Green chemistry and sustainability metrics in the pharmaceutical manufacturing sector

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Green chemistry in the bulk chemicals industry

The bulk chemicals industry is a branch of the chemical industry whose assortment includes key organic synthesis products and intermediates. The world output of these products is as large as millions of tons. This scale requires the use of not only maximally inexpensive raw materials but also the most selective and energy-efficient processes for converting them into target products. This paper considers the examples of changing the sources of raw materials and developing catalysts and processes to minimize environmental disruption. The majority of these new processes have been introduced into industry well before the appearance of the term green chemistry; their development has been stimulated by not only environmental protection but also economic reasons.     

Green process chemistry in the pharmaceutical industry

Abstract

Key factors for deriving environmentally sustainable processes in the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates and products are discussed. The selection and use of solvents is emphasized as regards methods to minimize environmental impact. Case studies of successful process development to attain improved green processes are included.     

The circular chemistry conceptual framework: A way forward to sustainability in industry 4.0

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Green chemistry: Analytical and chromatography

Nowadays, the environment protection and the personal health and safety are given more consideration in the field of chemistry, thus resulting in an increased number of published researches about how to work according to green instructions, to follow up the recommendations of environmental agencies and to obtain better clean handling of chemistry. In this review, green chemistry definition, importance, principles, and some recent applications in the field of green chemistry were discussed. In addition, the review summarizes the evolution of green analytical chemistry (GAC) with its specific principles and how to make the analytical process more environmentally benign with special emphasis on recent applications of GAC. Moreover, the green chromatography, its methods, and some of its applications were outlined. Finally, different techniques available up till now for the assessment of greening of the methods were also presented.     

Green analytical chemistry: Opportunities for pharmaceutical quality control

This review article summarizes the opportunities for utilizing the green analytical chemistry (GAC) techniques and principles in the field of quality control (QC) of pharmaceuticals. Green analytical chemistry is considered a branch of the green chemistry based on the principles overlapping with the goals of sustainable development. General definitions of quality and quality control, the principles of GAC, proposals for greener sample pretreatment and greener chromatographic method of analysis applied in QC laboratories are discussed herein. The main goal is to achieve more eco-friendly analysis in QC laboratories through different strategies and techniques, replace toxic reagents, and modify or replace analytical methods and/or techniques with safer ones, making it possible to dramatically reduce the amounts of reagents consumed and waste generated.     

Overcoming sustainability barriers within the chemical industry

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Green chemistry approaches for the purification of pharmaceuticals

To enable R&D of new drug products with a more green process emphasis, a full understanding of the impact of chromatography in the discovery phase of drug development is crucial. With large quantities of small scale (<1000 mg) separations typically evaluated and purified, a chromatographic technique needs to be easily integrated into workflows and readily robust. At Novartis, integration of supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) has allowed for increases in productivity, decreases in toxic/hazardous solvent consumption and a more green approach to chromatography. The purpose of this review is to introduce the reader to new techniques available to organizations for the analysis and purification of mg-kg scale purifications that are routinely handled within discovery. Evaluation of a variety of techniques available to the industry has led to the implementation of SFC, with some of the pros of each technique noted below: An overview of enantiomeric purification methodologies is highlighted below in Table 1.     

Green chemistry: the emergence of a transformative framework

Abstract

Since the Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry were formulated in the 1990s, there have been tremendous successes in developing new products and processes to be more compatible with human health, the environment, and sustainability goals. This review gives a sampling of research successes from the last 20years, including advances in synthetic efficiency, application of alternative synthetic methods, use of less hazardous solvents and reagents, and development of renewable resources for chemical feedstocks. The future of green chemistry will depend on innovations that consolidate and integrate these achievements that have been made, using all Twelve Principles as a framework for intentional design. Designing for sustainability and reduced hazard should not be viewed as constraining, but rather as providing the freedom to explore and invent, bridging continents and scientific disciplines to create new solutions.     

Geometry and models in chemistry

Madame Curie was awarded her second Nobel Prize in 1911 and on this occasion it was in chemistry. Honoring the centennial of this event, the world celebrates chemistry in 2011. Chemistry serves the world every minute every year and the world reciprocates with paying attention to this often cursed but uniquely useful science during this particular year.     

Real molecules as models for mathematical chemistry

A [2]-catenane consisting of methylene groups and two additional acetylated aza groups has been synthesized in a multi-step sequence. After splitting off the acetyl bonds, the resulting secondary diamine should provide a good starting material for stepreaction (condensation or addition, respectively) polymerization.     

Green chemistry and catalysis in Mannich reaction

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