同时萃取-火焰原子吸收光度法测定锂盐及某些盐中锰、铬、铜、锌、镉、铁、钴、镍和铅

本文系用二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸二乙铵(DEDTC)/甲基异丁基甲酮(MIBK)pH5.7萃取体系,预浓缩以后,用原子吸收法在RbCl、 CsCl、 Sr(NO_3)_2、H_3BO_3、NH_4NO_3、NaBr、KI、Li_2CO_3、NaCl、KCl、CaCl_2、MgO、BaCl_2、KH_2pO_4、KNaC_4H_4O_6、C_6H_6O_7等盐类中测定痕量的锰、铬、铜、锌、镉、铁、钴、镍、铅等九个元素,其中应用于前面七个样品是我们提出的。检出限为1×10~(-4)％,九个元素的回收率在93～106％之间,相对标准偏差(n=7)为2.7％。     

方波伏安法同时测定食物中的铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、钴、镍、锰

经过预处理的食物样品:在马福炉中灰化24h,加HNO_3、HClO_4蒸干。残渣用HC1O_4-酒石酸底液提取。首先用方波阳极溶出伏安法测定其中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd。然后加入氨水使pH约为9.5,用方波阴极伏安法测定Fe、Mn。最后加入丁二酮肟溶液,用方波吸附伏安法测定Ni、Co。     

Microsensor in vivo monitoring of oxidative burst in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) leaves infected by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Oxidative burst is the rapid and transient production of large amounts of reactive oxygen species, including superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and hydroxyl radical. A rapid and simple technique was employed for in vivo detection of oxidative burst in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) leaves, using a modified electrode. Platinum (Pt) micro-particles were dispersed on a Pt electrode, coated with a poly (o-phenylenediamine) film. This exhibited high sensitivity, selectivity and stability in H₂O₂ detection. Amperometry was used to obtain satisfactory linear relationships between reductive current intensities and H₂O₂ concentrations at −0.1 V potential in different electrolytes. This electrode was used in vivo to detect oxidative burst in oilseed rape following fungal infection. Oxidative bursts induced by infection of the fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary exhibited notably different mechanisms between a susceptible and a resistant glucose oxidase-transgenic genotype.     

同时多元素萃取-原子吸收光谱法测定锂、硼、钾等无机盐中钙、镁、锰、铜、锌、镉、铁、钴、镍和铅

本文系用1-苯基-3-甲基-4-苯甲醯基吡唑啉酮-5(PMBP)/甲基异丁基甲酮(MIBK)在六次甲基四胺存在下(pH=8.9)萃取预浓缩以后,用1.5mol/LHCl-2mgLa~(3+)/ml-0.5mgNa~+/ml 进行反萃取,继用原子吸收法在 Li_2CO_3、LiBr、RbCl、Cs_2SO_4、KOH、H_3BO_3、K_2SO_4、NaNO_3、NH_4Cl、NaCl、KH_2PO_4等盐类中测定有机相中的铁,反萃液测定其它9个离子。大量的 Cl~-、NO~-_3、SO~(2-)_4、Li、Rb、Cs、B、PO~(3-)_4等没有干扰。     

辉光放电、石墨阴极溅射/瞬变原子化原子吸收光谱测定镉、铬、铜、铁、镁、锰的研究

本文采用辉光放电、石墨阴极溅射/瞬变原子化原子吸收光谱技术研究了Cd、Cr、Cu、Fe、Mg、Mn等元素的分析性能。试验表明,此技术具有灵敏度高、无记忆效应等优点,是一项很有发展前途的痕量分析技术。     

Physiological changes in barley plants under combined toxicity of aluminum, copper and cadmium

Crop production on acid soil is markedly reduced, further, a multiple heavy metal pollution except Al on acid soil is detected in many areas. The present study was undertaken to assess the toxicities of Al, Cd, and Cu separately and in combinations, three heavy metals very often coexisting on acid soil, and to identify their interactions in two kinds of barley seedlings differing in Al tolerance. The plant growth, metals accumulations, total soluble protein and sugar contents, MDA contents and the activities of SOD and POD were estimated in roots and leaves after 5-week supply of the heavy metals excess in the nutrient solution. The results indicated that the stress treatments including low pH (pH 4.5) alone all adversely affected plant growth and disturbed the cell metabolism seriously. The development of toxic symptoms corresponded to a high accumulation of Al, Cd, Cu and to a poor increase in soluble sugar contents but to a high increase in MDA contents, to the decrease in soluble protein contents and to the much elevated SOD and POD activities in both roots and leaves. In addition, binary metal combinations of Al + Cd and Al + Cu both produced the synergistic response for the growth of barley seedlings, in particular for Shang 70-119, while, ternary metal combination of Al + Cu + Cd produced different interactions in two kinds of genotypes, thus, the significant synergistic response was seen in Shang 70-119, but the antagonistic response was detected in Gebeina. The different responses to ternary metal combination of two genotypes may result from the different metal bioaccumulation patterns, hence, the existence of Cd and Cu promoted Al accumulation in Shang 70-119 but inhibited Al accumulation in Gebeina.     

Column solid-phase extraction with Chromosorb-102 resin and determination of trace elements in water and sediment samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

A column, solid-phase extraction (SPE), preconcentration method was developed for determination of Bi, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni and Pb ions in drinking water, sea water and sediment samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The procedure is based on retention of analytes in the form of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate complexes on a short column of Chromosorb-102 resin from buffered sample solution and then their elution from the resin column with acetone. Several parameters, such as pH of the sample solution, amount of Chromosorb-102 resin, amount of ligand, volume of sample and eluent, type of eluent, flow rates of sample and eluent, governing the efficiency and throughput of the method were evaluated. The effects of divers ions on the preconcentration were also investigated. The recoveries were >95%. The developed method was applied to the determination of trace metal ions in drinking water, sea water and sediment samples, with satisfactory results. The 3σ detection limits for Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni and Pb and were found to be as 0.10, 0.44, 11, 3.6, and 10 μg l⁻¹, respectively. The relative standard deviation of the determination was <10%. The procedure was validated by the analysis of a standard reference material sediment (GBW 07309) and by use of a method based on coprecipitation.     

Optical probes for detection and quantification of neutrophils’ oxidative burst. A review

Neutrophils, also known as polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), are the most common type of white blood cells, comprising about 50-70% of all white blood cells. In the event of inflammatory processes, neutrophils display increased mobility, tissue influx ability, prolonged life span, and an increased phagocytic capacity, constituting the initial participants in the cellular defense of the organism. One of the most important defense systems of neutrophils corresponds to their ability to mediate a strong oxidative burst through the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). While oxidative burst is important for the elimination of invading microorganisms, the overproduction of ROS and RNS or the impairment of endogenous antioxidant defenses may result to detrimental effects to the host. The nature and the extent of ROS and RNS production by neutrophils in response to different stimuli is, consequently, a matter of extensive research, with scientific reports showing an enormous variability on the detection methodologies employed. This review attempts to provide a critical assessment of the most common approaches to identify and quantify reactive species formed during the neutrophils’ oxidative burst. The detection mechanisms and performance, as well as advantages and limitations of the different methodologies, are scrutinized, focusing on the use of fluorimetric, chemiluminometric and colorimetric probes.     

Rutin induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated apoptosis in human triple-negative breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells – In vitro and in silico docking studies

Rutin is a bioactive compound that possesses anti-tumor activities through triggering apoptosis. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is insensitive to targeted anti-tumoral drugs, and drug resistance in TNBC poses a challenge for a successful cure. The accumulation of misfolded proteins in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) results in cellular stress that initiates a specialized response designated as the unfolded protein response. This study aimed to find potential ER stress targets in triple-negative breast cancer. The viability of cells was evaluated using an MTT assay. Cell migration and proliferation were done by wound scratch and colony formation assay. Cell cycle detection, measurement of ER stress, mitochondrial membrane potential disruption, and cell death identification was performed using flow cytometry. The interaction of rutin with ER stress proteins is predicted using in silico docking. The pattern of gene expression was determined by qRT-PCR. The elevated rate of cell viability, cell cycle arrest, ER stress, MMP, and apoptotic induction was observed in combination treatment. Rutin exhibited the highest glide score with ASK1 and JNK. The results of qRT-PCR showed that rutin induced apoptosis through upregulation of ASK1 and JNK. The present study provides strong evidence supporting an important role of the ER stress response in mediating rutin-induced apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer.