液旋涂法制备成薄膜,接下来测试了吸收光谱和荧光光谱,然后在光泵浦条件下测量了3种样品的ASE性能,获得了材料的ASE阈值。进一步通过长时间泵浦、环境中长时间放置和高温环境下泵浦等方法研究了材料的光稳定性、ASE环境稳定性和热稳定性。最后使用Gaussian 09计算了分子基态性质。实验结果表明,PhBOD、NaBOD和EnBOD薄膜的初始阈值分别为12.4,4.55,3.4 k W/cm~2,其中PhBOD有较强的ASE稳定性。ASE稳定性差异可能与分子结构的共轭程度和化学稳定性相关。分子中各个基团的共轭程度较大、Mulliken电荷分布对称性较好的材料具有较好的ASE稳定性。 相似文献
19.
M. Fähnle G. Herzer H. Kronmüller R. Meyer M. Saile T. Egami 《Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials》1983,38(3):240-252
The magnetic phase transition in materials with exchange disorder (amorphous ferromagnets, spin glasses) is discussed. In the critical temperature range the behavior of amorphous ferromagnetic transition metal-metalloid glasses is found to be similar to the one derived for a three-dimensional homogeneous Heisenberg ferromagnet. The most prominent difference between disordered and homogeneous materials is manifested in a large temperature range of deviations from the mean field behavior beyond the critical region, as observed experimentally for the temperature dependence of the linear susceptibility of amorphous ferromagnets and of the nonlinear susceptibility of spin glasses. A molecular field theory with correlations in space and time is developed, which relates the deviations from the mean field behavior to the interplay between the temperature dependent thermal correlations in the spin system and the spatial fluctuations of the material. Application to dynamical processes (kinetic critical slowing down) is discussed. 相似文献